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DE10002483A1 - Method for rapid heating of exhaust gas components in IC engines in motor vehicles with one or more exhaust valves per cylinder being opened for short period during compression phase - Google Patents

Method for rapid heating of exhaust gas components in IC engines in motor vehicles with one or more exhaust valves per cylinder being opened for short period during compression phase

Info

Publication number
DE10002483A1
DE10002483A1 DE10002483A DE10002483A DE10002483A1 DE 10002483 A1 DE10002483 A1 DE 10002483A1 DE 10002483 A DE10002483 A DE 10002483A DE 10002483 A DE10002483 A DE 10002483A DE 10002483 A1 DE10002483 A1 DE 10002483A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
exhaust
valve
gas components
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE10002483A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Stefan Dengler
Murat Serifsoy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
Original Assignee
Audi AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi AG filed Critical Audi AG
Priority to DE10002483A priority Critical patent/DE10002483A1/en
Publication of DE10002483A1 publication Critical patent/DE10002483A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0203—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0242—Variable control of the exhaust valves only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0253—Fully variable control of valve lift and timing using camless actuation systems such as hydraulic, pneumatic or electromagnetic actuators, e.g. solenoid valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0257—Independent control of two or more intake or exhaust valves respectively, i.e. one of two intake valves remains closed or is opened partially while the other is fully opened
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0273—Multiple actuations of a valve within an engine cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/025—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by changing the composition of the exhaust gas, e.g. for exothermic reaction on exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
    • F02F1/36—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling
    • F02F1/38—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling the cylinder heads being of overhead valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/04—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D2013/0292—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation in the start-up phase, e.g. for warming-up cold engine or catalyst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F02D2041/001—Controlling intake air for engines with variable valve actuation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/245—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated at an angle with the cylinder axis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum schnellen Aufheizen von Abgaskomponenten an einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Ventilsteuerung mit zumindest einem Auslassventil, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge, bei dem in der Kompressionsphase der Brennkraftmaschine die Auslassventile zur Einsteuerung von Sekundärluft oder von einem Brennstoff-Luftgemisch zur Nachverbrennung kurzzeitig geöffnet werden. Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens weist eine vollvariable hydraulische, pneumatische und/oder elektrische Ventilsteuerung mit einer entsprechenden Ansteuerung über ein elektronisches Steuergerät auf.The invention relates to a method for the rapid heating of exhaust gas components on an internal combustion engine with valve control with at least one exhaust valve, in particular for motor vehicles, in which, in the compression phase of the internal combustion engine, the exhaust valves are briefly opened to control secondary air or by a fuel-air mixture for afterburning. A device for carrying out the method has a fully variable hydraulic, pneumatic and / or electrical valve control with a corresponding control via an electronic control unit.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum schnellen Auf­ heizen von Abgaskomponenten an einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Ventilsteu­ erung, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patent­ anspruches 1.The invention relates to a method and a device for rapid opening Heating exhaust components on an internal combustion engine with valve control tion, in particular for motor vehicles, according to the preamble of the patent claim 1.

Zur effektiven Abgasentgiftung an Brennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere in Kraftfahrzeugen, ist es unter anderem wichtig, die insbesondere der Abgas­ entgiftung dienenden Abgaskomponenten, z. B. Katalysatoren, möglichst schnell auf ihre Reaktionstemperatur zu bringen. Dazu sind bereits zahlrei­ che Maßnahmen vorgeschlagen worden, z. B. das Ausblenden von Zündun­ gen bei einer fremdgezündeten Brennkraftmaschine, die Nacheinspritzung von Kraftstoff in den Auslasstrakt, Sekundärluftzuführung, Verstellung des Zündsystems in Richtung spät, etc. Durch die DE 35 06 107 A1 ist es ferner bekannt, zu dem beschriebenen Zweck die Auslassventile der Brennkraftma­ schine zeitlich früher zu öffnen, um eine Art Nachbrenneffekt im Auslasstrakt der Brennkraftmaschine zu bewirken.For effective exhaust gas detoxification on internal combustion engines, especially in Motor vehicles, among other things, it is important that in particular the exhaust gas detoxification serving exhaust components, e.g. B. catalysts, if possible to quickly bring them up to their reaction temperature. There are already numerous measures have been proposed, e.g. B. hiding Zündun gene with a spark-ignited internal combustion engine, the post-injection of fuel in the exhaust tract, secondary air supply, adjustment of the Ignition system in the late direction, etc. It is also from DE 35 06 107 A1 known for the described purpose, the exhaust valves of the internal combustion engine seems to open earlier in time to create a kind of afterburning effect in the exhaust tract to effect the internal combustion engine.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung vorzu­ schlagen, mit dem unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen an der Brennkraftma­ schine sowohl beim Kaltstart als auch im späteren Motorbetrieb eine exakte Aufheizung der Abgaskomponenten bzw. eine effektive Regelung der Ab­ gastemperatur ermöglicht wird.The object of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus beat with the under certain conditions at the internal combustion engine exact both when cold starting and in later engine operation Heating of the exhaust gas components or effective regulation of the exhaust gas gas temperature is made possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 und hinsichtlich der Vorrichtung mit den kennzeich­ nenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 8 gelöst. This object is achieved with the characterizing features of claim 1 and with regard to the device with the character nenden features of claim 8 solved.  

Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, in der Kompressionsphase der Brennkraftmaschine das zumindest eine Auslassventil kurzzeitig zu öffnen. Durch diese Maßnahme kann entweder vor Einbringung des Brennstoffes in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine Sekundärluft und nach dem Ein­ bringen des Brennstoffes ein nachverbrennbares Brennstoffluftgemisch den Abgaskomponenten zugeführt werden. Die Zuführung kann dabei variabel entsprechend sowohl den Betriebszuständen der Brennkraftmaschine als auch der benötigten Heizenergie (Nachheizung oder schnelle Aufheizung bei einem Kaltstart) gesteuert werden.According to the invention, it is proposed in the compression phase Internal combustion engine to briefly open the at least one exhaust valve. With this measure, either before the fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber of the engine secondary air and after the on bring the fuel a combustible fuel air mixture Exhaust components are supplied. The feed can be variable corresponding to both the operating states of the internal combustion engine and also the required heating energy (reheating or rapid heating at a cold start) can be controlled.

Dabei können alternierend einige Auslassventile oder alle Auslassventile in der Kompressionsphase kurzzeitig geöffnet werden. Die Öffnungszeit kann variabel gesteuert abhängig von der Last der Brennkraftmaschine und/oder von der Temperatur der relevanten Abgaskomponenten verändert werden.Some exhaust valves or all exhaust valves can alternate in during the compression phase. The opening time can variably controlled depending on the load of the internal combustion engine and / or be changed by the temperature of the relevant exhaust gas components.

Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens an einer Brennkraftma­ schine weist eine vollvariable hydraulische, pneumatische und/oder elektri­ sche Ventilsteuerung auf, mit einer entsprechenden Ansteuerung über ein elektronisches Steuergerät zum kurzzeitigen Öffnen des zumindest einen Auslassventiles in der Kompressionsphase bei erforderlicher Aufheizung der Abgaskomponenten. Die vollvariable Ventilsteuerung kann beispielsweise eine elektrische Ventilsteuerung ohne Nockenwellen sein, bei der die Aus­ lassventile elektromagnetisch vollvariabel hinsichtlich der Steuerzeiten betä­ tigt werden.A device for performing the method on an internal combustion engine schine has a fully variable hydraulic, pneumatic and / or electri cal valve control, with a corresponding control via a electronic control unit for briefly opening the at least one Exhaust valves in the compression phase when the Exhaust components. The fully variable valve control can, for example be an electric valve control without camshafts, in which the off actuate solenoid valves fully variable with regard to the control times be done.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist im folgendem näher beschrieben. Die schematische Zeichnung zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine fremdge­ zündete, vierzylindrige Viertakt-Brennkraftmaschine mit elektromagnetischer, vollvariabler Ventilsteuerung und Abgaskomponenten mit einem Katalysator.An embodiment of the invention is described in more detail below. The schematic drawing shows a cross section through a third party ignited four-cylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine with electromagnetic fully variable valve control and exhaust components with a catalytic converter.

Eine fremdgezündete, vierzylindrige Viertakt-Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschine 2 weist einen Zylinderblock 4 und einen Zylinderkopf 6 auf. Im Zylinderkopf 6 sind ein Einlassventil 8 und ein Auslassventil 10 für den Gaswechsel ange­ ordnet. Die Ventile 8, 10 werden über elektromagnetische Stelleinrichtungen 12, 14 betätigt, wobei diese vollvariable Ventilsteuerung über ein elektroni­ sches Steuergerät 16 gesteuert wird. Im elektronischen Steuergerät 16 sind in bekannter Weise Kennfelder mit den Betriebsdaten der Brennkraftma­ schine 6 zugrundeliegenden Parametern abgelegt. A spark-ignited, four-cylinder four-stroke reciprocating internal combustion engine 2 has a cylinder block 4 and a cylinder head 6 . In the cylinder head 6 , an intake valve 8 and an exhaust valve 10 are arranged for the gas exchange. The valves 8 , 10 are actuated by electromagnetic actuators 12 , 14 , this fully variable valve control being controlled by an electronic control unit 16 . In the electronic control unit 16 , maps with the operating data of the internal combustion engine 6 underlying parameters are stored in a known manner.

An die von den Auslassventilen 10 gesteuerten Abgaskanäle 20 im Zylinder­ kopf 6 ist über einen nicht dargestellten Abgassammler ein Abgasvorrohr 22, ein Katalysator 24 (z. B. ein Dreiwege-Katalysator oder ein NOx-Adsorber), ein daran anschließendes Abgasrohr 26 und ein Schalldämpfer 28 mit einem Endrohr 30 angeschlossen. Der Katalysator 24, der auch ein Startkatalysator mit einem dahinter angeordneten weiteren Katalysator sein kann, ist mög­ lichst nahe an der Brennkraftmaschine 2 angeordnet. Der Katalysator 24 ist mit einem Temperatursensor 32 ausgestattet, der über eine elektrische Lei­ tung 34 mit dem Steuergerät 16 verbunden ist.At the exhaust gas channels 20 controlled by the exhaust valves 10 in the cylinder head 6 , an exhaust gas pipe 22 , a catalytic converter 24 (e.g. a three-way catalytic converter or a NO x adsorber), an adjoining exhaust gas pipe 26 and a via an exhaust manifold, not shown Muffler 28 connected to an end pipe 30 . The catalytic converter 24 , which can also be a starting catalytic converter with a further catalytic converter arranged behind it, is arranged as close as possible to the internal combustion engine 2 . The catalyst 24 is equipped with a temperature sensor 32 which is connected to the control unit 16 via an electrical line 34 .

Die Brennkraftmaschine 2, die in ein Kraftfahrzeug eingebaut ist, wird über ein Leistungssteuerglied bzw. ein Gaspedal 38 und ein nicht näher darge­ stelltes Betätigungsgestänge 40 leistungsgesteuert. Im Bereich des Gestän­ ges 40 ist ein Geber 42 vorgesehen, der die Lastanforderung α an die Brennkraftmaschine 2 über eine elektrische Leitung 44 dem Steuergerät 16 angibt.The internal combustion engine 2 , which is installed in a motor vehicle, is power-controlled via a power control element or an accelerator pedal 38 and an actuating linkage 40, not shown in more detail. In the area of the linkage 40 , a transmitter 42 is provided which indicates the load requirement α to the internal combustion engine 2 to the control unit 16 via an electrical line 44 .

Neben der üblichen Steuerung der Ventile 8, 10 zum Gaswechsel der Brenn­ kraftmaschine 2 im bekannten Viertakt-Prinzip wird in der Kompressions­ phase die elektromagnetische Stelleinrichtung 12 für die Auslassventile 10 kurzzeitig angesteuert und es werden die Auslassventile 10 entsprechend geöffnet. Dabei sind in dem Steuergerät 16 Kennfelder abgelegt, mittels de­ rer dieses kurzzeitige Öffnen abhängig von der Drehzahl, der Last α, der Temperatur T des Katalysators 24, und noch anderer Parameter gesteuert wird.In addition to the usual control of the valves 8 , 10 for gas exchange of the internal combustion engine 2 in the known four-stroke principle, the electromagnetic actuating device 12 for the exhaust valves 10 is briefly activated in the compression phase and the exhaust valves 10 are opened accordingly. 16 maps are stored in the control unit, by means of which this brief opening is controlled as a function of the rotational speed, the load α, the temperature T of the catalytic converter 24 and other parameters.

Durch die vollvariable, elektromagnetische Ventilsteuerung kann die Öffnung der Auslassventile 10 vor der Einführung von Brennstoff in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine 2 (= Sekundärluftzufuhr) oder wahlweise später nach der Brennstoffzufuhr erfolgen (= gezielte Nachverbrennung eines Brennstoff-Luftgemisches).Due to the fully variable, electromagnetic valve control, the exhaust valves 10 can be opened before fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 2 (= secondary air supply) or optionally later after the fuel supply (= targeted post-combustion of a fuel-air mixture).

Die Brennstoffzufuhr kann in bekannter Weise über nicht dargestellte Ein­ spritzventile entweder in die Ansaugkanäle 18 oder direkt in die Brennräume der Brennkraftmaschine 2 durchgeführt werden.The fuel supply can be carried out in a known manner via injection valves, not shown, either in the intake channels 18 or directly into the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine 2 .

Die Auslassventile 10 können über das Steuergerät 16 auch alternierend so geöffnet werden, dass deren Öffnungsphase mit der jeweiligen Ausstoß­ phase eines anderen Zylinders der Brennkraftmaschine zusammenfällt. Es können auch alternierend "Sekundärluft" oder "Nachverbrennung" gesteuert werden, um je nach den vorliegenden Betriebsbedingungen eine vorteilhafte Nachreaktion im Katalysator 24 zu steuern.The exhaust valves 10 can also be opened alternately via the control unit 16 such that their opening phase coincides with the respective exhaust phase of another cylinder of the internal combustion engine. Alternately, “secondary air” or “post-combustion” can be controlled in order to control an advantageous post-reaction in the catalyst 24 depending on the operating conditions present.

Ferner kann die Öffnungsdauer der Auslassventile bis gegen Null verkürzt werden, abhängig von der Lastanforderung an der Brennkraftmaschine 2 und/oder von den Temperaturen des Katalysators 24. Liegt der Katalysator 24 weit unter seiner Betriebstemperatur (von z. B. 650 K), so wird bei länge­ rer Öffnungsdauer vermehrt Sekundärluft und/oder Brennstoff-Luftgemisch in den Abgastrakt geleitet.Furthermore, the opening duration of the exhaust valves can be shortened to almost zero, depending on the load requirement on the internal combustion engine 2 and / or on the temperatures of the catalytic converter 24 . If the catalytic converter 24 is far below its operating temperature (of, for example, 650 K), secondary air and / or fuel-air mixture are increasingly conducted into the exhaust gas tract if the opening time is longer.

Ein besonderer Vorteil des kurzzeitigen Öffnens der Auslassventile 10 in der Kompressionsphase der Brennkraftmaschine 2 liegt darin, dass die Nachre­ aktion der Sekundärluft bzw. des Brennstoff-Luftgemisches mit dem Abgas unmittelbar im Katalysator 24 erfolgt und somit besonders wirkungsvoll zur schnellen, gezielten Aufheizung ist. Ferner werden durch diese Maßnahme immer alle Zylinder in Betrieb gehalten und gezündet, so dass eine gut fahr­ bare Regelung der Abgastemperaturen möglich ist.A particular advantage of briefly opening the exhaust valves 10 in the compression phase of the internal combustion engine 2 is that the after-reaction of the secondary air or the fuel-air mixture with the exhaust gas takes place directly in the catalytic converter 24 and is therefore particularly effective for rapid, targeted heating. Furthermore, this measure always keeps all cylinders in operation and ignites them, so that the exhaust gas temperatures can be controlled easily.

Die beschriebene Aufheizung kann zusätzlich mit einer separaten Sekundärluftzuführung, z. B. kurz vor dem Katalysator oder dem NOx Adsorber, kombiniert sein. Sie kann auch zur Desulfatierung durch Temperaturerhöhung bei NOx Speicherkatalysatoren eingesetzt werden.The heating described can additionally with a separate secondary air supply, for. B. shortly before the catalyst or the NO x adsorber. It can also be used for desulfation by increasing the temperature of NO x storage catalytic converters.

Bei einer nockengesteuerten Ventilbetätigung (mechanisch) kann ggf. ein separater, zuschaltbarer Nocken auf der Nockenwelle der Brennkraftmaschine vorgesehen sein.With a cam-controlled valve actuation (mechanical), a separate, switchable cam on the camshaft of the Internal combustion engine may be provided.

Claims (8)

1. Verfahren zum schnellen Aufheizen von Abgaskomponenten an einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Ventilsteuerung mit zumindest einem Auslass­ ventil, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Kompressionsphase der Brennkraftmaschine (2) das Auslassventil (10) kurzzeitig geöffnet wird.1. A method for rapid heating of exhaust gas components on an internal combustion engine with valve control with at least one exhaust valve, in particular for motor vehicles, characterized in that the exhaust valve ( 10 ) is briefly opened in the compression phase of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ). 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einer mehrzylindrigen Brennkraftmaschine (2) mit zumindest einem Auslass­ ventil (10) je Zylinder ein oder mehrere Auslassventile (10) geöffnet wer­ den.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine ( 2 ) with at least one exhaust valve ( 10 ) per cylinder one or more exhaust valves ( 10 ) who opened the. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auslass­ ventile (10) alternierend so geöffnet werden, dass sie mit der Ausstoß­ phase eines anderen Zylinders zeitlich zusammenfallen.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the outlet valves ( 10 ) are opened alternately so that they coincide with the discharge phase of another cylinder. 4. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Öffnungszeit der Auslassventile (10) mit zu­ nehmender Temperatur (T) der Brennkraftmaschine (2) und/oder der Ab­ gaskomponenten (24) verkürzt wird.4. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the opening time of the exhaust valves ( 10 ) with increasing temperature (T) of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) and / or the gas components ( 24 ) is shortened. 5. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Öffnungszeit der Auslassventile (10) mit zunehmender Drehzahl und/oder Last (α) der Brennkraftmaschine verkürzt wird.5. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening time of the exhaust valves ( 10 ) is shortened with increasing speed and / or load (α) of the internal combustion engine. 6. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor der Öffnung des zumindest einen Auslassven­ tiles (10) Brennstoff dem Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine zugeführt wird. 6. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that before the opening of the at least one Auslassven tiles ( 10 ) fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brenn­ stoff über das herkömmliche Brennstoff-Einspritzventil in den Ansaugka­ nal (18) oder in den Brennraum eingebracht wird.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the fuel is introduced via the conventional fuel injection valve into the Ansaugka channel ( 18 ) or into the combustion chamber. 8. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, an einer Brennkraftmaschine (2) mit ei­ ner vollvariablen hydraulischen, pneumatischen und/oder elektrischen Ventilsteuerung (12, 14) mit einer Ansteuerung über ein elektronisches Steuergerät (16) zum kurzzeitigen Öffnen des zumindest einen Auslass­ ventiles (10) in der Kompressionsphase der Brennkraftmaschine (2) bei erforderlicher Aufheizung der Abgaskomponenten (20, 22, 24).8. Device for performing the method according to one or more of the preceding claims, on an internal combustion engine ( 2 ) with egg ner fully variable hydraulic, pneumatic and / or electrical valve control ( 12 , 14 ) with a control via an electronic control unit ( 16 ) for a short time Opening the at least one outlet valve ( 10 ) in the compression phase of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) when the exhaust gas components ( 20 , 22 , 24 ) need to be heated.
DE10002483A 2000-01-21 2000-01-21 Method for rapid heating of exhaust gas components in IC engines in motor vehicles with one or more exhaust valves per cylinder being opened for short period during compression phase Withdrawn DE10002483A1 (en)

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US7155899B2 (en) 2002-12-17 2007-01-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for heating an exhaust gas catalyst for an internal combustion engine operating with direct fuel injection
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WO2005068809A3 (en) * 2003-01-23 2005-10-13 Wisconsin Alumni Res Found Engine valve actuation for combustion enhancement
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EP2077380A1 (en) * 2008-01-04 2009-07-08 Caterpillar Inc. Engine system having valve actuated particle filter regeneration
WO2015013696A1 (en) * 2013-07-26 2015-01-29 Pinnacle Engines, Inc. Early exhaust valve opening for improved catalyst light off
US9528402B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2016-12-27 Pinnacle Engines, Inc. Early exhaust valve opening for improved catalyst light off
DE102023202729B3 (en) 2023-03-27 2024-02-08 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Method for heating an exhaust aftertreatment component in the exhaust system of a spark-ignited internal combustion engine
EP4438883A1 (en) 2023-03-27 2024-10-02 Volkswagen Ag Method for heating an exhaust gas after-treatment component in the exhaust gas system of a spark-ignited internal combustion engine

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