DE1071823B

DE1071823B -

Info

Publication number: DE1071823B
Application number: DENDAT1071823D
Authority: DE
Publication date: 1959-12-24

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schalt- und Umkehrgetriebe, das vorzugsweise für Fahrzeuge bestimmt ist und die Reibkupplung mit dem üblichen Schaltgetriebe ersetzen soll, das durch Verschieben von Zahnrädern, die mit anderen Zahnrädern in Eingriff kommen, das Übersetzungsverhältnis von Motorwelle zur Fahrzeugwelle ändert oder den Drehsinn umkehrt.The invention relates to a manual and reversing transmission, which is preferably intended for vehicles is and the friction clutch is to replace with the usual gearbox, which by moving Gears that mesh with other gears, the gear ratio of the motor shaft changes to the vehicle shaft or reverses the direction of rotation.

Durch die Erfindung wird die Bedienung, d. h. das Kuppeln und Schalten eines Kraftwagens, wesentlich erleichtert, weil die Bewegungsumkehr (Rückwärtsfahrt) durch die Betätigung eines einfachen elektrischen Schalters erfolgen kann, wobei es nicht erforderlich ist, die Bremse zu betätigen, den Stillstand des Fahrzeugs abzuwarten und Zahnräder oder Klauenscheiben zu verschieben.The invention makes the operation, i. H. the coupling and shifting of a motor vehicle is essential facilitated because the movement reversal (backward travel) by the operation of a simple electric Switch can be done, it is not necessary to apply the brake, the standstill of the vehicle and to move the gears or claw disks.

Es sind Schalt- und Umkehrgetriebe mit elektromagnetischen Synchronkupplungen gekannt (vgl. britische Patentschrift 650 873), bei denen die Induktoren getrennt erregbar sind und einen mit der treibenden Welle und je einen mit der getriebenen Welle verbundenen Läufer besitzen. Von der bekannten Anordnung unterscheidet sich die Erfindung jedoch dadurch, daß die Induktoren feststehen. Dieser Unterschied ist jedoch gerade für Fahrzeuggetriebe wesentlich, da die umlaufenden Massen möglichst klein gehalten werden müssen, um ein stoßfreies schnelles Anlaufen und Umsteuern zu erreichen. Durch die großen umlaufenden Erregerspulen der vorbekannten Anordnung treten erhebliche Massenkräfte auf, die durch die vorliegende Erfindung vermieden sind. Das bekannte Schalt- und Umkehrgetriebe unterscheidet sich ferner dadurch, daß ein besonderer Magnet vorhanden ist, der bei seiner Erregung den Läufer und damit das Sonnenrad festhält. Nur so kommt die gewünschte Übersetzung durch die Planetenräder auf die getriebene Welle zustande. Werden beide Induktoren erregt, so laufen das Sonnenrad und die Planetenräder um und übertragen ihr Drehmoment gemeinsam über ein Zahnrad auf die anzutreibende Welle. Werden die Planetenräder durch den Stellstift festgehalten, so wird bei Erregung des Induktors der Läufer und das Sonnenrad angetrieben, so daß über die festgehaltenen Planetenräder die Bewegung im umgekehrten Sinne auf die zu treibende Welle übertragen wird.There are manual and reverse gearboxes with electromagnetic synchronous clutches known (see British Patent specification 650 873), in which the inductors are separately excitable and one with the driving Shaft and each have a rotor connected to the driven shaft. From the familiar arrangement However, the invention differs in that the inductors are fixed. That difference However, it is essential for vehicle transmissions because the rotating masses are as small as possible must be held in order to achieve a smooth, rapid starting and reversing. Through the large rotating excitation coils of the known arrangement occur considerable inertia forces are avoided by the present invention. The well-known manual and reversing gear differ is also characterized by the fact that a special magnet is present which, when it is excited, the rotor and so that the sun gear holds. This is the only way to achieve the desired gear ratio through the planetary gears the driven shaft comes about. If both inductors are excited, the sun gear and the planet gears run and transmit their torque together via a gear to the driven one Wave. If the planet gears are held by the adjusting pin, when the inductor is excited, the Runner and the sun gear driven, so that the movement in the planet gears held reverse sense is transferred to the shaft to be driven.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Schalt- und Umkehrgetriebe mit zwei homopolaren Synchronkupplungen, die getrennt erregbare Induktoren und einen mit der Motorwelle drehfest verbundenen Läufer besitzen, der je zwei Hilfsläufer wahlweise antreibt, die ihre Bewegung über ein Schalt- und Umkehrgetriebe auf die anzutreibende Welle übertragen, insbesondere für Fahrzeuge. Gemäß der Er-The invention relates to a manual and reversing transmission with two homopolar synchronous clutches, the separately excitable inductors and a rotor non-rotatably connected to the motor shaft own, each of which optionally drives two auxiliary rotors, which their movement via a switching and Reverse gear transmitted to the shaft to be driven, especially for vehicles. According to the

Schalt- und Umkehrgetriebe
mit zwei homopolaren Synchronkupplungen, insbesondere für FahrzeugeManual and reverse gearboxes
with two homopolar synchronous clutches, especially for vehicles

Anmelder:Applicant:

Societe Anonyme dite:
Compagnie de Construction
Mecanique Procedes Sulzer,
ParisSociete Anonyme dite:
Company de Construction
Mecanique Procedes Sulzer,
Paris

Vertreter: Dipl.-Ing. Ph. Eyer₁ Patentanwalt, Frankfurt/M., Emil-Claar-Str. 30Representative: Dipl.-Ing. Ph. Eyer ₁ patent attorney, Frankfurt / M., Emil-Claar-Str. 30th

Beanspruchte Priorität: Frankreich vom 22. März und 13. April 1955Claimed priority: France from March 22nd and April 13th 1955

Henri Fehr, Momtmorency (Frankreich), ist als Erfinder genannt wordenHenri Fehr, Momtmorency (France), has been named as the inventor

findung sind die Induktoren mit ihren Ringspulen feststehend angeordnet und wirken über je einen schmalen Luftspalt auf die Zähne der Läufer und Hilfsläufer ein, wobei die in je einen Metallring eingebetteten Zähne senkrecht zu den Induktorköpfen angeordnet sind. Dadurch werden die beiden das Schalt- und Umkehrgetriebe antreibenden Hilfsläufer in Abhängigkeit von der Erregung der Induktoren gesteuert. Bei der Erfindung ist es möglich, beide Induktoren gleichzeitig und unterschiedlich zu erregen, um den Lauf der treibenden Welle nach Wunsch in jeder Richtung beliebig zu verändern. Eine solche Reguliermöglichkeit ist mit der bekannten Anordnung nicht erreichbar.According to the invention, the inductors with their toroidal coils are arranged in a fixed position and each work via one narrow air gap on the teeth of the rotor and auxiliary rotor, each embedded in a metal ring Teeth are arranged perpendicular to the inductor heads. This makes the two of them Manual and reversing gears driving auxiliary rotors depending on the excitation of the inductors controlled. With the invention it is possible to excite both inductors simultaneously and differently, to change the course of the driving wave as desired in any direction. Such The possibility of regulation cannot be achieved with the known arrangement.

Homopolare Synchronkupplungen haben bekanntlieh den Vorteil, daß sie ein sehr elastisches Zwischenglied zwischen treibender und getriebener Welle darstellen, denn der mit der Motorwelle drehfest verbundene Läufer treibt den mit der zu treibenden Welle drehfest verbundenen Hilfsläufer nicht synchron an, wenn das auf die getriebene Welle zu übertragende Drehmoment bei der gewählten Erregung der Kupplung zu groß ist. Bei schwacher Erregung der Synchronkupplung kann daher nur durch die Kupplung ein kleines Drehmoment auf die Schalt-Homopolar synchronous clutches are known to have the advantage that they are a very elastic intermediate member represent between the driving and driven shaft, because the one connected to the motor shaft in a rotationally fixed manner The rotor does not drive the auxiliary rotor, which is non-rotatably connected to the shaft to be driven, synchronously on when the torque to be transmitted to the driven shaft at the selected excitation the clutch is too big. With weak excitation of the synchronous clutch can therefore only through the Clutch a small torque on the shift

909 690/251909 690/251

Claims

transmission shaft are transmitted from the motor shaft, while a large torque can be transmitted when the clutch is strongly excited. This behavior of a homopolar synchronous clutch is exploited by the invention in that two synchronous clutches driven by the motor shaft are used, which transmit the rotary motion of the motor shaft to the drive shaft of the vehicle, one clutch directly and the other clutch via a gear train in the opposite direction of rotation. Since these clutches can be excited differently at the same time or individually, it is up to you to set the speed of the vehicle at will. If only the clutch is energized, the auxiliary rotor of which acts directly on the drive shaft of the vehicle, the vehicle gradually starts up until the auxiliary rotor is synchronized with the rotor driven by the motor shaft. The acceleration of the vehicle can take place all the faster, the more the clutch is excited. If the other clutch is excited, which reverses the direction of travel of the vehicle, this second clutch initially acts as a brake until the vehicle comes to a standstill when the vehicle is moving forward, and the vehicle then runs backwards. If both clutches were to be excited simultaneously and equally when the vehicle was at a standstill, the vehicle shaft would not rotate, since one auxiliary rotor rotates the vehicle shaft forwards by the amount that the other auxiliary rotor rotates backwards. If, on the other hand, the clutches are excited differently, the vehicle shaft rotates in the direction determined by the most strongly excited clutch. \ According to a further feature of the invention, the two homopolar synchronous clutches are arranged coaxially with the motor and gear shaft next to each other, and their driving rotors are rigidly attached to one another on the circumference of a flexible disk that is rotatably connected to the motor shaft and axial and radial displacements of the driving and driven shaft, so that no high demands have to be made on the machining accuracy of the coupling parts. It is known to flatten torque peaks and to compensate for angular and axial displacements that can occur due to careless alignment of shafts, to arrange an elastic member between the driving and driven shaft. In the known arrangements, the elastic connecting member is a rubber coupling. However, the use of a rubber body instead of the flexible disk has the disadvantage that it takes up more space, and it would be difficult to attach the rotor to the rubber body. The shift and reverse transmission of the invention can be installed at any point in the power transmission of a vehicle without placing excessive conditions on the centering of the shafts. An embodiment of the invention is described below. Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the upper half of the manual and reversing transmission with two homopolar synchronous clutches; Figs. 2 and 3 are schematic representations intended for explanation. The two homopolar synchronous clutches are denoted by 43 and 44 and consist of the stationary posts 60 and 61 made of magnetically conductive material, in which the excitation coils 52, 53 designed as toroidal coils are embedded, and of the rotors 35 non-rotatably connected to the motor shaft 37 , 36 and the auxiliary rotors 45, 46. The rotors and auxiliary rotors, which are also made of magnetically conductive material, are provided with teeth in the usual way, and when the toroidal coil is excited, the auxiliary rotor acts as an inductor on the associated rotor, known as the armature. The gearbox shaft is denoted by 41 and drives the vehicle shaft, not shown. The gearbox and reversing gearbox is self-centering and compensates for the axial shifts between the engine and gearbox by means of a flexible disc 38 which is connected to the motor shaft 37 in a rotationally fixed manner and on the circumference of which the rotors 35, 36 are attached. It exists

1. of two anchors 35, 36, which are non-rotatably connected to the crankshaft 37 by a flexible disk 38 ; they are attached to two non-magnetizable centering discs 39 and 40 ;

2. from a solid shaft 41 and a hollow shaft 42, which are coaxially mounted and one of which is mounted inside, the other outside of a sleeve 58 , which serves as a carrier for the various parts of the reverse gear and as a carrier and centering means for the two clutches 43 and 44 serves; the purpose of the particular bearing in relation to the sleeve 58 is to reduce the relative speeds of rotation of the ball bearings used for centering;

3. of two inductors 45 and 46, each of which is firmly seated on the two shafts 41 and 42 , which each also carry the oppositely directed bevel gears 47 and 48; the latter are in engagement with planetary gears 49 which are distributed over their circumference.

The sleeve 58 , which serves as a carrier and centering means, also carries, by means of the non-magnetizable flanges 50 and 51, the two stationary stands 60, 61 with the toroidal coils 52 and 53, the power supply wires of which go through the channel 55 of the sleeve and through the hollow trunnions of the planetary gears.

The mode of operation is as follows: If the clutch 43 is excited while the engine is in operation, the rotor 45 is gradually taken along and finally driven synchronously. The movement is then readily transmitted to the vehicle wheels through the shaft 41 (FIG. 2).

If the clutch 44 is energized when the vehicle is moving forward, the rotor 46 driven by the reversing gear opposite to the rotors 45 and 35, 36 is initially braked, then gradually driven along and finally driven synchronously in the direction of rotation of 36.

The rotational movement, which is then transmitted to the shaft 41 by the sun gear 48, the epicyclic gears 49 and the sun gear 47 , is reversed by the transmission, and the vehicle travels backwards (FIG. 3).

Patentansprüche:Patent claims:

1. Manual and reversing gearbox with two homopolar synchronous clutches, which have separately excitable inductors and a rotor that is non-rotatably connected to the motor shaft, each of which drives two auxiliary rotors that transmit their movement via a manual and reversing gearbox to the shaft to be driven, in particular for