DE1094012B

DE1094012B - Wide angle lens

Info

Publication number: DE1094012B
Application number: DEO6335A
Authority: DE
Inventors: Karl-Heinz Pennig
Original assignee: Optische Werke G Rodenstock
Current assignee: Optische Werke G Rodenstock
Priority date: 1958-08-30
Filing date: 1958-08-30
Publication date: 1960-12-01

Description

Weitwinkel-Objektiv Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf Weitwinkelobjektive, bei denen die Blende von zwei mehrlinsigen Sammelsystemen umgeben ist, denen auf der Seite der kurzen Schnittweite ein streuender Meniskus folgt, während auf der Seite der langen Schnittweite zwei streuende Menisken vorgesetzt sind. Das Objektiv gemäß der Erfindung weist einen erheblich höheren Bildwinkel auf als die bekannten dieser Bauart, er beträgt mindestens 90°, im allgemeinen aber 100 bis 105°. Es zeichnet sich vor allem aberdurch eine verhältnismäßig kurze Baulänge aus, die höchstens das 1,3fache der Brennweite beträgt, aber auch nur das 1,05- bis 1,1fache der Brennweite ausmachen kann. Diese kurze Baulänge wirkt sich dadurch günstig aus, daß die von der Blende weit entfernten Linsen keine allzu großen Durchmesser haben müssen und daß die Vignettierung der Strahlen größter Neigung gegen die optische Achse, die die Ecken des Bildfeldes ausleuchten, trotzdem sehr gering gehalten werden kann.Wide-angle lens The invention relates to wide-angle lenses, in which the aperture is surrounded by two multi-lens collecting systems, which on the side of the short focal length is followed by a scattering meniscus, while on the Side of the long focal length two scattering menisci are in front. The objective according to the invention has a significantly higher angle of view than the known of this type, it is at least 90 °, but generally 100 to 105 °. It draws but above all by a relatively short overall length, which is at most 1.3 times the focal length, but also only 1.05 to 1.1 times the focal length can make out. This short overall length has a favorable effect that the from Lenses that are far away from the diaphragm do not have to be too large in diameter and that the vignetting of the rays of greatest inclination against the optical axis, the illuminate the corners of the image field, but can still be kept very small.

Weiter zeichnet sich das Objektiv gemäß der Erfindung gegenüber den vorbekannten dadurch aus, daß die Zone der sphärischen Aberration wesentlich geringer ist. Dadurch wurde eine etwa mögliche Blendendifferenz vollends unterbunden. Auch ist es möglich gewesen, die Bildfeldebnung für das sagittale Bündel ebenso wie für das tangentiale wesentlich zu bessern, so daß beide Bildschalen sich mehrfach schneiden und gegebenenfalls auch die theoretische Bildebene mehrfach durchstoßen.The lens according to the invention is also distinguished from the previously known in that the zone of spherical aberration is much smaller is. This completely prevented any possible aperture difference. Even it has been possible to flatten the field of view for the sagittal bundle as well as for to improve the tangential significantly, so that both image shells intersect several times and, if necessary, also penetrate the theoretical image plane several times.

Die Verzeichnung bewegt sich bei allen in Rede stehenden Systemen in gleich engen Grenzen. Diese Verbesserung der Korrektion wurde im wesentlichen dadurch erreicht, daß die beiden der langen Schnittseite zugekehrten Streulinsen einen wesentlich größeren Abstand voneinander als bei den bisher bekannten Systemen aufweisen, bei denen dieser Luftraum kleiner als der Abstand des inneren Meniskus von dem ihm benachbarten Sammelsystem ist. Bei dem Objektiv gemäß der Erfindung dagegen ist der Luftraum zwischen beiden Menisken größer, er beträgt mindestens das 2fache, bevorzugt das 3fache bis 4fache, des Abstandes zwischen dem inneren Meniskus und dem ihm folgenden Sammelglied. Dementsprechend sind auch die Brechkraftverteilung und die Durchbiegung dieser Menisken in dem Objektiv gemäß der Erfindung wesentlich geändert; das Verhältnis der konvexen, der langen Schnittweite zugewandten Radien isst nicht etwa 1, sondern größer als 1,5, bevorzugt 2,5 bis 3,5. Dadurch ist es möglich gewesen, die Petzvalsumme auf durchweg günstige Werte trotz der kurzen Baulänge einzustellen. Sie weist bei dem Objektiv gemäß der Erfindung je nach der Ausführungsform Beträge um -r0,01 bis -r0,05 auf. Dementsprechend wurde es möglich, die Ebnung des Bildfeldes wesentlich besser herbeizuführen, vor allem mindestens einem der Radialschnitte der Bildfeldschalen einen Wendepunkt in dem Sinne zu erteilen, daß zwei Schnitte beider Bildschalen miteinander und gegebenenfalls auch zwei Schnitte wenigstens einer Bildschale mit der Bildebene möglich wurden.The distortion moves in all systems in question within equally narrow limits. This improvement in correction was substantial achieved in that the two divergent lenses facing the long cut side a much larger distance from each other than in the previously known systems have in which this air space is smaller than the distance of the inner meniscus from the collection system adjacent to it. In the lens according to the invention on the other hand, the air space between the two menisci is larger, it is at least twice, preferably 3 to 4 times, the distance between the inner Meniscus and the collecting member following it. The refractive power distribution is also corresponding and the deflection of these menisci is essential in the objective according to the invention changed; the ratio of the convex radii facing the long back focal length eats not about 1, but greater than 1.5, preferably 2.5 to 3.5. This is how it is It was possible to keep the Petzval sum at consistently favorable values despite the short overall length to adjust. In the case of the objective according to the invention, it has depending on the embodiment Amounts around -r0.01 to -r0.05. Accordingly, it became possible to improve the leveling of the To bring about the image field much better, especially at least one of the radial sections to give the image field shells a turning point in the sense that two cuts both image shells with each other and possibly also at least two cuts an image shell with the image plane became possible.

Wegen der chromatischen und sphärischen Korrektion weist das der langen Schnittweite zugekehrte Sammelsystem zwei Kittflächen auf, während das der kurzen Schnittweite zugekehrte eine Kittfläche besitzt, deren Radius größer als 400/, der Brennweite ist. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, eine dieser Kittflächen, bevorzugt in dem der langen Schnittweite zugekehrten Sammelsystem, durch einen kurzen Luftraum zu ersetzen.Because of the chromatic and spherical correction, that of the long Focal distance facing collecting system on two putty surfaces, while that of the short one The back focal length facing has a putty surface, the radius of which is greater than 400 /, the Focal length is. One of these cemented surfaces is preferred within the scope of the invention in the collecting system facing the long focal length, through a short air space to replace.

Es sind bereits Objektive bekanntgeworden, die zu beiden Seiten der sammelnden, der Blende benachbarten Glieder Streulinsen aufweisen, und zwar gelegentlich auch deren mehrere von sehr geringer Dicke, aber sehr großem Durchmesser. Die Herstellung derartiger großer und dünner Linsen ist aber außerordentlich kostspielig; es ist deshalb ein Vorteil des Weitwinkelobjektivs gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, daß die Dicke der Menisken, insbesondere derjenigen auf der Seite der langen Schnittweite, durchweg größer als 5 °/o der Brennweite, bevorzugt 6 bis 8 °/o der Brennweite ist.There are already known lenses that are on both sides of the collecting, the diaphragm adjacent members have divergent lenses, and indeed occasionally also several of them of very small thickness but very large diameter. The production However, such large and thin lenses are extremely expensive; it is therefore, an advantage of the wide angle lens according to the present invention is that the thickness of the menisci, especially those on the side of the long back focal length, is consistently greater than 5% of the focal length, preferably 6 to 8% of the focal length.

In den Fig. 1 und 2 sind die Beispiele I und V von Objektiven gemäß der Erfindung wiedergegeben, wobei in Fig.2 eine der Kittflächen durch einen Luftraum ersetzt wird. Fig. 1 a und 2 a zeigen die Kurven der sphärischen Aberration für diese beiden Beispiele, Fig. 1 b und 2b den Astigmatismus und Fig. 1 c und 2c die Verzeichnung.In FIGS. 1 and 2, examples I and V of lenses are shown in FIG of the invention reproduced, wherein in Figure 2 one of the cemented surfaces through an air space is replaced. FIGS. 1 a and 2 a show the spherical aberration curves for these two examples, Fig. 1b and 2b the astigmatism and Fig. 1c and 2c the Distortion.

Die optischen Daten für diese Systeme und einige weitere Beispiele gemäß der Erfindung sind für f - 1 folgende Beispiel I (Fig. 1) I II l III IV J V (Fig. 2) Bildwinkel 105° 1051 95° 96° 100° Öffnungs- verhältnis 1 : 5,5 1:5,6 1 : 4,5 1 : 5,6 1 :5,6 r1 = + 1,1951 + 1,2338 + 1,3853 + 1,2677 + 1,0962 dl = 0,0645 0,0630 0,0609 0,0593 0,0779 nl/vl = 1,487/70,0 1,487/70,0 1,487/70,0 1,487/70,0 1,487/70;0 r2 = +0,4324 +0,4335 +0,4432 +0,4195 +0,4745 11 = 0,2223 0,2161 0,2226 0,2110 0,2092 r3 = +0,3868 +0,3906 +0,3944 +0,3664 +0,4551 d2 = 0,0636 0,0638 0,0646 0,0613 0,0847 n2/v2 = 1,465/65,8 1,465/65,8 1,465/65,8 1,465/65,8 1,465/65,8 r4 = +0,2252 +0,2268 +0,2293 +0,2190 +0,2297 12 = 0,0543 0,0544 0,0534 0,0488 0,0549 r6 = +0,3043 +0,3051 +0,3108 +0,2939 +0,3062 d3 = 0,0518 0,0519 0,0551 0,0435 0,0568 n$/v8 = 1,713/53,9 1,713/53,9 1,713/53,9 1,720/50,3 1,717/47,9 r, = +0,4324 +0,4492 +0,4432 +0,4030 +0,3937 l = - - - - 0,0010 r' = -- - - - + 0,3858 d4 = 0,1239 0,1234 0,1426 0,1396 0,1093 n4/v4 = 1,569/63,1 1,569/63,1 1,569/63,1 1,569/63,1 1,569/63,1 r7 _ -0,2525 -0,2637 -0,2548 -0,2387 -0,2711 d, = 0,0670 0,0599 0,1037 0,1026 0,0618 ns/vb = 1,548/42,1 1,548/42,4 1,548/42,4 1,548/42,4 1,548/42,4 r8 = -60,98 -61,14 -66,87 +4,467 - 10,82 bi = 0,0169 0,0169 0,0167 0,0162 0,0169 13+b2= 0,0094 0,0095 0,0140 0,0278 0,0102 r9 = - 1,5522 - 1,5561 - 1,6082 - 1,6234 - 1,9565 d 6 = 0,1460 0,1650 0;0726 0,0900 0,1347 ne/v. = 1,569/63,1 1,569/63,1 1,569/63,1 1,569/63,1 1,569/63,1 rlo = -0,4664 -0,4675 -0,4754 -0,4604 -0,6630 d7 = 0,0823 0,0732 0,1085 0,0383 0,1389 n7/v7 = 1,717/47,9 1,717/47,9 1,717/47,9 1,713/53,9 1,713/53,9 r11 = -0,3495 -0,3503 -0,3512 -0,3310 -0,3702 14 = 0,1103 0,1106 0,1120 0,1070 0,1093 r12 = -0,2301 -0,2307 -0,2314 -0,2184 -0,2452 d8 = 0,0815 0,0672 0,0484 0,1030 0,1262 n8/v8 = 1,593/35,8 1,593/35,8 1,593/35,8 1,593/35,8 1,593/35,8 r1$ _ -0,6264 -0,6246 -0,6073 -0,5590 -0,7231 Petzvalsumme +0,029 +0,015 +0,024 +0,013 +0,084 Scheiteldicke 1,094 1,075 1,075 1,048 1,192 The optical data for these systems and some other examples according to the invention are as follows for f-1 example I (Fig. 1) I II l III IV JV (Fig. 2) Angle of view 105 ° 105 1 95 ° 96 ° 100 ° Opening ratio 1: 5.5 1: 5.6 1: 4.5 1: 5.6 1 : 5.6 r1 = + 1.1951 + 1.2338 + 1.3853 + 1.2677 + 1.0962 dl = 0.0645 0.0630 0.0609 0.0593 0.0779 nl / vl = 1.487 / 70.0 1.487 / 70.0 1.487 / 70.0 1.487 / 70.0 1.487 / 70; 0 r2 = +0.4324 +0.4335 +0.4432 +0.4195 +0.4745 11 = 0.2223 0.2161 0.2226 0.2110 0.2092 r3 = +0.3868 +0.3906 +0.3944 +0.3664 +0.4551 d2 = 0.0636 0.0638 0.0646 0.0613 0.0847 n2 / v2 = 1.465 / 65.8 1.465 / 65.8 1.465 / 65.8 1.465 / 65.8 1.465 / 65.8 r4 = +0.2252 +0.2268 +0.2293 +0.2190 +0.2297 12 = 0.0543 0.0544 0.0534 0.0488 0.0549 r6 = +0.3043 +0.3051 +0.3108 +0.2939 +0.3062 d3 = 0.0518 0.0519 0.0551 0.0435 0.0568 n $ / v8 = 1.713 / 53.9 1.713 / 53.9 1.713 / 53.9 1.720 / 50.3 1.717 / 47.9 r, = +0.4324 +0.4492 +0.4432 +0.4030 +0.3937 l = - - - - 0.0010 r '= - - - - + 0.3858 d4 = 0.1239 0.1234 0.1426 0.1396 0.1093 n4 / v4 = 1.569 / 63.1 1.569 / 63.1 1.569 / 63.1 1.569 / 63.1 1.569 / 63.1 r7 _ -0.2525 -0.2637 -0.2548 -0.2387 -0.2711 d, = 0.0670 0.0599 0.1037 0.1026 0.0618 ns / vb = 1.548 / 42.1 1.548 / 42.4 1.548 / 42.4 1.548 / 42.4 1.548 / 42.4 r8 = -60.98 -61.14 -66.87 +4.467 - 10.82 bi = 0.0169 0.0169 0.0167 0.0162 0.0169 13 + b2 = 0.0094 0.0095 0.0140 0.0278 0.0102 r9 = - 1.5522 - 1.5561 - 1.6082 - 1.6234 - 1.9565 d 6 = 0.1460 0.1650 0; 0726 0.0900 0.1347 ne / v. = 1.569 / 63.1 1.569 / 63.1 1.569 / 63.1 1.569 / 63.1 1.569 / 63.1 rlo = -0.4664 -0.4675 -0.4754 -0.4604 -0.6630 d7 = 0.0823 0.0732 0.1085 0.0383 0.1389 n7 / v7 = 1.717 / 47.9 1.717 / 47.9 1.717 / 47.9 1.713 / 53.9 1.713 / 53.9 r11 = -0.3495 -0.3503 -0.3512 -0.3310 -0.3702 14 = 0.1103 0.1106 0.1120 0.1070 0.1093 r12 = -0.2301 -0.2307 -0.2314 -0.2184 -0.2452 d8 = 0.0815 0.0672 0.0484 0.1030 0.1262 n8 / v8 = 1.593 / 35.8 1.593 / 35.8 1.593 / 35.8 1.593 / 35.8 1.593 / 35.8 r1 $ _ -0.6264 -0.6246 -0.6073 -0.5590 -0.7231 Petzval sum +0.029 +0.015 +0.024 +0.013 +0.084 Crown thickness 1.094 1.075 1.075 1.048 1.192

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Wide-angle lens which comprises at least 90 ° angle of view, the diaphragm of which is enclosed by collecting members, both of which consist of several lenses, are generally cemented and followed by a scattering meniscus on the side of the short focal length, while on the side of the long Focal length of two scattering meniscus are provided, the inner radius of the outer meniscus being longer than the outer radius of the inner meniscus (r2 greater than r,) and all menisci facing their hollow side of the diaphragm, characterized in that the overall length of the entire system is the 1 , Does not exceed 3 times the focal length and that the air space between the two menisci on the side of the long back focal length is larger than the subsequent air space between the inner meniscus and the object-side collecting member.

2. Wide-angle lens according to claim 1, characterized in that the radius ratio of the convex surface of both neighboring scattering menisci (r ,: r3) is greater than 1.5, preferably 2.5 to 3.5, that the ratio of the air spaces between the two adjacent scattering menisci on the one hand and the inner one this menisci and the following collecting member, on the other hand, larger than 2, is preferred 3 to 4 and that the Petzval sum is positive and at most 0.1.

3. Wide angle lens according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that of the longer back focal length facing collecting member has two cemented surfaces which have their hollow sides to each other to turn, and that the collection system facing the short back focal length only one for Aperture has a hollow cemented surface with a radius of curvature greater than 400 /, the focal length is.

4. Wide-angle lens according to claim 3, characterized in that one of the Putty surfaces of the collector link on the side of the long focal length by a short one Airspace is replaced.

5. Wide-angle lens according to claims 1, 2 and 3 or 4, characterized in that the center thickness of each scattering individual meniscus is greater than 5% of the focal length. 6. Wide-angle lens according to claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized by the following data in any length units, with individual refractive powers of the surfaces by ± 30/0 of the total refractive power of the lens, thicknesses and distances by ± 5% of the total length, refractive indices by ± 0, 03 and Ny values may differ by ± 5 Image angle 105 ° Focal ratio 1: 5.5 r1 = +1.1951 d1 = 0.0645 n, / v, = 1.487 / 70.0 r2 = +0.4324 1i = 0.2223 r3 = +0.3868 da = 0.0636 n2 / v2 = 1.465 / 65.8 r4 = +0.2252 1Z = 0.0543 r5 = +0.3043 d3 = 0.0518 n3 / v3 = 1.713 / 53.9 r6 = +0.4324 d4 = 0.1239 n4 / v4 = 1.569 / 63.1 r7 = -0.2525 d5 = 0.0670 n, / v, = 1.548 / 42.1 r8 = -60.98 bi = 0.0169 13 {+ b2 = 0.0094 r9 = -1.5522 dB = 0.1460 ne / v6 = 1.569 / 63.1 ), 10 = -04664 d7 = 0.0823 n7 / v7 = 1.717 / 47.9 rn = -0) 3495 14 = 0.1103 r12 = -0.2301 d f = 0.0815 n $ / va = 1.593 / 35.8 r13 = -0.6264 Petzval Sum = -f- 0.029 Vertex thickness = 1.094

7. Wide-angle lens according to claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized by the following data in any length units, with individual refractive powers of the surfaces by ± 30 /, the total refractive power of the lens, thicknesses and distances by ± 5% of the total length, refractive indices by 0.03 and Ny values may deviate by ± 5. Angle of view 105 ° aperture ratio 1: 5.6 r1 = + 1.2338 = 0.0630 ni / vi = 1.487 / 70.0 r2 = +0.4335 1i = 0.2161 r $ _ +0.3906 d2 = 0.0638 n, / v, = 1.465 / 65.8 r4 = +0.2268 1Z = 0.0544 r5 = +0.3051 d3 - 0.0519 n3 / v3 = 1.713 / 53 , 9 r, = +0.4492 d4 = 0.1234 n4 / v4 = 1.569 / 63.1 77 = -0.2637 d5 = 0.0599 n5 / v, = 1.548 / 42.4 rg = - 61.14 Jbi = 0.0169 13 + b2 = 0.0095 r9 = - 1.5561 d, = 0.1650 n 6 / vo = 1.569 / 63.1 rio = -0.4675 d7 = 0.0732 n7 / v7 = 1.717 / 47.9 rii = -0.3503 14 = 0.1106 r12 = -0.2307 d8 = 0.0672 n $ / v $ = 1.593 / 35.8 ria _ -0.6246 Petzval Sum = -f- 0.015 Vertex thickness = 1.075

B. Wide-angle lens according to claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized by the following data in any length units, whereby individual crushing forces of the surfaces by ± 3% of the total refractive power of the lens, thicknesses and distances by ± 5% of the Total length, refractive indices around j-0.03 and Ny values may deviate by ± 5 Angle of view 95 ° Focal ratio 1: 4.5 r1 = +1.3853 d1 = 0.0609 n, / v, = 1.487 / 70.0 r2 = +0.4432 1i = 0.2226 r3 = +0.3944 d2 = 0.0646 n2 / v2 = 1.465 / 65.8 r4 = +0.2293 1Z = 0.0534 r5 = +0.3108 d3 = 0.0551 n3 / v3 = 1.713 / 53.9 r, = +0.4432 d4 = 0.1426 n4 / v4 = 1.569 / 63.1 r7 = -0.2548 d5 = 0.1037 n5 / v5 = 1.548 / 42.4 r8 = - 66.87 bi = 0.0167 13 {- + - b2 = 0.0140 r9 = -1.6082 dB = 0.0726 no / v 6 = 1.569 / 63.1 rio = -0.4754 d7 = 0.1085 n, / v, = 1.717 / 47.9 rii = -0.3512 14 = 0.1120 r12 = -0.2314 d $ = 0.0484 n, / v, = 1.593 / 35.8 r13 = -0.6073 Petzval Sum = -r-0.024 Vertex thickness = 1.075

9. Wide-angle lens according to claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized by the following data in any length units, with individual refractive powers of the surfaces around IL 30 /, the total refractive power of the lens, thicknesses and distances around ± 5% of the total length, refractive indices around ± 0, 03 and Ny values may differ by @ 5 Angle of view 96 ° Focal ratio 1: 5.6 r1 = +1.2677 dl = 0.0593 nl / vl = 1.487 / 70.0 r2 = +0.4195 h = 0.2110 r3 - +0.3664 d2 = 0.0613 n2Jv2 = 1.465 / 65.8 r4 = +0.2190 12 = 0.0488 r5 = +0.2939 d3 = 0.0435 n3 / v3 = 1.720 / 50.3 r8 - +0.4030 d4 = 0.1396 n4 / v4 = 1.569 / 63.1 r7 = -0.2387 d, = 0.1026 n 5 / 4v b = 1.548 / 42.4 r $ = +4.467 - 0.0162 14b2 = 0.0278 r9 = -1.6234 de = 0.0900 ne / v, = 1.569 / 63.1 rlo = -0.4604 d7 = 0.0383 n7 / v7 = 1.713 / 53.9 rll = -0.3310 14 = 0.1070 r12 = -0.2184 d8 = 0.1030 n8 / v8 = 1.593 / 35.8 r13 = -0.5590 Petzval Sum = -j- 0.013 Vertex thickness = 1.048

10. Wide-angle lens according to claims 1, 2, 4 and 5, characterized by the following data in any length units, with individual refractive forces of the surfaces by ± 3% of the total refractive power of the lens, thicknesses and distances by ± 50% of the Total length, refractive indices around 0.03 and Ny values may deviate by ± 5 Angle of view 100 ° Focal ratio 1: 5.6 r1 = +1.0962 dl = 0.0779 n, / v, = 1.487 / 70.0 r2 = +0.4745 h = 0.2092 r3 = +0.4551 da = 0.0847 n2 / v2 = 1, 465 / 65.8 r4 = -j-0.2297 12 = 0.0549 rb = +0.3062 d3 = 0.0568 n, / v3 = 1.717 / 47.9 r, = +0.3937 l = 0.0010 r '= +0.3858 d4 = 0.1093 n4 / v4 = 1.569 / 63.1 r7 = - 0.2711 d6 = 0.0618 nb / v 5 = 1.548 / 42.4 r8 = - 10.82 @bl = 0.0169 14b2 = 0.0102 r, = - 1.9565 de = 0.1347 ne / v6 = 1.569 / 63.1 rlo = -0.6630 d7 = 0.1389 "7 / v7 = 1.713 / 53.9 r11 = -0.3702 14 = 0.1093 r12 = -0.2452 d8 = 0.1262 n8 / v8 = 1.593 / 35.8 r13 = -0.7231 Petzval Sum = + 0.084 Vertex thickness = 1.192

Documents considered: German Patent No. 944 400.