DE1059959B - Triple stable electronic threshold switch - Google Patents
Triple stable electronic threshold switchInfo
- Publication number
- DE1059959B DE1059959B DE1958P0020426 DEP0020426A DE1059959B DE 1059959 B DE1059959 B DE 1059959B DE 1958P0020426 DE1958P0020426 DE 1958P0020426 DE P0020426 A DEP0020426 A DE P0020426A DE 1059959 B DE1059959 B DE 1059959B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- transistors
- transistor
- resistors
- threshold switch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/26—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback
- H03K3/28—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback
- H03K3/281—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
- H03K3/286—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator bistable
- H03K3/2893—Bistables with hysteresis, e.g. Schmitt trigger
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/26—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback
- H03K3/28—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback
- H03K3/281—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
- H03K3/29—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator multistable
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
Description
DEUTSCHESGERMAN
In der elektrischen Regeltechnik besteht oft die Aufgabe, einen durch die Meßgrößen gesteuerten Schalter mit mehreren, z. B. drei Schaltstellungen zu verwenden. Im allgemeinen entspricht dabei eine mittlere Schaltstellung der Ruhelage des Regelorgans, und die beiden äußeren Schaltstellungen würden dann einen Regelvorgang in der einen oder in einer entgegengesetzten Richtung auslösen können.In electrical control technology there is often the task of providing a control system that is controlled by the measured variables Switch with several, z. B. to use three switch positions. In general, this corresponds to a mean Switching position of the rest position of the control element, and the two outer switching positions would then can trigger a control process in one or the other direction.
Damit immer ein eindeutiger Betriebszustand herrscht, ist es erforderlich, daß der Schalter bei einer bestimmten Steuerspannung schaltet und bei einer von dieser Steuerspannung unterschiedlichen Steuergröße wieder zurückschaltet. Die Schaltvorgänge müssen vor allem sprungartig erfolgten, wenn ein bestimmter Schwellenwert der Steuerspannung bzw. Steuergröße erreicht ist, worauf die neue Schaltstellung auch noch bei von diesem Schwellenwert um bestimmte Beträge abweichenden Steuerspannungen stabil bleiben muß.So that there is always an unambiguous operating state, it is necessary that the switch at one certain control voltage switches and with a control variable different from this control voltage switches back again. The switching operations must occur abruptly when a certain The threshold value of the control voltage or control variable has been reached, whereupon the new switch position also occurs must remain stable in the case of control voltages deviating from this threshold value by certain amounts.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein elektronischer Schwellenschalter, bei dem mehrere stabile Zustände durch Anlegen von Steuerspannungen an die Steuereingänge einer aus mehreren Transistoren bestehenden Kippschaltung mit einer Ruhelage erzielbar sind. Es ist zwar eine Röhrenschaltung bekannt, die drei miteinander gekoppelte Röhrenstufen besitzt und bei der jede Stufe durch Triggerimpulse gesteuert werden kann, so daß jede Stufe in bezug zu ihrer benachbarten Stufe in den einen oder anderen stabilen Zustand überführt wird. Mit dieser bekannten Schaltanordnung, die für jede Schaltstellung einen getrennten Triggereingang besitzt, ist es aber nicht möglich, die drei Schaltstellungen durch eine oder zwei sich langsam ändernde Gleichspannungen herzustellen. Auch nimmt die bekannte Röhrenschaltung nicht von selbst wieder die mittlere Schaltstellung ein, wenn die Steuerspannungen Null werden.The invention relates to an electronic threshold switch in which several stable states by applying control voltages to the control inputs of one consisting of several transistors Toggle switching can be achieved with a rest position. A tube circuit is known, the three with each other Has coupled tube stages and each stage is controlled by trigger pulses can, so that each stage transfers to one or the other stable state with respect to its neighboring stage will. With this known switching arrangement, a separate trigger input for each switching position has, but it is not possible to change the three switch positions by one or two slowly changing Establish DC voltages. Also, the well-known tube circuit does not automatically take the again middle switch position on when the control voltages become zero.
Der Schwellenschalter nach der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für alle Transistoren der Halbleiteranordnung ein gemeinsamer Emitterwiderstand und gesonderte Kollektorwiderstände vorgesehen sind, daß die Basis des einen Transistors an einem an die Betriebsspannung angeschlossenen Spannungsteiler liegt und die Basen der anderen Transistoren an von den Kollektoren abgehende Spannungsteiler angeschlossen sind und daß eine oder mehrere Steuergleichspannungen über Vorwiderstände den Basen der letztgenannten Transistoren zuführbar sind. Drei Schaltzustände können z. B. so erzielt werden, daß entweder einer von drei Transistoren allein Strom leitet oder so, daß immer jeweils zwei Transistoren Strom leiten und einer gesperrt ist. Die über den Kollektorwiderständen der Transistoren gegebenenfalls abfallenden Gleichspannungen können beispielsweise zur Betätigung von Schalttransistoren, die den Regel-The threshold switch according to the invention is characterized in that for all transistors Semiconductor arrangement provided a common emitter resistor and separate collector resistors are that the base of one transistor is connected to a voltage divider connected to the operating voltage and the bases of the other transistors are connected to voltage dividers going out from the collectors are and that one or more DC control voltages via series resistors to the bases of the the latter transistors can be supplied. Three switching states can e.g. B. can be achieved that either one of three transistors conducts current alone or so that there are always two transistors Conduct electricity and one is blocked. The over the collector resistances of the transistors if necessary falling DC voltages can be used, for example, to operate switching transistors that control the
Dreifachstabiler
elektronischer SchwellenschalterTriple stable
electronic threshold switch
Anmelder:Applicant:
Philips Patentverwaltung G.m.b.H.,
Hamburg 1, Mönckebergstr. 7Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH,
Hamburg 1, Mönckebergstr. 7th
Dipl.-Ing. Gottfried Grunwaldt, Hamburg,
ist als Erfinder genannt wordenDipl.-Ing. Gottfried Grunwaldt, Hamburg,
has been named as the inventor
Vorgang ein- und ausschalten, in vorteilhafter Weise verwendet werden.Switching the process on and off can be used in an advantageous manner.
Die Zeichnung zeigt ein Schaltbeispiel eines dreifachstabilen Schwellenschalters.The drawing shows a switching example of a triple stable threshold switch.
Die Halbleiteranordnung besteht aus drei Transistoren, vorzugsweise Flächentransistoren 1, 2, 3, die einen gemeinsamen Emitterwiderstand 4 und gesonderte Kollektorwiderstände 5, 6, 7 besitzen. In die Kollektorzuleitungen können außerdem Schalttransitoren mit ihrer Basis-Emitter-Strecke eingefügt werden, mit denen z. B. ein Motor auf Links- und Rechtslauf oder Stillstand gesteuert werden kann. Die Basis des Transistors 2 liegt an einem Spannungsteiler 8, 9, während den Basen der Transistorenl und 3 über die Widerstände 10 und 11 die Steuergleichspannungen zugeführt werden. Den Eingängen I und II werden zwei, auf Masse (+-Pol) bezogen, negative Steuergleichspannungen zugeführt. Solange beide S teuer spannungen klein sind, wird nur der Transistor 2 Strom leiten. Der relativ niederohmige Spannungsteiler 8, 9 hält das Potential der Basis des Transistors 2 und damit auch das gemeinsame Emitterpotential der drei Transistoren 1, 2, 3 sowie die Summe aller Emitterströme konstant. Die Kollektorwiderstände 5, 6, 7 sind so bemessen, daß die Kollektor-Emitter-Spannung des zugehörigen Transistors sehr klein wird, wenn dieser allein den Strom leitet. Wenn nun die negative Steuerspannung am Eingang I so weit erhöht wird, daß die Basis des Transistors 1 negativer als die des Transistors 2 wird, dann wird die Stromleitung sprungartig von Transistor 2 auf den Transistor 1 übergehen. Das plötzliche Überkippen wird durch Kopplungen zwischen den Transistoren bewirkt, indem die Basen der beiden Transistoren 1 und 3 an hochohmige Spannungsteiler 12,13,13' bzw. 14,15, 15', die zwischen Masse und den KollektorenThe semiconductor arrangement consists of three transistors, preferably flat transistors 1, 2, 3, which have a common emitter resistor 4 and separate collector resistors 5, 6, 7. Switching transistors with their base-emitter path can also be inserted into the collector leads, with which z. B. a motor can be controlled to clockwise and anticlockwise rotation or standstill. The base of the transistor 2 is connected to a voltage divider 8, 9, while the bases of the transistors 1 and 3 are supplied with the DC control voltages via the resistors 10 and 11. Inputs I and II are fed with two negative DC control voltages, referred to ground (+ pole). As long as both S expensive voltages are low, only transistor 2 will conduct current. The relatively low-resistance voltage divider 8, 9 keeps the potential of the base of the transistor 2 and thus also the common emitter potential of the three transistors 1, 2, 3 and the sum of all emitter currents constant. The collector resistors 5, 6, 7 are dimensioned in such a way that the collector-emitter voltage of the associated transistor becomes very small when this alone conducts the current. If the negative control voltage at input I is increased to such an extent that the base of transistor 1 becomes more negative than that of transistor 2, then the current line will jump over from transistor 2 to transistor 1. The sudden overturning is caused by couplings between the transistors by connecting the bases of the two transistors 1 and 3 to high-resistance voltage dividers 12, 13, 13 'and 14, 15, 15', which are between ground and the collectors
909 558/303909 558/303
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1958P0020426 DE1059959B (en) | 1958-03-29 | 1958-03-29 | Triple stable electronic threshold switch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1958P0020426 DE1059959B (en) | 1958-03-29 | 1958-03-29 | Triple stable electronic threshold switch |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1059959B true DE1059959B (en) | 1959-06-25 |
Family
ID=591460
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1958P0020426 Pending DE1059959B (en) | 1958-03-29 | 1958-03-29 | Triple stable electronic threshold switch |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE1059959B (en) |
-
1958
- 1958-03-29 DE DE1958P0020426 patent/DE1059959B/en active Pending
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