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DE1000796B - Process and apparatus for the production of hydrogen cyanide by catalytic cracking of formamide vapor - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for the production of hydrogen cyanide by catalytic cracking of formamide vapor

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Publication number
DE1000796B
DE1000796B DEB36973A DEB0036973A DE1000796B DE 1000796 B DE1000796 B DE 1000796B DE B36973 A DEB36973 A DE B36973A DE B0036973 A DEB0036973 A DE B0036973A DE 1000796 B DE1000796 B DE 1000796B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
cleavage
catalysts
hydrogen cyanide
iron
space
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DEB36973A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Dr Heinrich Bommer
Dr Otto Rommel
Dr Lothar Zimmermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Priority to DEB36973A priority Critical patent/DE1000796B/en
Publication of DE1000796B publication Critical patent/DE1000796B/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01CAMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C3/00Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01C3/02Preparation, separation or purification of hydrogen cyanide
    • C01C3/0204Preparation, separation or purification of hydrogen cyanide from formamide or from ammonium formate

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Cyanwasserstoff durch katalytische Spaltung von Formamiddampf Bekanntlich schwanken die Ausbeuten an Cyanwasserstoff bei der katalytischen Spaltung von Formamiddampf unter vermindertem Druck erheblich, da die Aktivität der dafür verwendeten Katalysatoren Änderungen unterworfen ist. Man ist daher genötigt, die Temperatur der Umsetzung laufend der Aktivität des verwendeten Katalysators anzupassen oder geeignete Mengen Luft zur Oxydation der in Nebenreaktionen gebildeten und die Ausbeute an Cyanwasserstoff vermindernden Produkte zuzusetzen.Process and apparatus for the production of hydrogen cyanide by catalytic cleavage of formamide vapor It is known that the yields of hydrogen cyanide vary considerable in the catalytic cracking of formamide vapor under reduced pressure, because the activity of the catalysts used for this is subject to changes. It is therefore necessary to keep the temperature of the reaction constantly changing the activity of the used Adapt catalyst or suitable amounts of air to oxidize the side reactions Add products formed and reducing the yield of hydrogen cyanide.

Auf dsie Spaltungsreaktion des Formamids in Cyanwasserstoff und Wasser, die unter Wärmeverbrauch verläuft, ist außerdem das Temperaturgefälle von Einfluß, das in den Reaktionsräumen zwischen den beheizten Wänden, beispielsweise Rohrwandungen, und den nicht direkt beheizten Stellen im Innern der Reaktionsräume besteht. Derartige Temperaturgefälle treten auch auf, wenn in die von außen beheizten Reaktionsröhren zwecks Erhöhung der Gasgeschwindigkeit oder zur Vergrößerung der Auftreffhäufigkeit der Teilchen des Formamiddampfes Verdrängerkörper eingebaut sind.On the cleavage reaction of the formamide into hydrogen cyanide and water, which runs under heat consumption, the temperature gradient is also of influence, that in the reaction spaces between the heated walls, for example pipe walls, and the places inside the reaction chambers that are not directly heated. Such Temperature gradients also occur when entering the externally heated reaction tubes to increase the gas velocity or to increase the frequency of impact of the particles of the formamide vapor displacers are installed.

Dem Temperaturgefälle innerhalb der Öfen zur Spaltung des Formamiddampfes kann erfindungsgemäß dadurch Rechnung getragen werden, daß man die Spaltung des Formamiddampfes in Cyanwasserstoff und Wasser an Katalysatoren, wie z. B. stückigen oder körnigen, hochgebrannten, eisenoxydhaltigen Silicaten oder Spinellen in einem Spaltungsraum vornimmt, dessen Wandung eine niedrigere katalytische Aktivität besitzt als die des Katalysators im Spaltungsraum, wobei diese Wandung beispielsweise aus Edelstahl, insbesondere solchem mit etwa 84% Eisen und etwa 16% Chrom, Aluminium, Silicium und Mangan, besteht.The temperature gradient inside the furnace for splitting the formamide vapor can be taken into account according to the invention by the fact that the cleavage of the Formamide vapor in hydrogen cyanide and water over catalysts, such as. B. lumpy or granular, highly burnt, iron oxide-containing silicates or spinels in one Cleavage space makes the wall of which has a lower catalytic activity than that of the catalyst in the cleavage space, this wall, for example, from Stainless steel, especially those with about 84% iron and about 16% chromium, aluminum, Silicon and manganese.

Auf diese Weise gelingt es, im Spaltungsraum die zu der jeweiligen Aktivität des Katalysators passende Temperatur einzustellen.In this way, it is possible in the cleavage space to find the respective Activity of the catalyst to set the appropriate temperature.

Eisenoxydhaltige Silicate oder Spinelle sind als Katalysatoren in Anwendung auf die hydrierende Behandlung von Kohlenwasserstoffen, Fetten, Ölen und Wachsen bzw. die Hydrierung von Kohlenoxyd bekannt.Iron oxide-containing silicates or spinels are used as catalysts in Application to the hydrogenation treatment of hydrocarbons, fats, oils and Waxing or the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide is known.

Man kann auchKatalysatoren verschiedenerAktivitäten nebeneinander, insbesondere konzentrisch, derart anordnen, daß die Aktivität der einzelnen Katalysatoren nach der Wandung des Spaltungsraums zu abnimmt.You can also use catalysts of different activities side by side, in particular concentrically, arrange in such a way that the activity of the individual catalysts after the wall of the cleavage space decreases.

Die konzentrische Anordnung von Katalysatoren verschiedener Aktivitäten in den Röhren eines Spaltofens kann in der Weise geschehen, daß man die jeweiligen Katalysatoren in Schläuchen des gewünschten Durchmessers, die aus verbrennbarem Material, z. B. Kunststoffen, bestehen und in der zu füllenden Röhre aufgespannt sind, einfüllt. In derart gefüllten Röhren werden im Dauerbetrieb Ausbeuten an Cyanwasserstoff bis 95% der Theorie erhalten.The concentric arrangement of catalysts of different activities in the tubes of a cracking furnace can be done in such a way that the respective Catalysts in hoses of the desired diameter made of combustible Material, e.g. B. plastics, exist and stretched in the tube to be filled are filling. In tubes filled in this way, yields of hydrogen cyanide are obtained in continuous operation received up to 95% of theory.

Sehr gute Ausbeuten an Cyanwasserstoff werden erhalten, wenn man die Spaltung in von außen beheizten Röhren aus Edelstahl unter Verwendung von Verdrängerkörpern aus weniger edlem Stahl oder Eisen in den Röhren durchführt. Als geeignetes Material für die Röhren erwies sich eine Eisenlegierung mit etwa 84% Eisen, 13% Chrom, 1% Aluminium, 1% Silicium, weniger als 1% Mangan und etwa 0,1% Kohlenstoff, wohingegen als weniger edle Stähle für die Verdrängerkö.rper der Spaltöfen vorteilhaft Eisenlegierungen mit über 90% Eisen und entsprechend weniger Chrom, Aluminium, Silicium und Mangan Verwendung finden können.Very good yields of hydrogen cyanide are obtained if the Cleavage in externally heated tubes made of stainless steel using displacement bodies made of less noble steel or iron in the tubes. As a suitable material an iron alloy with about 84% iron, 13% chromium, 1% turned out to be for the tubes Aluminum, 1% silicon, less than 1% manganese and about 0.1% carbon, whereas iron alloys are advantageous as less noble steels for the displacement bodies of cracking furnaces with over 90% iron and correspondingly less chromium, aluminum, silicon and manganese Can be used.

Auf diese Weise können bei Temperaturen von 350 bis 450° und einem Druck von 20 bis 100 Torr Ausbeuten an Cyanwasserstoff, die 95% der Theorie entsprechen, im Dauerbetrieb erhalten werden.In this way, at temperatures from 350 to 450 ° and one Pressure from 20 to 100 Torr yields of hydrogen cyanide, which correspond to 95% of theory, can be maintained in continuous operation.

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: 1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cyanwasserstoff durch katalytische Spaltung von Formamiddampf bei erhöhter Temperatur, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Spaltung des Formamiddampfes an Katalysatoren, wie z. B. stückigen oder körnigen, hochgebrannten, eisenoxydhaltigen Silicaten oder Spinellen, in einem Spaltungsraum vornimmt, dessen Wandung eine niedrigere katalytische Aktivität besitzt als die des Katalysators im Spaltungsraum, wobei diese Wandung beispielsweise aus Edelstahl, insbesondere solchem mit etwa 84% Eisen und etwa 16% Chrom, Alumi-,ium, Silicium und Mangan, besteht. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Spaltung in von außen beheizten Röhren aus Edelstahl unter Verwendung von Verdrängerkörpern aus weniger edlem Stahl oder Eisen in den Röhren durchführt. 3. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dies Verfahrens gemäß Anspruch 1 und 2, gekennzeichnet durch einen Spaltungsraum, in dem Katalysatoren verschiedener Aktivitäten nebeneinander, insbesondere konzentrisch, derart angeordnet sind, daß die Aktivität der einzelnen Katalysatoren nach der Wandung des Spaltungsraumes zu abnimmt. 4. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die verschiedenen Katalysatoren in im Spaltungsraum aufgehängten, verbrennbaren Schläuchen des gewünschten Durchmessers angeordnet sind. In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften: Deutsche Patentschriften Nr. 816 115, 828 237; USA.-Patentschrift Nr. 2 617 774.PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Process for the production of hydrogen cyanide by catalytic cleavage of formamide vapor at elevated temperature, characterized in that that the cleavage of the formamide vapor on catalysts, such as. B. lumpy or granular, highly burnt, iron oxide-containing silicates or spinels, in a cleavage room undertakes whose wall has a lower catalytic activity than that of the catalyst in the cleavage space, this wall, for example, made of stainless steel, in particular those with about 84% iron and about 16% chromium, aluminum, ium, silicon and manganese. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that one can use the cleavage in externally heated tubes made of stainless steel by displacement bodies made of less noble steel or iron in the tubes. 3. Apparatus for performing this method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized through a cleavage space in which catalysts of different activities coexist in particular concentrically, are arranged in such a way that the activity of the individual Catalysts decrease after the wall of the cleavage space. 4. Device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the various catalysts in the cleavage space suspended, combustible hoses of the desired diameter are arranged. Considered publications: German Patent Nos. 816 115, 828 237; U.S. Patent No. 2,617,774.
DEB36973A 1955-08-25 1955-08-25 Process and apparatus for the production of hydrogen cyanide by catalytic cracking of formamide vapor Pending DE1000796B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB36973A DE1000796B (en) 1955-08-25 1955-08-25 Process and apparatus for the production of hydrogen cyanide by catalytic cracking of formamide vapor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB36973A DE1000796B (en) 1955-08-25 1955-08-25 Process and apparatus for the production of hydrogen cyanide by catalytic cracking of formamide vapor

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0209039A3 (en) * 1985-07-19 1988-06-15 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Process for the decomposition of formamide into cyanic acid and water
WO2004050587A3 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-07-08 Basf Ag Hydrocyanic acid consisting of formamide
WO2009121827A3 (en) * 2008-03-31 2010-04-01 Basf Se Improved method for producing hydrogen cyanide through catalytic dehydration of gaseous formamide–direct heating
WO2011089209A2 (en) 2010-01-22 2011-07-28 Basf Se Single-chamber evaporator and the use thereof in chemical synthesis
US9249029B2 (en) 2010-01-22 2016-02-02 Basf Se Single chamber vaporizer and use thereof in chemical synthesis

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE816115C (en) * 1949-04-09 1951-10-08 Basf Ag Process for the catalytic treatment of hydrocarbons, fats, oils and waxes
DE828237C (en) * 1949-05-19 1952-01-17 Basf Ag Process for carrying out catalytic reactions
US2617774A (en) * 1949-09-13 1952-11-11 Ruhrchemie Ag Preparation of an iron-silica gel fischer-tropsch catalyst

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE816115C (en) * 1949-04-09 1951-10-08 Basf Ag Process for the catalytic treatment of hydrocarbons, fats, oils and waxes
DE828237C (en) * 1949-05-19 1952-01-17 Basf Ag Process for carrying out catalytic reactions
US2617774A (en) * 1949-09-13 1952-11-11 Ruhrchemie Ag Preparation of an iron-silica gel fischer-tropsch catalyst

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0209039A3 (en) * 1985-07-19 1988-06-15 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Process for the decomposition of formamide into cyanic acid and water
WO2004050587A3 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-07-08 Basf Ag Hydrocyanic acid consisting of formamide
CN1331750C (en) * 2002-12-04 2007-08-15 巴斯福股份公司 Hydrocyanic acid consisting of formamide
US7294326B2 (en) 2002-12-04 2007-11-13 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Hydrocyanic acid consisting of formamide
WO2009121827A3 (en) * 2008-03-31 2010-04-01 Basf Se Improved method for producing hydrogen cyanide through catalytic dehydration of gaseous formamide–direct heating
US9034293B2 (en) 2008-03-31 2015-05-19 Basf Se Process for preparing hydrocyanic acid by catalytic dehydration of gaseous formamide—direct heating
WO2011089209A2 (en) 2010-01-22 2011-07-28 Basf Se Single-chamber evaporator and the use thereof in chemical synthesis
US9249029B2 (en) 2010-01-22 2016-02-02 Basf Se Single chamber vaporizer and use thereof in chemical synthesis

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