DE1058773B - Piezoelectric ceramic transducer element - Google Patents
Piezoelectric ceramic transducer elementInfo
- Publication number
- DE1058773B DE1058773B DEW16555A DEW0016555A DE1058773B DE 1058773 B DE1058773 B DE 1058773B DE W16555 A DEW16555 A DE W16555A DE W0016555 A DEW0016555 A DE W0016555A DE 1058773 B DE1058773 B DE 1058773B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- ceramic
- transducer
- polarization
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 -Potassium niobate Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(O)=O)=NN1 WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(oxo)titanium;lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002112 ferroelectric ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- UYLYBEXRJGPQSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;oxido(dioxo)niobium Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O UYLYBEXRJGPQSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
- B06B1/0611—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements in a pile
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G7/00—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by non-mechanical means; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G7/02—Electrets, i.e. having a permanently-polarised dielectric
- H01G7/025—Electrets, i.e. having a permanently-polarised dielectric having an inorganic dielectric
- H01G7/026—Electrets, i.e. having a permanently-polarised dielectric having an inorganic dielectric with ceramic dielectric
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
- H04R17/005—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers using a piezoelectric polymer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/50—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure
- H10N30/503—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure having a non-rectangular cross-section in a plane orthogonal to the stacking direction, e.g. polygonal or circular in top view
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/88—Mounts; Supports; Enclosures; Casings
- H10N30/886—Additional mechanical prestressing means, e.g. springs
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Description
DEUTSCHESGERMAN
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf piezoelektrische keramische Wandlerelemente, deren Hauptbestandteil ein ferroelektrischer Stoff von Perovskitstruktur ist; Ein hervorragendes Beispiel für derartige Stoffe ist Bariumtitanat. Außerdem gehören Cadmiumniobat, Bleimetaniobat, Bleititanat, Lithiumniobat, Lithiumtantalat, -Kaliumniobat, Kaliumtantalat, ' Natriumniobat und· Wolframtrioxyd zu der- Gruppe dieser Stoffe. ·The invention relates to piezoelectric ceramic transducer elements, the main component thereof is a ferroelectric substance of perovskite structure; An excellent example of such substances is Barium titanate. Also include cadmium niobate, lead metaniobate, lead titanate, lithium niobate, lithium tantalate, -Potassium niobate, potassium tantalate, 'sodium niobate and · tungsten trioxide to the group of these Fabrics. ·
Das Ziel der Erfindung ist es, den elektromechanischen Kopplungsfaktor von· Wandlern der bezeichneten Art zu erhöhen. Dies gelingt dadurch, daß erfindungsgemäß druckausübende Mittel das Wandlerelement im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Polarisationsrichtung dauernd zusammendrücken. An bevorzugten Ausführungen ist das druckausübende-Mittel eine das Wandlerelement umgebende Flüssigkeit oder ein am Umfang des Wandlerelements aufgeschrumpftes Metallband. The aim of the invention is to increase the electromechanical coupling factor of transducers of the type indicated. This is achieved in that pressure-exerting means according to the invention permanently compress the transducer element essentially perpendicular to the direction of polarization. In preferred embodiments, the pressure - exerting means is a liquid surrounding the transducer element or a metal band shrunk onto the circumference of the transducer element.
Die erfindungsgemäße Maßnahme gewährleistet zusätzlich zu der Erhöhung des elektromechanischen Kopplungsfaktors des Wandlers eine höhere Druckfestigkeit des Keramikelements und damit eine größere Belastbarkeit.The measure according to the invention ensures in addition to increasing the electromechanical Coupling factor of the transducer a higher compressive strength of the ceramic element and thus a higher one Resilience.
Die Erfindung wird an Hand der ins einzelne gehenden Erläuterung und der Zeichnungen besser verständlich werden.The invention can be better understood with reference to the detailed explanation and the drawings will.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Prüf apparatur, die zur Darstellung des Erfindungsprinzips verwendet wird,Fig. 1 shows a test apparatus which is used to illustrate the principle of the invention,
Fig. 2 eine Ausführung der Erfindung, bei der ein Druck hydraulisch auf eine Wandlereinrichtung ausgeübt wird, die aus einer zylindrischen Säule von ferroelektrischen Keramikelementen besteht,Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the invention in which pressure is hydraulically applied to a transducer device consisting of a cylindrical column of ferroelectric ceramic elements,
Fig. 3 A eine andere Ausführung der Erfindung, die aus einer scheibenförmigen Platte aus ferroelektrischem Keramikmaterial mit einem auf dem Umfang aufgeschrumpften Metallband besteht,Fig. 3A shows another embodiment of the invention, which consists of a disk-shaped plate of ferroelectric Ceramic material with a metal band shrunk onto the circumference,
Fig. 3 B die Ausführung der Fig. 3 A mit Elektrodenbefestigungen. FIG. 3 B shows the embodiment of FIG. 3 A with electrode attachments.
Keramische Wandler aus ferroelektrischem Material von Perovskitstruktur erhalten ihre piezoelektrische Eigenschaft durch Polarisation im elektrischen Feld. Dabei werden ungefähr ein Drittel der elektrischen Domänen in die Hauptrichtung der elektrischen Polarisation ausgerichtet, während die übrigen Domänen nach einer Zufallsverteilung orientiert sind. Da die Gitterkonstante des ferroelektrischen Stoffes in der Polarisationsrichtung verschieden von derjenigen senkrecht hierzu ist, entsteht bei der Anpassung der Domänen eine mechanische Spannung.Ceramic transducers made of ferroelectric material with a perovskite structure get their piezoelectric Property due to polarization in an electric field. This will be about a third of the electrical Domains aligned in the main direction of electrical polarization, while the other domains are oriented according to a random distribution. Since the lattice constant of the ferroelectric The material is different in the direction of polarization from that perpendicular to it, arises during the adaptation mechanical tension of the domains.
Der Einfluß eines äußeren Drucks auf diese Spannung und auf die piezoelektrischen Eigenschaften des Wandlerelements wurde durch Anlegen eines Drucks von 350 kg/cm2 an das Wandlerelement in Polari-The influence of external pressure on this voltage and on the piezoelectric properties of the transducer element was determined by applying a pressure of 350 kg / cm 2 to the transducer element in polar
Piezoelektrisches keramisches
WandlerelementPiezoelectric ceramic
Transducer element
• Anmelder: ·
Western Electric Company,• Applicant: ·
Western Electric Company,
Incorporated,
New York, N.Y. (V. St. A;)Incorporated,
New York, NY (V. St. A;)
Vertreter: Dipl.-Ing. H. Fecht1 Patentanwalt, Wiesbaden, Hohenlohestr. 21 Representative: Dipl.-Ing. H. Fecht 1 patent attorney, Wiesbaden, Hohenlohestr. 21
Beanspruchte Priorität: V. St. v. Amerika, vom 21·. Juni 1-954Claimed priority: V. St. v. America, from 21. June 1-954
Warren Perry Mason1 West Orange, N. J. (V. St. A.), ist als Erfinder genannt wordenWarren Perry Mason 1 West Orange, NJ (V. St. A.) has been named as the inventor
sationsrichtung - nachgewiesen. Dies wurde in einer Spannungsanordnung durchgeführt, wie sie in Fig. 1 der Zeichnung dargestellt ist. Ein kubisches Bariumtitanat-Keramikelement 1, das in der durch den Pfeil angegebenen Richtung polarisiert war, wurde zwischen zwei Stahlblöcke 2 und 3 angeordnet, so daß ein Druck gleichmäßig an gegenüberliegenden Oberflächen der Probe 1 in Richtung ihrer Polarisation • durch Betätigung der Einstellschrauben 4 und 5 angelegt wurde. Messungen der Änderung der piezoelektrischen Konstante des zusammengedrückten Keramikelements 1 zeigten, daß dieser Vorgang eine Bewegung der Domänewände in solcher Richtung verursachte, daß die Polarisation verringert wurde.sation direction - proven. This was done in a voltage arrangement as shown in Figure 1 of the drawing. A cubic barium titanate ceramic element 1, which was polarized in the direction indicated by the arrow, was placed between two steel blocks 2 and 3 so that a pressure was applied uniformly on opposite surfaces of the sample 1 in the direction of their polarization • by operating the adjusting screws 4 and 5 was created. Measurements of the change in the piezoelectric constant of the compressed ceramic element 1 showed that this action caused the domain walls to move in such a direction that the polarization was reduced.
Umgekehrt stellte man fest, daß eine Dehnung in Polarisationsrichtung oder eine Zusammendrückung senkrecht zur Polarisationsrichtung eine Bewegung der Domänenwände in solcher Richtung bewirkte, daß - die polarisierten Flächen größer wurden. Dies wurde ebenfalls bei der Spannungsanordnung der Fig. 1 nachgewiesen, indem zusätzlich zu den durch die Einstellschrauben 4 und 5 'beeinflußten1 Blöcke 2 und 3 zwei weitere Blöcke 6 und 7 verwendet wurden, die durch die Einstellschrauben 8 und 9 beeinflußt wur-Conversely, it was found that an expansion in the direction of polarization or a compression perpendicular to the direction of polarization caused a movement of the domain walls in such a direction that the polarized surfaces became larger. This has also been demonstrated in the case of the tension arrangement of FIG. 1, in that, in addition to the 1 blocks 2 and 3 influenced by the adjusting screws 4 and 5 ', two further blocks 6 and 7 were used, which were influenced by the adjusting screws 8 and 9.
50. den. Diese beiden Blockpaare üben bei gleichzeitiger " Betätigung einen Druck senkrecht zur Polarisationsrichtung der kubischen Bariumtitanatprobe 1 aus, der in diesem Falle senkrecht zur Zeichnungsebene liegt. Bei dieser Belastung wurde eine Erhöhung des elek- 50th the. When pressed simultaneously, these two pairs of blocks exert a pressure perpendicular to the direction of polarization of the cubic barium titanate sample 1 , which in this case is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
909 529/130909 529/130
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US776498XA | 1954-06-21 | 1954-06-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1058773B true DE1058773B (en) | 1959-06-04 |
Family
ID=22139280
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEW16555A Pending DE1058773B (en) | 1954-06-21 | 1955-04-26 | Piezoelectric ceramic transducer element |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE1058773B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB776498A (en) |
| NL (2) | NL103781C (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1208368B (en) * | 1962-08-30 | 1966-01-05 | Hans List Dipl Ing Dr Techn | Piezoelectric force meter |
| US3396285A (en) * | 1966-08-10 | 1968-08-06 | Trustees Of The Ohio State Uni | Electromechanical transducer |
| DE1291547B (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1969-03-27 | Aerojet General Co | Method for preloading ultrasonic transducers |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9104883D0 (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1991-06-12 | British Aerospace | Flextensional sonar transducers |
| DE102005042520A1 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2006-03-30 | Denso Corp., Kariya | Stacked piezoelectric element and method of making same |
-
0
- NL NL195880D patent/NL195880A/xx unknown
- NL NL103781D patent/NL103781C/xx active
-
1955
- 1955-04-26 DE DEW16555A patent/DE1058773B/en active Pending
- 1955-06-17 GB GB17555/55A patent/GB776498A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1208368B (en) * | 1962-08-30 | 1966-01-05 | Hans List Dipl Ing Dr Techn | Piezoelectric force meter |
| DE1291547B (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1969-03-27 | Aerojet General Co | Method for preloading ultrasonic transducers |
| US3396285A (en) * | 1966-08-10 | 1968-08-06 | Trustees Of The Ohio State Uni | Electromechanical transducer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL195880A (en) | |
| GB776498A (en) | 1957-06-05 |
| NL103781C (en) |
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