DE1055047B - Printer device for teleprinter for writing consecutive print lines by means of a continuously rotating type wheel - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a printer device for Teleprinter for writing successive lines of print by means of a type wheel that rotates continuously for the purpose of increased working speed. The type wheel has rows of printing types on its circumference and works with a number of printing hammer devices together ,, which face the type series.

This so-called flying imprint by means of a continuously rotating type wheel is already in itself known. However, the known device is a strip chart recorder. Accordingly, it is sufficient a type wheel that only carries a single row of printing types. The characters are running along the The direction of advance of a narrow strip of paper is printed.

If such a flying imprint is to be used in a teleprinter, which is to be printed with individual lines of print across the sheet of paper, the type wheel must obviously be designed as a roller that has as many rows of print types on its circumference as there are characters in one line meant to be. Each printing type row is then opposed to a printing hammer, and the printing hammers are made ready for operation one after the other. ■ It is not easy to ensure that the successive characters are printed by the constantly rotating type wheel at the right moment along the relevant print line. The difficulties caused by this, however, can be overcome more easily if one considers that the combination steps of a received character or the associated printed letter on the type wheel in the telegraph alphabet can also be interpreted as binary numbers if you give them the digits O ¹ (no electricity) and 1 (electricity). If the printed characters are arranged on the type wheel in such a way that they correspond to a continuous series of binary numbers, a binary counter that counts the characters that have reached the printing position one after the other can be used to generate the character and separation steps or potentials which correspond to the successive printed characters, so that these voltage levels can be compared with the stored character and separator steps of a received character. When a match is achieved, the appropriate print hammer device is then actuated.

Accordingly, the printer device according to the invention is characterized in that the individual Print types in the type series of the continuously rotating type wheel in such order-printer device for sheet TV or for writing successive ones

Print lines by means of a constantly

revolving type wheel

Applicant:

Teletype Corporation,
Chicago, IU. (V. St. A.)

Representative: Dipl.-Ing. G. Weinhausen, patent attorney, Munich 22, Widenmayerstr. 46

Claimed priority:
V. St. v. America March 29, 1956

William Patrick Byrnes, Glenview, 111. (V. St. Α.),
has been named as the inventor

are arranged so that the various combinations of the separation state (0) and the character state (1) expressive tensions which correspond to the characters of the successive types of printing in the telegraph alphabet corresponding to a sequence of continuously increasing binary numbers (combinations of the digits 0 and 1) correspond, and that a binary counter supplied by the rotating type wheel Counting pulses is actuated, the type wheel selects the successive print types in the print position compared to the print hammer devices, serves, one after the other, in a character-distinguishing circle the potential combinations of steps 0 and 1, which are the telegraphic characters of the successive characters correspond. These combinations of the states 0 and 1 become potentials corresponding to compared one after the other with that potential combination in the character discrimination circle, which corresponds to a received character which is below in the character discrimination circle Control has been stored by a control circuit responding to the characters received, for this purpose one upon receipt of each telegraphic character assigned to one character Emits transmission pulse. As soon as there is agreement between the compared potential

809 790/236

combinations is achieved, generates the character discrimination circle a character discrimination pulse which is used to actuate the print hammer device in question via one of the print hammer devices one after the other is used to make the pressure distributor ready for operation. The operational stage of this pressure distributor is to get the characters to print side by side on one sheet, advanced by means of a pressure distribution pulse, which is also supplied by the control circuit every time a telegraphic character assigned to a character arrives.

The control circuit is preferably set up so that when receiving telegraphic characters that do not actually mean characters (apart from space characters), the transmission pulses and pressure distribution pulses be suppressed. When space characters are received, only the transmission pulses are received suppressed, whereby the operational stage of the pressure distributor is switched to the required Create space between successive printed characters.

The counting pulses for the binary counter are most easily obtained from magnetic scanners supplied, which are excited by projections on an index wheel, which is attached to the constantly revolving Type wheel is attached.

In the practical embodiment of the invention described below, there are several character discrimination circles provided so that the successive characters in different Distinguishing circles are stored, while each character distinguishing circle is stored with a other print hammer unit -connected, in such a way that during a single revolution of the type wheel multiple characters can be printed by the print hammer devices.

The continuously rotating type wheel is z. B. provided with 75 circumferential rows of printed characters, which cooperate with 75 print hammer devices, so that a maximum of 75 characters in every type line. The operating speed of the printing mechanism when using a single character discrimination circle is about 250 words per minute; but if three If character discrimination circles are provided, a speed of 750 words can be achieved reach every minute. By using additional character distinctive circles, a correspondingly higher working speed can be achieved.

Further features of the invention emerge from the following detailed description of the aforementioned exemplary embodiment in conjunction with the drawings. In the drawing shows

Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the Printer device according to the invention,

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a memory and Character distinction circle,

3 shows a schematic representation of the control unit,

4 shows a schematic representation of the binary counter,

5 and 5 A the binary counter combinations and corresponding characters,

6 is a sectional view of the sheet-form recorder;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the printer device used in the sheet writer shown in Fig. 6;

8 and 9 are views of the index wheel and the magnetic scanning device,

FIGS. 10, 11 and 12, placed next to one another, show the electrical circuit of the reception distributor,

Fig. 13 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the index pins on the index wheel, which with the magnetic Scanning devices interact,

Fig. 14, 15, 16 and 17 placed next to each other the electrical Circuit of a character discrimination circle,

18, 19 and 20, placed next to one another, show the electrical circuit of the control circuit,

Figs. 21, 22 and 23 juxtaposed the electrical circuit of the binary counter and

24, 25 and 26 juxtaposed the electrical circuit of a thyratron-controlled pressure circuit device.

general description

so an electronic receiving distributor 65 (Fig. 1) receives a start-stop character from a transmitter (not shown) via the character line 53 and converts it this character into a parallel (or five-digit) code combination after the start and Stop pulses have been removed from the character.

As shown in Fig. 1, the combination

steps via the output 66 (which is shown schematically as a five-wire output) three memory and Character discrimination circles 67, 68 and 69 as well as one. Control circuit 71 supplied. The lock step is also fed separately to the control circuit 71 via the line 72. The memory and character disparity units 67, 68 and 69 are identical to one another and, as shown in FIG. 2, each consist of six storage elements 73, character discrimination circles and a switchgear distributor 74 consisting of 25 elements. The Scha.ltverteilerelemente 75 are numbered as in unit 67, in which the numbers refer to character printing positions refer to which the unit 67 is assigned. The unit 68 therefore has the numbers 2, 5, 8, 11 etc. and the unit 69 the numbers 3, 6, 9, 12 etc. The main function of the units. 67, 68 and 69 consists in the adoption of the step combination from the receiving unit 65, in the recognition or differentiation of the character and in the supply of an ignition pulse to the correct thyratron-controlled pressure circuit, as follows from the following. This ignition pulse is hereinafter referred to as character distinguishing or Identified pulse.

The individual transmission and incremental pulses are sent to the switching distributors 74 of the units 67, 68 and 69 supplied from the control unit 71. The transmission pulse causes the storage of the character, the correct thyratron-controlled during the incremental pulse by continuing the switching distributor Printed circuit prepared for receiving the character-distinguishing pulse.

The control unit 71 (Fig. 3) determines which of the Storage units 67, 68 and 69 are intended to store the combination steps from the reception distributor 65. For example, the first character in a print line is in the unit 67, the second in the unit 68 and the third stored in the unit 69. Before the fourth character is received, will the first character is printed, and, if the memory unit 67 is free, the fourth character is therefore stored in the storage unit 67. All operations in the storage unit 71 are made by the reception

of the locking step initiated by the receive distributor 65 via the line 72 (FIG. 2).

In addition, the control unit 71 (Fig. 5) distinguishes characters corresponding to various operations and initiates their execution, e.g. B. the operating symbols for letters, digits, carriage return, space, blank, line feed, engine shutdown and bell. Further operating characters can be provided for the optional double line feed and the automatic carriage return and line feed. Switching between letters and numbers is done by adding a sixth step to each character after the combination of numbers has been received. This sixth step goes to the sixth memory element 73 (FIG. 4) in the memory units 67, 68 and 69 and converts the five-step character into a six-step character. For all operating characters with the exception of the space sign, the printing and the space formation must be suppressed and therefore the lock step suppression circuit must be actuated. This prevents the step combination from being stored and also prevents the switching distributor 74 from being supplied with pulses. The space character circle represented by line 76 (Fig. 3) only operates the transmit pulse suppression circuit and only prevents the step combination from being stored. The switching distributor pulse is not suppressed. This results in a space in the type line, but no printing process.

The role of the binary counter shown in FIG is to tell the memory and character discrimination units 67, 68 and 69 which one Character on the type wheel is in the print position. The count or index pulses from the index wheel 123 (Fig. 1) on the character wheel shaft 102 (Fig. 7) advance the six-stage binary counter 77, which is shown in Fig. 4 is shown schematically. With one revolution of the type wheel, as can be seen from the The following results in 63 index or counting pulses generated, namely 52 pulses for the 52 character positions or fields on the type wheel, ten pulses for the non-printing characters (Operational symbol.), For which there is no space or no fields on the. Type wheel are provided, and one Pulse to reset the binary counter 77 to zero. There are no separate Counting pulses are generated, namely for the "blank" character and for the "letter shift character, which are in the Baudot alphabet are provided and which at the beginning and at the end of the distinction cycle occur because neither of these two impulses would serve a useful purpose and instead the Reset pulse is provided.

The characters on the type wheel are like this arranged that their step combinations correspond in the order of their binary counting. Fig. 5 and 5A show the characters, their step combinations and their order. With a full. revolution of the character wheel, the binary counter is based on the step combination of each character on the The type wheel is set when the character reaches the printing position. The output voltages off the binary counter 17 is used to identify the character discrimination circles, the three memory and character discrimination units 67, 68 and 69 are supplied. If the stored step combinations with the step combination from the binary counter 77 coincides, the character discrimination circles generate a pulse that the thyratron controlled Makes pressure circuits 78, 79 and 81 conductive, as can be seen from the following.

Regarding the principle of the binary counter, it should be mentioned that a

"Binary counter" is a device based on the dual system; i.e., it will be used for representation only uses two digits for a number. These digits are "zero" (0) and "one" (1). The following will a comparison is given to the decimal system, which uses ten digits for the writing of numbers

ίο used:

Decimal system Dual system 0 0 1 1 2 10 3 11 4th 100 5 101 6th 110 7th 111 8th 1000 9 1001 10 1010

Each level of the binary counter can only be in one of two states: either "0" or "1". A two-stage counter can therefore represent the numbers 0, 1, 2 and 3 or, with other words, can represent four possible combinations. The extension to a five-stage counter results in 32 possible combinations and the extension to a six-stage counter results in 64 combinations. In general, the "one" (1) in the dual system indicates a "character stream" state in the telegraph alphabet and the "zero" (0) a "separating stream" state. The electronic circuitry of the binary counter 77 is shown in FIGS. 21, 22 and 23 and is described in more detail below. The thyratron-controlled pressure circuits (FIG. 1) form three units 78, 79 and 81, each of which contains 25 thyratron-controlled pressure circuits. The 25 thyratron-controlled printing circuits of the unit 78 excite the print control magnets 121, which control printing in the sheet positions 1, 4, 7, etc. to 73, the 25 thyratron-controlled printing circuits in the unit 79 excite the magnets 121, which control printing in the sheet positions 2, Control 5, 8, etc. to 74, while the 25 thyratron-controlled pressure circuits in the unit 81 excite the magnets 121, which control the printing in the sheet positions 3, 6, 9 to 75. Since 75 thyratron-controlled pressure circuits and pressure control magnets are provided, the line length consists of 75 characters. The character-distinguishing pulses from the memory and character-distinguishing unit 67 go to all 25 thyratron-controlled pressure circuits in the unit 78. The respective thyratron, which is to be ignited by a character-distinguishing pulse, is switched by the switching distributor 74 in the memory and character- Discrimination unit 67 selected. The memory and character discrimination units 68 and 69 are similarly associated with the units 79 and 81. In addition to the thyratron-controlled pressure circuits, the thyratron unit 79 has an additional thyratron-controlled ringing circuit and the thyratron unit 81 has two additional thyratron in a line feed circuit. If desired, an additional thyratron-controlled pressure circuit can be provided in each thyratron unit to extend the length of the line from 75 to 78 characters.

The printer device and its circuitry will now be described in detail.

The printer setup

The printer device shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 consists of a multiple type wheel 101, a row of print hammers 107 (Fig. 7), a print hammer drive wheel: 113, a paper conveyor device (Fig. 6), a ribbon conveyor device (not shown) and from one of the character wheel shaft 102 assigned Pulse generator (Figs. 8 and 9).

The multiple type wheel 101 consists of 75 (or 78) similar type wheel sections that are placed on the shaft 102 are wedged so that they are set in rotation by this at a certain speed will. Each character wheel section has 52 character fields 104 around its circumference and is wedged onto the shaft in such a way that the corresponding character fields are on the following Character wheel sections are in alignment in a direction parallel to the length of shaft 102.

The paper 103 is fed by the paper feed T direction fed so that it is tangential to the circumference of the multiple type wheel 101, while the Ink ribbon 106 is arranged between the paper 103 and the print hammers 107.

A print hammer unit, as shown in FIG. 7, is assigned to each of the aforementioned character wheel sections. For the sake of simplicity, only one such unit is described below, from of which a total of 75 (or 78) are planned. There are two print hammer guides on the sheet printer frame 108 suitably arranged in which the print hammers 107 are slidable. Each hammer 107 is held in its retracted position by a spring 109.

In each print hammer assembly, a print hammer pawl 111 is slidably disposed at 114 on a Intermediate piece 116 pivotable, which in turn is attached to one end of an anchor extension 117 is hinged. The anchor extension 117 is arranged so that it can be pivoted with a Moved armature 118, which is opposite a pressure control device 121 and through its spring 119, normally pivoted counterclockwise when magnet 121 is not energized is held. The print hammer drive wheel 113, which is formed with a number of teeth 115, is above a nose 112 of the pawl 111 is arranged and is rotating at a constant speed offset. The speed of rotation of the drive wheel 113 is related to that of the multiple type wheel 101 in such a way that a tooth moves past the pawl nose 112 for each type wheel character 104 > ever. moving past the surface of hammer 107.

As FIGS. 8 and 9 show, an index or counting wheel 123 is keyed onto the shaft 102 of the multiple type wheel 101. The counting wheel 123 is provided with three rows of teeth 124. Each row of these teeth is assigned a magnetic scanning device 126, which is connected by lines to the binary counter 77, described in more detail below, in order to supply pulses to it. The inner row has 52 equally spaced teeth which correspond to the character fields on the multiple type wheel 101. The middle row has nine teeth, which are used to deliver additional impulses, nni switch the binary counter past those character combinations that do not correspond to any characters to be printed. The outer row carries a single tooth, the task of which is to reset the binary counter to zero at the correct point in each print cycle.

The paper feed is shown in FIG. The paper 103 is stored on a roll 151 which is on a spindle 152 is arranged. The spindle 152 is mounted in a bearing 153 and carries on its one

id end, a brake drum 154 against which a brake shoe 156 is pressed by the cooperation of a spring 157 and a lever 158. The paper 103 is conducted under a Kolle 159 which is fixed to the end of a lever 161, on which a spring acts 163, so ¹ that the paper 103 is constantly kept under tension. The lever 161 is designed with a cam surface 162 with which a cam roller at the lower end of the lever 158 cooperates in order to move the paper with

to run at different speeds.

From roller 159, the paper runs around rollers 164 and 166 through a lower guide 167 through and over an upper guide 168 and from this around a paper feed roller 169. On the Paper feed roller 169 is the paper by pressure rollers. 171 and 172 held in support, which is counteracted by a spring 173 acting via a lever 174 the conveyor roller 169 are pressed.

The further movement of the paper 103 takes place by the rotation of the paper feed roller 169, which optionally through the interaction of two eccentrically mounted pawls 176 with a conveyor roller gear 177, which is attached to the conveyor roller 169. A line feed clutch 178, which in the illustrated embodiment disengages one six times with each revolution Coupling is is arranged on a coupling shaft 179. The shaft 179 is for example driven by the character wheel shaft 102.

The line switch is carried out when a line switch magnet 181 of the following in detail described control unit 71 is briefly excited due to the line symbol. The excitement of the magnet 181 has the consequence that its armature 182 is moved in the direction of the magnet 181, whereby a clutch release lever 183 clockwise counter to the action of the on. attacking spring 184 is pivoted so that the coupling 178 performs a rotary movement. Since the magnet 181 only is briefly excited, the lever 183 is pivoted back into its locking position by its spring 184, before the clutch 178 executes a sixth of a turn, with the result that the clutch after disengages one sixth of a turn.

Rotation of clutch 178 actuates pawls 176 to engage paper feed roller 169 to further rotate an angular amount and in this way to convey the paper 103. In operation will the multiple type wheel 101 (Figs. 7 and 9) rotated at a constant speed, while the Print hammer drive wheel 113 is rotated at a speed proportional to the speed of rotation of the type wheel 101 is so · that one of the teeth 115 of the drive wheel 113 is each time one of the character fields 104 moves past the printing position, is in a position in which the print hammer 107 can be operated. As mentioned, the binary counter 77 receives this Telegraphy signs and coordinates this with the. Pulses from counting wheel 123 (Fig. 8). Through the impulses

from the counting wheel. 123 the operation of the binary counter is made dependent on the respective position of the type wheel. Other circuits in the memory and sign distinguishing units 67, 68 and 69 determine the line field to be printed and ensure that the correct magnet 121 is energized at the correct time of the type wheel rotation.

The excitation of the respective magnet 121 has the consequence that it briefly attracts its armature against the action of the spring 119. When the armature 118 moves towards the magnet 121 , the armature extension 117 moves with it, so that the intermediate piece 116 is moved upwards. The print hammer pawl 111 is also moved upwards until a shoulder 110 on the intermediate piece 116 strikes a support on the frame 120. The pulse applied to magnet 121 is of such a duration that the magnet is de-energized before the upward movement of intermediate piece 116 and print hammer pawl 111 is completed under the action of the original drive. After completion of the upward movement, the extension 112 of the pawl 111 is in the path of a tooth 115 of the drive wheel 113, so that the pawl is pivoted counterclockwise and strikes an extension 122 of the print hammer 107 and moves the latter to the left so that it Ribbon 106 strikes the selected character field against the paper and thereby the characters are printed on the ribbon side of the paper. The relative masses of the pawl 111 and the hammer 107 are dimensioned so that the largest part of the inertia of the pawl 111 is used to give the hammer 107 a movement, so that their main movement after the action of the hammer 107 is under the action of the spring 119 is first directed downwards and then straight ahead under the action of the spring 127 , so that the movement by the drive wheel 113 is not impaired. To change the position of the pawl 111 , a counter-stop lever 125 and adjusting screws 130 are provided.

The receiver circuit

When in Fig. 10, 11 and. 12, the received start-stop characters reach a line relay circuit 300 of the reception distributor via the character line 270, which corresponds to the line 53 in FIG. The line current passes through one of resistors 303 and 301 for operation at 60 microamps, or through resistors 304 and 302 for operation with 20 microamps, depending on the position of input current switch 305. The voltage drop across a loop resistor 306 measured by a voltmeter gives an indication of line current. The task of the line relay is to convert the start-stop signs into a usable form and to galvanically isolate the receiving distribution circuits from the direct current source for the sign line.

About 6 volts are developed across resistor 301 by the 60 microamp line current or through resistor 302 by the 20 x microamp line current. A transistor 307, a winding 308 of a transformer 309 and a pot circle made up of a winding 311 of the transformer 309 and a capacitance 312 form an oscillator circuit. The oscillation frequency is around 68 kHz. The oscillation only occurs when a character stream symbol is received, with the line current providing all of the power. The 6 volts developed through resistor 301 or 302 is used as the collector voltage for transistor 307 . A transistor 313 must also be conductive for the transistor 307 in order to maintain the oscillation. The transistor 313 is controlled by a Zener diode 314 , the blocking resistance of which breaks down at 3 volts, causing the base of the transistor 313 to go positive

ίο is controlled so that the transistor 313 becomes conductive. The oscillation therefore only begins when the voltage across resistors 301 and 303 or 302 and 304 has built up to 3 volts. A sensitivity regulator consisting of a resistor 310 changes the level at which the transistor 313 can become conductive, and thus the point at which the reception distributor distinguishes a line current-separating current or separating current-symbol current transition. The output side of the line relay is inductively coupled to a winding 315 of the transformer 309.

The receive distributor shown in Figures 10 ', 11 and 12 is similar in many respects to one previously proposed. Circuit arrangement. The transistor 316 constituting the line relay amplifier, the transistors constituting the character equalizer. 317 and 318, the. Transistors 319 and 321 in FIG. 10, the start control gate circuit 322, the oscillator control transistors 323, 324 and 325, the start-stop oscillator 326 and the transistors 327 to 333 in FIG. 11, furthermore the sta, rt-stop- Distribution transistors 334 to 340, the gates 341 to 345, the memory erase amplifier 346 and the bistable memory circuits 347 to 351 in FIG. 12 are known per se, so that a detailed description of these parts of the receive distributor is dispensed with here.

InFig. 10, a switching device 352 is provided to switch on different timing capacitors 353 with the aim of changing the operating period for different telegraph speeds. In the same way, a switching device 354 is provided in FIG. 11, which serves to control the correct combination of inductances 355 with capacitances 356 in order to form the desired resonance circuit for word speeds of 60 to 750 words per minute in certain stages.

The output voltages of the reception distributor consist of ten combination potentials (five character step potentials and five separating step potentials) of. the ten collectors of the five bistable storage circuits 347 to 351 and from a pulse from a stop pulse transistor amplifier 357 (Fig. 12). The transistor 357 (a common collector amplifier) receives its input voltage from Transistör 340 which Sperrschrittransistor of the manifold 334 is to 340th The output voltage of the emitter of transistor 357 changes from -17 to -7 volts when transistor 340 becomes conductive. This output voltage is fed to terminal 358 via line 370 and is referred to as a "stop pulse". The terminals 359 to 368 have step potentials from the. bistable memory circuits 347 to 351 supplied. These potentials are -7 volts for character current conditions and -17 volts for isolation current conditions at the odd terminals. Digits and are opposite tensions on the. Terminals with even numbers and be exploited during the stop pulse interval of the distributor 334 to 340. The pace pulses went to the three memory and character discrimination units, 67, 68 and 69

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and to the control unit 71 ^ as follows from the following. The stop pulse goes to the control unit 71 (see Fig. 1).

The output voltage of the stop pulse amplifier 357 is also fed to an indicator amplifier (transistor) 369. The transistor 369 is conductive during the blocking step, so that the indicator lamp 371 flickers. The illumination of lamp 371 indicates that the receiving switch for receiving characters is in operation. A steady light indicates that the distributor is in the rest position and no characters are being received.

The memory and character distinguishing units

As already mentioned in connection with FIG. 1, the combination steps from the reception distributor 65 (the circuit of which has been described immediately above) are fed to the three memory and character discrimination units 67, 68 and 69, the main task of which is to convey the step combinations from the reception unit 65 record, distinguish or recognize the characters to be printed and deliver an ignition pulse (hereinafter referred to as character discrimination pulse) to the correct thj ratron-controlled printing circuit to carry out the printing process. In addition, the combination pulses from the reception distributor are also fed to the control unit 71. Furthermore, the stop pulse is also fed to the control unit 71 via the line 72 (FIG. 1). It should be mentioned here that the operation of the memory and character distinguishing units 67, 68 and 69 depends on the control unit 71 , which determines which of the memory units 67, 68 or 69 are to store the combination steps from the reception distributor. In the following, however, the circuits of the storage and differentiation units 67, 68 and 69 will first be described and then the control unit 71. A part of the following description will therefore only appear completely after the subsequent description of the control unit 71 .

The basic speed of the printing mechanism is approximately 250 words per minute, but a speed of 750 words per minute can be achieved if three characters are stored at the same time and these three characters are printed with an average of 120 ° apart during one revolution of the type wheel. The three storage positions are contained in the storage and character discrimination units 67, 68 and 69 . The circuit shown in FIGS. 14 to 17 is applicable to any of the three units 67, 68 or 69 , since they are similar, with the exception of unit 69, in which the 25th pressure distributor element emits a pulse for the automatic carriage return and the lines .

14 to 17 show six bistable memory circuits 401 to 406 which comprise the transistor pairs 407-408, 409-410, 411-412, 413-414, 415-416 and 417-418. Separate memory gates 421 to 426 are assigned to these circles 401 to 406. The input voltages to these six memory circuits 401 to 406 are provided by memory gates 421 to 426 , respectively. Each memory gate 421 to 426 is supplied with two input voltages, namely a step pulse and a transfer pulse. The step pulses for the memory gates 421 to 425 come from the receive distributor 65. A sixth step pulse for the memory gate 426 comes from the control unit 71 (as follows) and occurs only for ^ digits «. It takes effect upon receipt of the "digit" code and remains in effect until it becomes ineffective upon receipt of the "letter" code. These six step pulses are fed to the memory gates 421 to 426 of all three units 67, 68 and 69. The transfer pulse comes from the control unit 71,

However, ίο only goes to one of the three units 67, 68 or 69.

In the bistable memory circuits 401 to 406 , the left transistor is normally conductive, while the right transistor is normally non-conductive.

For example, in storage circuit 401, the voltage at the collector of transistor 407 is normally -7 volts. This represents an isolating current state. To transfer the circle to the character flashing state, in which transistor 407 is non-conductive (collector voltage -17VoIt) and transistor 408 is conductive (collector voltage -7VoIt), the base of transistor 407 must be supplied with a positive pulse. The output voltages from the storage circuits 401 to 406 are supplied to the pulse discrimination gates 431 to 436, respectively.

The memory gates 421 to 426, from which the memory circuits 401 to 406 take their transfer or toggle pulses, are "AND" or coincidence gates. The step pulses of -. 7 volts for the character stream state and -17VoIt for the separation flow condition which are derived from the combination of steps and the terminals supplied 359-368 in Figures 12 and fed via terminals 441 to 446 on the terminal board 450 are applied to the respective Gates 421 through 426 supplied. For the gate 421, for example, the step pulse is supplied via the rectifier 447. The other input voltage is the transfer pulse, which is a needle pulse which rises from -17 to -7 volts and is received by the control unit 71 . This transfer pulse arrives via terminal 448 and line 449 and is fed to rectifier 451 for gate 421. When this pulse is received, the output voltages of those gates 421 to 426, the step pulse inputs of which represent character current states (-7VoIt), switch from -17 to -7 volts for the duration of the transfer pulse. This positive change is conducted via a coupling capacitor and a diode (capacitor 452 and diode 453 for the gate 421) and becomes a positive pulse, which the respective storage circuit 401 to 406 into one. Character stream state flips. It is assumed that the received character is intended for the first character in a print line. This character must therefore be supplied to the first memory and character discrimination unit 67. As can be seen below, the actual supply is effected in the control unit 71 by means of a transfer pulse. The second received character is sent to the second memory unit 68 and the third character, in the print line, to the third memory unit 69. Accordingly, the fourth, seventh, tenth, thirteenth etc. received characters up to and including the 73rd character in the line of Unit 67 is supplied, the fifth, eighth, eleventh, etc. received characters up to the 74th character are supplied to unit 68.

Eventually the sixth, ninth, twelfth, etc.

13 14

received characters would have up to the 75th character, and the "separating current" - "AND" gate in the line of the unit 69 fed. Unit 67 would have delivered - 7 volts. So when she fully receives one. Transfer pulse from the first, constant step combination (every six steps) in fourth etc. characters, the unit 68 one of the memory circuits 401 to 406 with the combination given by the transfer pulse for the second, fifth etc. 5 binary counter 77 , and the Unit 69 receives a true, all pulse discrimination gates 431 transfer pulse for the third, sixth, etc. through 436 have an output voltage of -7 volts.
Characters. The period during which the step combination

After the step combination of a writing nation in the memory unit 67 with the step characters in the bistable. Circles 401 to 406 io combinations of the binary counter 77 have been compared, it is time this combination can begin as soon as a character is compared with the output of the binary counter 77 . Transfer pulse is stored. During this Fig. 5 and 5A show the order in which the period of time the type wheel 101 performs a full three-step combination supplied by the binary counter 77 and the six-stage binary counter 77 ends, and the order in which the font i5 runs through a complete counting cycle and runs through it in turn on the type wheel 101 at the printing point one after the other, which is moved past each character on. the step combination corresponding to the type wheel

There are six pulse discrimination gates 431 until characters are displayed in the binary counter 52 times

436 provided, one for each combination of this period. The output voltage

tion step. Each pulse discrimination gate 431 ^{80 of} the pulse discrimination gates 431 to 436 are

to 436 consists of two "AND" - or coincidences - the differential pulse amplifiers 471 to

gates and an "OR" gate (for ins positives 476 , which are fed to their base

going voltages.) and takes four input impulses. Their emitters therefore ever give

tensions on. Two of these input voltages, depending on the case, either have a voltage of

come from the collectors of the respective bistable % 5-7 or from -17 volts.

Storage circuits 401 to 406. The other two inputs As shown, the amplifiers 471 to 476 are assigned output voltages coming from the collectors of the rectifiers 481 to 486 . This Gleichjeweiligen stages of the six-stage Binärzäh.lerschal- rectifiers 481-486, together with a processing in the Binärzählereinheit 77. As will rectifier 487 (Fig. 14) in the conduit 488, described in, there is a Binärzählstufe of two 3o of the rectifier 481 to 486 are connected, one transistors in a bistable circuit. A pulse "AND" -Gate (character discrimination Gate), distinctive gate 431-436 provides a 7-volt its input voltages of the emitters of all voltage when the state of the respective bistable distinction pulse amplifier 471-476 kom memory device 401-406 with the respective men. Another input voltage is matched via the binary counter. 35 Terminal 489 of binary counter 77 (as follows

For example, in the case of the pulse separator (explained), one of the character switching pulses (-17 to rectifiers 454 and 455 and a resistor -7VoIt), which feeds the six-stage binary counter circuit 456, is the separating current "AND" gate going into the positive gate 431 Character stream sUNDe gate consists of advances. This pulse occurs at terminal 489 rectifiers. 457 and 458 and a resistor 40, every time the binary counter is switched to 459. The "OR" gate consists of the rectifiers, a step combination, the tern 461 and 462 and a resistor. 463. The output voltages of the "AND" gates form a character on the type wheel 101 , which is displayed (52 times per type wheel revolution). Input voltages to the "OR" gate. Let this pulse ensure that the character is taken, that the bistable memory circuit 401 is 45 discrimination gate in the character current state only at the moment the collector of the output voltage has a character transistor 407 has a voltage of -17 volts and the combination occurs first in the binary counter circuit, instead of the collector of transistor 408, a voltage of at any point in time while the circuit is in the

- Has 7 volts. There is a match or mentioned combination. Bring about the Schriftzeichenpassung for this condition, must have the 50 discriminating gate will only have an output the first stage of the binary counter 77 -17 volts above the voltage when the voltages of -7VoIt from terminal 465 to d; s rectifier 455 of the "separating all the emitters of the distinction pulse amplifier Strom "-Gates supply and -7-V-olt via the terminals 571 to 576 with the relatively narrow index 464 to the rectifier 458 of the" character current "or counting pulse (for example 50 microseconds) gate. The "character stream" gate supplies -7 volts at 55 collapse. The output pulse, which after the rectifier 462, since both input voltages exist as a character-distinguishing pulse

- 7 volts while the rectifier 461 is drawing, a voltage of -17 volts from the isolation gate is similar in shape to the counting pulse. This pulse is received through resistor 491 . The output voltage of the pulse step-down to the base of a display amplifier 492 is verscheidungsgates 431 - 7 volts, since one of the 60 prevented.

"OR" Gate Input Voltages - 7 volts The 492 display amplifier is primarily a

amounts to. If there is a mismatch between the amplifier for the indicator light 493 and in the second

Memory circuit 401 and the binary counter line passed a phase shifter for the character

has both "AND" gates and the output distinguishing pulse. This 10-volt pulse, which

voltage of the pulse discrimination gate 431 to 65 swings rather from -17 to -7 volts, controls the

—17 volts remained. Note, transistor amplifier 492, which is normally through

that if the storage circuit 401 does not have a bias voltage of -17VoIt at the emitter in the isolating current-

state and if the first stage of the conductive state, in the conductive state. The collector

Binary counter would have been reversed, between the voltage drops from +75 to -12VoIt, pre-

Conditions also passed an adjustment 7 ° set that a sufficient voltage difference

to ignite the glow lamp 493 is available. A large resistor 494 limits the leakage current through transistor 492 when it is non-conductive. The negatively directed voltage change at the collector is communicated via a capacitance 495 to the base of a character-distinguishing pulse amplifier 496. The amplifier 496 is blocked by +3 volts bias at the base. The negative pulse from capacitance 495 drives amplifier 496 conductive and the collector goes from -22 to OVoIt. This needle pulse, the duration of which is approximately 25 microseconds, is the output character distinguishing pulse which is supplied to the associated thyratron-controlled pressure circuit unit 78, 79 or 81. The character discrimination pulse from the storage unit 67 e.g. B. goes via the terminal 497 to the thyratron-controlled pressure circuit unit 78. The output voltage of the transistor amplifier 496 is fed back to the base of the transistors 408, 410 , etc. to 418 . This pulse flips all bistable storage circuits 401 to 406 back into the isolating current state in readiness for the reception of the next step combination of an incoming character.

The pressure distributor, which comprises the transistors 501-525 (Fig. 14 to 17) is an existing 25-element tip transistor distribution ring is used to select one of the 25 thyratrongesteuerten pressure circuits in the associated thyratrongesteuerten pressure circuit unit 78 (or 79 or 81) used as shown in the block diagram of FIG. The connections to the thyratron controlled circuits are shown by lines 526 (or 527 or 528, respectively) in FIG. The pressure distributor is energized by amplified pulses provided by a ringing circuit 500. The input pulses to the capacitance 527 of this ringing circuit come from the control unit 71 via the terminal 530 of the terminal strip 450. These pulses are equalized in the control unit 71 in a manner similar to the transfer pulses. However, they precede the transfer pulses by about 100 microseconds. Every point that requires a space in the print line is accompanied by a pressure distribution pulse. (This includes all characters to be printed including the space. The latter, however, does not require a transfer pulse, since it does not have to be stored.)

The positive-going (-17 to -7VoIt) rectangular pressure manifold pulse excites the "Rufstrome circuit 500, the resultant pulse is amplified by a duration of 10 microseconds by a driving pulse amplifier 531, which has the consequence that on the collector a The voltage state changes from 0 to -12 volts. This pulse is fed to the common emitters of the ring consisting of 25 elements and the ring is switched on by one element with each input pulse. Let it be For example, assume that the first character of a type line has been received. The 25th element 525 of the pressure distribution rings in all three units 67, 68 and 69 is in the "ON" state, since all three are in the "ON" state due to the carriage return after the previous line (as explained in more detail below) State have been brought. Upon receipt of the pressure distribution pulse from the control unit 71 for the first character in the line, the 25th element (transistor) of the pressure distribution ring (of the first memory unit 67 is brought into the "OFF" state and the first element (transistor) 501 into the "ON" state The voltage state at the collector of the element 501 changes from -17 to -7VoIt. This output voltage is fed via the line 532 (via the cable 533) to the terminal 534 of the terminal block 535 , from where it is used to generate the Bring the control grid of the first thyratron-controlled circuit in the thyratron-controlled pressure circuit unit 78 to the ignition voltage.

ίο About 100 microseconds later, the transfer pulse arrives and causes the character to be stored. After the character has been discriminated or recognized, the character discrimination pulse, which is pressed on the other control grid of all thyratron in the unit 78, ignites the first thyratron in the unit 78, so that the character by the first print hammer mechanism, which is shown in FIG represented by the magnet 121 , prints in the line.

so In the meantime, the second character is received and its pressure distribution pulses are sent to the second memory unit 68. That. 25. Element (transistor) in the pressure distributor of unit 68 is brought into the "OFF" state and the first element into the "ON" state. The output voltage of the first. The transistor of the distributor rim of the unit 68 (analogous to the transistor 501 of the unit 67) ignites the first thyratron in the thyratron-controlled pressure circuit or in the unit 79. This thyratron is electrically assigned to the second hammer mechanism (magnet 121, FIG. 1) in the row. After distinguishing the second character! or has been recognized, the thyratron is ignited and the characters are printed in the second position.

Similarly, the third character in the third position of the line is printed by the cooperation of the memory unit 69 and the thyratron unit 81. It should be mentioned here that before the fourth character is received, the printing period for the first character has expired and the memory unit 67 is empty (ie free of stored steps). The fourth character is therefore stored in the memory unit 67 and the pressure distributor of this unit is switched to its second transistor (element) 502 . The second element 502 supplies its output voltage via the line 536 to the terminal 537, from which it is fed to the "first" pressure circuit unit 78 in order to ignite the second thyratron in this unit. After the character has been distinguished or recognized, the second thyratron, which controls the fourth hammer mechanism (magnet) 121 , is ignited so that the fourth character is printed in the fourth position in the line. This mode of operation continues in such a way that the "first" unit 78 controls printing in positions 1, 4, 7, 10, etc., and the "second" unit 79 controls printing in positions 2, 5, 8, 11 etc. controls and the "third" unit 81 controls printing in positions 3, 6, 9, 12 etc. until the carriage return initiates a repetition of the line printing process.

The recognition and control of the carriage return character is carried out in the control unit 71 . In short, the process is such that upon receipt of the carriage return signal, the control unit 71 delivers a pulse at the correct time to a terminal (which is, for example, terminal 539 ) which is connected to the base of the 25th manifold element (which is represented by transistor 525 ) in each of the Speieher and character recognition or sub-

divorce units 67, 68 and 69 connected. Through this all distributors are made ready for printing, the next line.

If no carriage return is received, so this has the consequence that the printing process from »the Position 75 at the end of the line returns to position 1 as the pressure manifold between the elements 25 and 1 (represented by transistors 525 and 501) form a closed ring. the Position 75 is selected by the 25th pressure distribution element (analogous to transistor 525) of unit 69. When this 25th element is brought "ON" it selects its collector output voltage not only the position 75 via the line 550 and via the terminal 538 of the terminal strip 535, but is also fed back from the terminal 538 to the control unit 71, in which it controls the automatic carriage return and initiates line feed when characters corresponding to these operations are not received have been.

The circuit just described (FIGS. 14 to 17) controls the printing of a line of 75 characters by means of three pressure manifolds represented by transistor ring 501-525, each of which 25 elements (transistors). Shorter line lengths can be achieved by using the Base input and collector output connections from the 25th elements to other elements (transistors) can be folded - while longer lines are achieved by adding elements can, a line of 78 characters can be dater z. B. be formed when 78 character wheel sections 101 are provided on the shaft 102. For this purpose, the connection from terminal 539 of the Terminal block 450 via line 541 and capacitance 542 from the base of transistor 525 to the base of the transistor 543 is laid and the connection via the line 540 and the capacitance 544 (FIG. 14) is added Base of transistor 501 from the collector of transistor 525 to the collector of transistor 543.

The control unit

40

As with the description of the memory and character distinguishing units 67, 68 and 69, the main task of the control unit 71 is in directing the transfer and pressure distribution pulses. It also recognizes or distinguishes the Control unit 71 the various combinations of operation drawing codes and initiates the implementation of the respective operational processes.

In the control unit shown in Figs 71, the input voltages coming from the receive distributor 65 comprise "character stream" and "trem current" voltages the five combination steps (terminals 359 to 368, Fig. 18) and a pulse (the is referred to as blocking step or stop pulse) from the stop element of the start-stop distributor ring via the Terminal 358. Another input voltage comes from the 75th pressure distribution element of the accumulator and Character discrimination unit 69 and becomes the automatic carriage return and line feed used. Another input voltage comes from the receive distributor 65 to the engine again to set in motion that drives the printing mechanism after the motor has been stopped by a "motor stop" Character has been brought to a standstill.

The stop pulse from the receive distribution unit 65 arrives at terminal 358 (Figs. 12 and 18) and accompanies every "character" drawing. This Impulse is responsible for initiating all operations of the control unit 71 and with two circles connected, namely firstly with the operating symbol distinguishing or recognition circles, which are hereinafter and, second, with circles which generate transfer and pressure distribution pulses.

The positive-going stop pulse (-17 to -7Vo ¹ It), which arrives via the terminal 358 and via the lines 545 and 546 (Fig. 18), is differentiated by a capacitance 547 and a positive needle pulse to the emitting of a stop pulse suppression transistor 548, of an ordinary basic amplifier. Transistor 548 is normally kept non-conductive by a voltage of -6VoIt across its emitter. The positive spike drives transistor 548 conduction while its collector undergoes a voltage change from -22 to about -10 volts. This positively directed voltage change is fed to a capacitance 549 of a "ringing current" circuit, which is formed by an inductance 541 and a. Rectifier 552 is formed. As can be seen, the base of the transistor 548 is also supplied with an input voltage which comes via the line 553 from the operating symbol discrimination or recognition gates 554-560. In particular, the operating character recognition gates consist of the "blank" recognition gate 554, the "letter recognition gate 555, the" digit "recognition gate 556, the" line feed "recognition gate 557, the" carriage return "recognition gate 558, the" Bell "detection gate 559 and the" Motorsitop "detection gate 560. The input voltage supplied by the operating character recognition gates via line 553 is a positively directed input voltage which is differentiated by a capacitance 561 into a positive pin pulse and only when an operating character is received, that is not a "space in between" occurs. This pulse drives the base of transistor 548 positive and suppresses or prevents the conduction state of transistor 548 when the stop pulse is applied to capacitance 547. This is the effect mentioned, which prevents pressure and feed functions by suppressing the transfer and pressure distributor pulses.

The distributor control circuits described below are similar to those previously described. A transistor 562 (Fig. 18) generates pulses of duration of 10 microseconds with voltage changes from -1 to -12 volts at its collector. These impulses are used to control a distributor consisting of transistors 563, 564 and 565, and to toggle a transfer pulse generator · which is provided by transistors 576 and 577 is formed.

The distributor formed by transistors 563, 564 and 565 is a three-element manifold Distribution ring, which feeds the transfer pulses to the correct storage units 67, 68 and 69 and the pulses generated for switching the pressure distributors (e.g. 501 to 525) of the units 67, 68 or 69 serve.

The incremental pulses from transistor 562 are The emitters of the three transistors 563, 564 and 565 are fed through a resistor 566. With everyone Transistor 563, 564 and 565 will change their collector voltage when turned "ON" from -20 to -8 volts. These output voltages serve two purposes, namely to get there first them via lines 567, 568 and 569 and the

80 J 790/236

19 20

Terminals 571, 572 and 573 to the respective storage and a transfer pulse are applied at the same time.

and characters - recognition or underlining, to ensure the transfer of the step impulse

connection units 67, 68 and 69, in which they are connected to the terminal ses. to the assigned storage circuit · 401 to 406

530 occur as pressure distributor pulses, and secondly effect. When a character is printed

direct the transfer impulses to the respective. A 5 is set via terminal 497 of terminal strip 535

denotes 67, 68 and 69. (Fig. 17) the thyratron-controlled pressure circuit 78, 79

The distribution indicator shown in Fig. 19 consists or 81 a pulse is applied to the working of a

from a transistor 574 and a glow lamp 575 to effect pressure magnet 121, if that in the

the circuit thereof with the characters stored in the display memory circuits 401 to 406 shown in FIG

gers 492-493 is identical. In operation, the transitory corresponds to the sign used in the steps

stor574 (which is sent on line 567 through line gates 431 to 436 through binary counter 77

device 570 is connected) conductive and brings the glow has been formed. If · now a space character

lamp 575 to light up when the collector of the is received, the transfer pulse is

Distribution element (transistor) 563 is "ON" - pushes, so that no transfer and storage

State. 15 can take place and therefore no combination pulses

The transfer pulse generator comprises the tran- in the memory circuits 401 to 406 stored wersistors 576 and 577. The negative distribution switch, which has the consequence that no pulse is transmitted via the pulses, whose duration is 10 microseconds and terminal 497 to the thyratron-controlled pressure circuit from Collector of transistor 562 come, control 78, 79 or 81 is emitted and for this reason what not only reach the distributor, but also 20 no pressure magnet 121 is actuated. However, the pressure distributor via a rectifier 578 and a capacitance 579 (consisting of the transistors 501 to the base of the transistor 576. The transistors 576-525, Figs. 14-17) is actuated to cause that and 577 to form with the normally non-conductive the insertion of printed characters around an intermediate transistor 576 and the normally conductive space of the sheet is switched on ·. For example, let sfetor 577 be a univibrator. This univibrator is assumed that the fifth in a print line is flipped by a negative pulse, which is a "space symbol" of the normally non-conducting transistor 576, which is captured by the base telegraphic symbol. In this case the output span is suppressed. The task of the aforementioned univibrating of the gap detection gate 588 is to generate a transfer pulse for the memory unit 68, which lags the distributor switching pulse by 100 microns normally for the fifth character per second. After tilting line changes would occur. Therefore, instead of the voltage at the collector of the transistor 577 of characters in the fifth position of the line being - 7 to - 17 volts and being printed after a working period, its field is left free so that one of. about 100 microseconds, depending on the size of the space between the words, there is capacitance 581 and resistors 582 and 583, 35 and that through transistor ring circuit 501 to again -7 volts. The positively directed voltage distributor shown is ready for the change from -17 to -7Vo ¹ It is differentiated by a sixth character field in the line (the one under the capacitance 584 and a transistor 585 with the control of the memory unit 69 and of the thyratron divided, which acts as transfer pulse suppressor. controlled printing circuit: 81 is to be printed)

Find the positive pulse from the transfer pulse generator- 4 °.

ger 576-577 becomes the emitter of the transistor. 585 The output saving of transistor 585 goes

pressed, which is similar to the transistor 548 directly to the base of a transistor 593, which

is an amplifier. Transistor 585 is powered by one of the transfer pulse amplifiers. The initial

Emitter bias of -4VoIt, which is determined by the voltage from the emitter of the transistor 593

Resistors 586 and 587 is determined to be normal- 45 positive-going transfer pulse with a self

wisely kept non-conductive. The positive impulse am changing from -20 to -8 volts. Tension.

Emitter controls transistor 585 in the line. The transfer pulse generators 576-577 are three

state, so that its collector voltage of transfer pulse selection gates 601, 602 and 603 to-

—20 changed to —8Vo ¹ It. If there is an »intermediate order, the» AND «links are and their task

Raum "-sign is received, however, it must be the transfer impulses of the correct

Operation of the transistor 585 can be suppressed. This memory and character discrimination unit

happens by the fact that the exit side of an »intermediate 67,68 or 69 according to the direction through

space detection gates 588 (FIG. 18) via one of the distribution transistors 563, 564 and 565.

Line 589 and a capacitor 591 with the Ba- The collectors of the three distribution transistors 563,

sis of transistor 585 (Fig. 19) is connected. The 55 564 and 565 are with the respective dial gates-601,

positive square wave (from -17 to -7VoIt) from 602 and 603 via lines 567, 568 and 569

“Intermediate space” gate 588 is tied up by the capacity. The other input voltage for the gates

591 differentiates, the time constant of which is sufficiently long, the transfer pulse from transistor 593 across is to ensure that the base of the transit line 604. It is remembered that stors 585 is held positive enough that 60 the transition pulse is past conduction Conduction state for more than 100 microseconds, the distribution transistors 563,564 and 565 prevent by 100 miver. The blocking resistance of a rectifier lags behind by a microsecond. Has a gate 601, 602 or 603

592 contributes to this time constant. an output voltage of -8 volts only with the same-Es is reminded that every occurrence of a voltage of - 8VoIt of

gate 421 to 426 (Fig. 14 to 17) with two input 65 one distributor transistor 563rd, 564 or 565 and one

voltage is applied, namely a grain-like voltage from the transfer pulse,

binationsimpuls from the receiving distributor 65 and a Here it should be noted that a transfer pulse

Transfer pulse from control unit 71. Fer- occurs at gates 601, 602 or 603 only when the

ner must, since the gates 421 to 426 "AND" or co-respective distribution transistor 563, 564 or 565 are in the

incidence elements are, both a combination pulse 70 is "ON" state.

A transfer pulse transistor amplifier 605, 606 or 607 is assigned to each gate 601, 602 or 603. Give the amplifiers 605, 606 and 607 *, the output voltages of their respective select gates 601, 602 and 6O ¹ S further so that Ausgangsüberführungsitnpulse whose voltage from - modified 20 -8VoIt, at the emitters of the amplifiers 605, 606 and 607 occur. The output voltages of the transfer pulse amplifiers 605, 606 and 607 are supplied via lines 608, 609 and 611 to the terminals 612, 613 and 614, from which they are supplied to the respective memory and character recognition or discrimination units 67, 68 and 69 for the purpose of the Storage of the received characters in the associated memory circuits, e.g. B. in the memory circuits 401 to 406 to cause.

As shown in Fig. 18, there are multiple step pulse amplifiers provided, which consist of the transistors 615 to -619 and 621 to 625. The input voltages these amplifiers are the output voltages of the five bistable storage circuits 347 to -351 (Fig. 12) the reception distribution unit 65, which are supplied via the terminals 359 to 368. The transistors 615 to 619 are the symbol current amplifiers for the five step pulses and the transistors 621 to «5 625 the isolating current amplifier. If z. B. the first combination pulse is a character stream, is dile Input voltage at the base of transistor 615

- 7 volts, while the input voltage at the base of transistor 621 is -20 volts. the Emitter output voltages follow the base voltages.

The output voltages of the drawing step amplifiers 615 to. 619 are connected via lines 631 to 635 supplied while the output voltages of the separation step combination step amplifier 621 to 625 can be supplied via lines 641 to 645. These output voltages from the ten combination step amplifiers become the operating character recognition gates 554 to 560 and 588 depending on the step combination supplied for each operating code. Gates 554 to 559 and 588 are all "and" links for voltages from - 7VoIt.

The "gap" detection gate 588 includes rectifiers 646-652 connected to one of lines 631-635 and 641-645 corresponding to the "gap" character at which the first, second, fourth and fifth steps are a Separation step and the third step is a drawing step. For example, rectifier 646 is connected to line 641, rectifier 647 to line 642, rectifier 648 to line 633, rectifier 649 to line 644, rectifier 650 to line 645, and rectifier 651 to the stop pulse line 653, which branches off from line 545 at connection point 654. Five of the six input voltages of the "space" operating sign gate 588 are each fed to one of the step amplifiers 615 to 619 and 621 to 625, which ^{output -7 A 7} OIt when a "space" character is received. The sixth input pulse is a stop pulse which is fed to all operating character recognition gates 554 to 559 and 588 via line 653. When the "intermediate space" function sign is received, the output pulse has the same duration as the stop pulse and experiences a voltage change from -17 to

- 7VoIt. The output voltage of the "gap" detection gate 488 is fed via a rectifier 652 and a line 589 to the transfer pulse suppressor (transistor) 585, As already mentioned.

The input voltages of the "blank" character recognition gate come from the respective one. S ohr amplifiers 615 to 616 and 621 to 625 which give -7VoIt for a "blank" combination (in which the first, second, third, fourth and fifth steps are all separation steps). The output voltage of the gate 554 is fed via a rectifier 655 to the stop pulse suppression amplifier (transistor) 548 (FIG. 18) and prevents the work of the distributor 563-564-565 and the transfer pulse generator 576-577. The rectifier 655 of the ¹ “blank” detection gate 554 is now connected to the line 553, to which the output voltages of all operating symbol gates with the exception of the “gap gate S'588 are fed. The line 553 is hereinafter referred to as the "stop pulse suppression line".

The input voltages for the "digit" recognition gate 556 come from the respective step amplifiers 615 to 619 and .621 to 625, which output a voltage of -7VoIt for the "digit" combination at which the first, second, fourth and fifth pulse a. Drawing step and the third cut is a cutting step. The output voltage from the gate 556 is supplied via the rectifier 657 of the stop pulse-suppress line 553, while the other output voltage over a Lei ^L tung 658 and through a capacitor 659 and a rectifier 661 of the base fed to a transistor 662 in the "digits" -Speicherkreis will. When a "Citffern" step combination is received, a sixth code pulse must be added to the five combination steps of all subsequent characters until a "letter" step combination is received.

The "digit" storage circuit is a bistable storage circuit with the transistors 662 and 663, which by the output voltage of the "digit" recognition gate 556 is tilted. The transistor 662 is normally conductive with the voltage across its Collector - 7VoIt, while the transistor 663 is normally non-conductive and the voltage on its collector is -17VoIt. The capacity 659 differentiates the positive impulse from the "digit" gate 556, the resulting positive spike making transistor 662 non-conductive, and tipping the circle. The voltage on the collector of transistor 663 changes from -17 to -7VoIt. The output voltage from this collector is a sixth pulse amplifier (transistor

665, Fig. 19). The emitter of transistor 665 follows this voltage change from -17 —7VoIt and gives a voltage of. —7VoIt over lines 666 and 667 to terminal 668, from which it is fed to terminal 446 (FIG. 14). This output voltage then makes its way to the memory gate via line 669 (FIGS. 14-17) 426 to control the bistable memory circuit 406 so that the five step alphabet becomes a six step alphabet will.

Also, the output voltage from the emitter of transistor 665 makes its way down the lines

666, 671 and 672 to »Klingek recognition gate 559 and to the "engine stop" detection gate 560.

The "letter x toggle ID gate555" gives Gives a 17 to 7 volt pulse when a "letter" is made (the first, second, third, fourth and fifth step is a drawing step)

pulse amplifiers 615 to 619 and 621 to 625 is pressed. The output voltage of the gate 555 (FIG. 19) is fed via a line 673 and a capacitor 674 and a rectifier 675 (FIG. 18) to the base of the transistor 663 of the bistable circuit 662-663 for "digit" storage and toggles return the circle to its normal state. Dk voltage at the collector of the transistor 663 then is changed from - 7 to -17 volts, whereby the sixth step of the character recognition memory circuits (which are represented by the memory devices 401 to 406, 14 to. 17) via the aforementioned terminals 668 and 446 is turned off. The following characters are therefore all registered as "letters". The output voltage 555 is also supplied to the stop pulse suppression line 553 via a rectifier 660.

The "carriage return" character detection gate 558 emits a -17 to -7 volt pulse when a "carriage return" character (in which the first, second, third, and fifth steps are a separation step and the fourth step is a character step is) the step pulse amplifiers 615 to 619 and 621 to 626 is pressed. This pulse is fed through a rectifier 670 to the stop pulse suppression line SSS and through a line 676 and a capacitor 677 and a rectifier 678 to the base of a carriage return delay transistor 679 (Fig. 20). Transistors 679 and 681 form a "carriage return delay univibrator". The purpose of this univibrator is to introduce about a 30 millisecond delay before actually performing the carriage return. This delay is necessary in order to have sufficient time to print the character that is received immediately before the carriage return character is received. For example, the maximum printing interval for each character is approximately equal to three character periods. The delay introduced must therefore be between two and three character periods. A character period at 750 words per minute is 13.3 milliseconds. When the univibrator 679-681 is flipped, the voltage at the collector of transistor 679 changes from -7 to -17 volts and returns to -7VoIt after the 30 millisecond operating period. The pulse from the collector of transistor 679 is fed to two locations: firstly via lines 682 and 683 after differentiation by a capacitance 684 to a transistor 685 and secondly via lines 682 and 686 after differentiation by a capacitance 687 to a transistor 688.

Transistor 685 forms a carriage return pulse amplifier which is normally conductive and has a collector voltage of about -1 volt. The positive needle pulse, which results from the differentiation of the output voltage of the transistor 679 by the capacitance 684 , makes the transistor 685 non-conductive. This results in a negative needle pulse on the collector, the voltage of which changes from -1 to about -2OVoIt. This pulse is the carriage return pulse and its role is to be the last element (transistor 565) of the distribution circuit, which consists of transistors 563, 564 and 565 (FIG. 18), and the last element (transistor 525) of the three of 25 Elements> existing pressure distributors (one of which is provided in each of the units 67, 68 and 69 ) in the •> ON "state. This pulse prepares the distributors for the next printed character which must be delivered to unit 67 and printed in the first position of the next line. The output voltage of the collector of the transistor 685 is supplied via the capacitors 689, 691 and 692, the lines 693, 694 and 695, the terminals 696, 697 and 698 and via a capacitor 699 and a line 701 to the base of the transistor 565 (Fig. 28). The transistor 565 which is the last element

ίο of the distribution continuation circuit is done this way by the car recall pulse in the "ON" state brought.

Transistors 688 and 690 form an auto-return and row circuit univibrator, with the collector of transistor 688 typically at -7 volts and the collector of transistor 690 typically at -17 volts. This univibrator is driven by the output voltage of transistor · 679, which

ao is supplied via lines 682 and 686 and via a capacitor 687 , flipped. The output voltage is taken from the collector of transistor 688 , which goes to -17 volts when the circuit is flipped, and so remains at that value for the one millisecond duty cycle. When the circuit flips back to normal, the voltage at the collector of transistor 688 drops back to -7VoIt. This pulse from the collector of transistor 688 is fed via line 702 to a line switching erase gate 703 , the function of which is described in more detail below in connection with the description of the automatic carriage return and the line switching. The "line switch" detection gate 557 emits a -17 to -7 volt pulse when a "switch" character (the first, third, fourth, and fifth steps of which is a separation step and the second step of which is a drawing step) hits the step pulse amplifiers 615 'to 619 and 621 to 625 is impressed. This pulse is fed to the base of a transistor amplifier 705 via a line 704 and is passed on to its emitter, from where it takes its way to a "single-double" row switch 706 . Assume first that switch 706 is in the "simple" position as shown. The pulse is therefore supplied from the connection circuit 707 via a line 708, a capacitor 709 and a rectifier 711 to the base of a transistor 712 which, together with a transistor 713, forms a line switching charging pulse generator circuit which is a univibrator.

The voltage across the collector of transistor 712 is typically -7VoIt, while the voltage across the collector of transistor 713 is typically -17VoIt. The purpose of the circle mentioned is to generate a line switch pulse at the point in time at which the "switch switch character is recognized by the gate 557 , in order to then generate a charging pulse 4 milliseconds later. These two pulses go, if necessary, to the line circuits in the thyratron-controlled printing circuit 81, so that their special task will be explained below in the description of the thyratron-controlled printing circuits. When the univibrator 712-713 is toggled by the positive pulse applied to the base of transistor 712 by transistor 705 , the voltage at the collector of transistor 712 changes from -7 to -17VoIt. After an operating period of around 4 milliseconds, the 712-713 univibrator returns to its normal state, with the voltage increasing

at the cojlector of transistor 713 changed from -7 to -17 volts . The voltage transitions at the collector of the transistor 712 are picked up via a line 714 and differentiated by a capacitor 715 and then fed to the base of a transistor 716 , which forms a line pulse amplifier. The voltage transitions at the collector of the transistor 713 are picked up via a line 717 , differentiated by a capacitor 718 and fed to the base of a transistor 719 , which forms a charging pulse amplifier.

The row switching pulse amplifier 716 is a. normally blocked amplifier which is opened by the differentiated negative going pulse from transistor 712 . The negative pulse has the consequence that the transistor (amplifier) 716 is briefly conductive and generates a positive pulse of 21 volts at its emitter. This impulse is fed via a line 721 to the terminal 722 , from which it takes its way to the thyratron-controlled pressure circuit 81 and ignites the "line circuit" thyratron, as will be shown later.

The charging pulse amplifier 719 is a similar amplifier which is opened by the differentiated negative transition at the end of the 4 millisecond operating interval of the transistor 713 . A positive needle pulse is generated at the emitter of the transistor 719 , which is fed via a line 723 to a terminal 724 , from which it takes its way to the thyratron-controlled pressure circuit 81 and ignites the charging thyratron.

When switch 705 is in the position for "double" line spacing, the output voltage from transistor 705 is not only fed to transistor 712 of the "single" line circuits, but also to the base of a transistor 727 via a capacitor 725 and a rectifier 726. Transistors 727 and 728 form a univibrator circuit which is used as a double row switch pulse generator, the function of which is to cause a second row switch approximately 20 milliseconds after the first. When the univibrator 727-728 is tilted, the voltage at the collector of the transistor 728 changes from -7 to -17 volts and after 20 milliseconds back to -7 volts. This latter positive voltage jump is differentiated by a capacitor 729 (via a line 730) , the resulting positive pulse toggling the line switching charging unit 712-713 via a rectifier 731 and thereby initiating a second line switching process.

An output voltage is obtained from the "bell" character recognition gate 559 when the "S" character (whose first and third step is a character step and whose second, fourth and fifth step is a separating step) is received after a switch to "digits" will. The "digit" status is indicated by the transistor 665 (Fig. 19), which acts as an amplifier for the sixth step, which only then sends a voltage of -7 volts (via the lines 666 and 671) to the rectifier 720 (of the gate 559 ) after the "digit" character has been received. The output voltage of the gate 559 changes from -17 to -7 volts and is fed to a terminal 710 via a line 700 and fed from this to the thyratron-controlled pressure circuit or to the unit 79 , on which it is used to set a "bell" thyratron ( as follows from the following) to ignite.

If, after switching over to "digits", the "!!" code character (in which steps 3 and 5 are character steps and steps 1, 2 and 4 are separating current pulses) is received, the output voltage changes from —17 to —7 volts obtained from the "engine stop" character recognition gate 560 (Fig. 20). This output voltage is fed to a motor stop memory circuit, which consists of the transistors 732 and 733 (Fig. 11) and is a bistable memory circuit, in which the transistor 732 is normally conductive and the transistor 733 is normally non-conductive, the voltage at the collectors of these Transistors is -7 and -17 volts. The output voltage from the engine stop sign detection gate is differentiated by a capacitor 734 (Fig. 19), and the resulting positive pulse drives the transistor

732 makes it non-conductive, so that the voltage at its collector drops from -7 to -17 volts, while the voltage at the collector of the transistor

733 increases immediately from -17 to -7 volts. The motor stop memory circuit 732-733 is reset by the first disconnection step (start-up step or line interruption), which is received after a "motor stop" signal. The reset pulse is received via a terminal 735 , which is connected to the memory erase amplifier 346 in the reception distribution unit 65 via a terminal 740 (FIG. 12). This reset pulse is provided over a line 736 and differentiated by a capacitor 737 (FIG. 19). The resulting positive pulse makes the transistor 733 non-conductive and the transistor 732 conductive, whereby the engine-stop memory circuit is returned to its original state. The output voltage from the collector of transistor 732 is fed to the base of transistor 738 which forms one of two engine stop amplifiers 738-739 (FIG. 20). The emitter of transistor 738 follows the change in voltage at collector 732 from -7 to -17 volts. Transistor 739 is normally non-conductive due to the -12 volt bias at its emitter. When the voltage at its base is reduced from -7 to -17 volts by the output voltage of transistor 738 , transistor 739 becomes conductive. The collector of the transistor 739 is connected by a line 741 to a terminal 742 , from which the circuit for the winding of a motor stop relay in the printer unit runs in a manner known per se. The aforementioned reset pulse brings the transistor 739 into the non-conductive state, de-energizes the aforementioned relay and enables the motor to start.

The automatic carriage return with line feed is described below. Normal operation requires that at or before the 73rd character the carriage return and line break telegraph characters be received in order to shift printing to the first field of the next line. If these characters are not received, the auto-return carriage-return device causes these operations to be performed. This takes place in that a recognition process takes place when the 75th pressure field (which corresponds to the 25th transistor element ) of the pressure distributor in the unit 69 is used through a printed mark or through a space. It should be noted that the carriage return portion of the automatic carriage return and line switching process without ¹

809 790/236

additional circles is achieved because the pressure manifold (Fig. 17) of unit 69 is normally used for

The 24th element is advanced by the 75th character in the line. The output voltage of the

25. The element of the pressure distributor of the unit 69 is then used to generate a line switching pulse. This line switching pulse may only be generated if the 25th element is through the 75th character is brought to the "ON" state, and not when it is by a normal carriage return operation is made conductive.

The output voltage from the 24th element of the pressure distributor of unit 69 at terminal 538 (Fig. 17), which is a positive going pulse increasing from -20 to -8 volts, enters the Control unit 71 at the terminal 743 and is via a line 744 and a capacitor 745 a Line switching delay gate 703, which is an "AND" gate with two inputs for voltages of - 7 volts. The other input voltage for gate 703 comes from the collector of the transistor 688 of carriage return line switch univibrator 688-690 over line 702 (as previously described). If the automatic carriage return is to be used, there is at the collector of the transistor 688 at the time when the 26th element of the pressure distributor of unit 81 is in "ΕΙ3ΝΓ" - State is a voltage of - 7 volts. The capacitor 745 differentiates the leading edge of the 25. Output voltage element to a positive needle pulse. This needle pulse goes over the gate 703 and the line 746 to a connection point 707 and from this to the base of the transistor 712, which is the line switch charge pulse generator, causing the line circuits to operate as before is described, initiated.

During the normal reverse process, the voltage at the collector of the transistor is 688-17 volts, when the 25th element of the pressure manifold of unit 69 by the carriage return pulse, as above + ° is brought into the "ON" state. This makes the gate 703 for the pulse from 25. Element closed, whereby the automatic line break is suppressed.

45

The binary counter

Six binary counter stages 751 to 756 (FIGS. 21 to 23) are provided, which 64 different combinations allow. Each binary counter stage is a transistor circuit with two stable states (Character stream and separator stream state) that can be switched from one state to the other. The bistable circuit described above in connection with the receiving device meets the requirements the binary counter circuit. However, there is a binary counter stage from one state to the other has to be tilted by impulses that only arrive at a single entry point, this gives way Tilting process something from that which is for the bistable memory circuits described above has been applied.

The first binary counter stage 751 (FIG. 21) has a transistor 757 (isolating current side), which is conductive, and a transistor 758 (character current side), which is non-conductive for the "zero" or "isolating" state. The voltage at the collector of transistor 757 is -7VoIt ₁ while the voltage at the collector of transistor 758 is -20 volts. A positive counting pulse (supplied by magnetic scanning device 126 / assigned to the innermost row of teeth at index, FIG. 9) is received by an amplifier (transistor) 807 or 808 and applied to the connection point of rectifiers 761 and 762 and a resistor 763 . This connection point is through a transistor 763

- 23 volts biased. Since this voltage is more negative than the voltage at the collector of one of the Transistors 757 and 758 are the diodes (rectifiers) 761 and 762 in the reverse direction biased. The task of rectifiers 761 and 762 is to generate the positive-going counting pulse only to the control element (base) of the conductive transistor, which in the present case is the transistor 757 is to direct. The counting pulse increases the input voltage at the input from -22 to approximately

- 10 volts. Since the voltage at the collector of transistor 757 is - 7VoIt, the rectifier remains 761 non-conductive, so that no significant change is noticeable above it. The tension on However, the collector of transistor 758 is -17 volts, so that rectifier 762 can become conductive, when the input voltage at the boundary junction becomes more positive than -17 volts and whose collector voltage rises to -10 volts. The connection from the collector of transistor 758 across a voltage divider consisting of resistors 764 and 765 transmits this positive direction Change with the help of a steepening capacitor 766 on the base of the transistor 757, so that the latter becomes non-conductive and the circuit is flipped into its other state in which the Transistor 758 is conductive and transistor 757 is non-conductive. The next pulse is via the rectifier 761, a voltage divider made up of resistors 767 and 768 and a steepening capacitor 769 fed to the base of transistor 758, so that the latter becomes non-conductive and the Circuit is tilted back into the isolating current state.

The complete binary counter circuit consists of six interconnected stages 751 to 756, whereby the counting pulses are only fed to the first stud 751. The connection between the levels goes from the collector of the isolating current side of the stage with the lower number to the input side of the following stage. For example, the connection between stages 751 and 752 goes from the collector of the Transistor 757 (isolating current side of stage 751) via lines 771 and 772 to the input side, on the the rectifiers 773 and 774 are located, the transistors 775 and 776 of the second binary stage 752.

All transistors 757 and 776 bis (on the isolating current side) are in the "zero" state of the binary counter 780 conductive and the transistors on the symbol side (for example transistor 758) non-conductive. In The isolating current pulse amplifiers assigned to the isolating current side of stages 751 to 756 are in the same way 785 and 788 to 792 conductive. When the first count pulse is received, the transistor 757 non-conductive and the transistor 758 conductive, so that a pulse on a line 782 the first Character current pulse amplifier (transistor) 783 is fed, which corresponds to the character combination for "E" which is shown in FIG. 7 in line 1.

When the second counting pulse is received, transistor 757 becomes conductive, so that a pulse is generated which is first passed via lines 771 and 772 and via rectifier 773 to the To make transistor 776 non-conductive and the tran-

To make sistor 775 conductive, and also secondly via lines 771 and 784 to the first isolating current pulse amplifier (Transistor) 785. The transistor 775 delivers a pulse when it becomes conductive via a line 786 to the second character current pulse amplifier (transistor) 787. There now the separating current pulse amplifier (Transistors) 785 and 789 to 792 are conductive and the second character current pulse amplifier 787 is conductive, the binary circuit for the line symbol is set, which is represented by line 2 in FIG. Upon receipt of the third count, transistor 758 (Character stream side) conductive, so that a pulse is generated, which via line 782 to the first Character stream pulse amplifier 783 is supplied. This impulse has no effect on level 2 to 6 of the binary counter. Since the first and the second signal current pulse amplifier (transistors) 783 and 787 are conductive (note that amplifier 787 is still conductive) and the third, fourth, fifth and sixth isolation current pulse amplifiers 789 to 792 are conductive, is the Binary counter for the character code "A" shown in line 3 of FIG. 5 is set.

When the fourth counting pulse is received, transistor 757 (isolating current side, stage 1) becomes conductive, see above that a pulse is generated which, as already mentioned, the transistor 776 (separating current side, stage 2) as well as the first isolating current pulse amplifier 785 (the transistor 783 is non-conductive) is supplied. Of the Transistor 776 therefore becomes conductive, so that firstly a pulse over lines 793 and 794 and over rectifiers 795 and 796 is conducted to the transistor 777 (separation current side, third stage) and non-conductive to make the transistor 797 (character current side) conductive, and also secondly via lines 793 and 798 to the third isolating current pulse amplifier 788 (the transistor 787 is non-conductive). When the transistor 797 is made conductive, it gives a pulse over a line 799 to the third character current pulse amplifier 801 from. Since now the separating current pulse amplifiers 785, 788 and 790 to 792 are conductive and the third character current pulse amplifier 801 is conductive, the binary circuit is set to the "space" character indicated by line 4 in Fig. 5 is shown.

It should be noted here that the first stage 751 receives its count (input) pulse under the control of an external source (namely, the magnetic scanner 126 shown in FIG. 8). It should also be noted that the second stage 752 receives its counting or input pulse from the first stage 751 when the collector of the transistor 757 (isolating current side) experiences a voltage change from -20 to -7 volts, ie conducting during the transition from the character current state to the isolating current state is made (see line 2, Fig. 5). Finally, it should be noted that the third stage 753 receives its counting or input pulse from the second stage 752 when the voltage at the collector of the transistor 776 increases from -20 to -7 volts, ie when the transistor 776 is made conductive (see Sect. Line 4, Fig. 5). Therefore, as can be seen from FIGS. 5 and 5 A, one input pulse is required for tilting the first stage 751 (see line 1, FIG. 5), and two input pulses are required for tilting the second stage 752 (see line 2 , Fig. 5), four pulses for tilting the third stage 753 (see line 4, Fig. 5), eight pulses for tilting the fourth stage 754 (see line 8, Fig. 5), sixteen pulses for the Tilting the fifth stage 755 (see line 16, FIG. 5) etc. From the foregoing it can be seen that the positive pulse that is obtained when the voltage at the collector of the isolating current side changes from -20 to -7 A ⁷ OIt changed, occurs for each stage with every additional input pulse that is fed to this stage.

The index wheel 123 (Figs. 8 and 9) on the character wheel shaft 102 carries three rows of teeth. Everyone Row an electromagnetic scanning device 126 is assigned. In the winding of a magnetic For each tooth that moves past the pole face of the scanner, scanning device 126 is generates an impulse. The scanner 126 has a winding (which is wound around a core 802 and located within the head of the device) so that when there is a tooth 124 on the core 802 moved past, an electrical pulse is induced in the winding of the scanning device, the via a line 803 one of the binary counter terminals 804, 805 and 806, depending on the one concerned Tooth row is supplied. The innermost row consists of 52 teeth that are equidistant from one another are located, with one tooth for each character field on the type wheel and the

^a 5 generated pulses are referred to as character index pulses. If this were the only source of index pulses, there would be only 52 pulses for a full revolution, and the binary counter could only be incremented at a count of 52. However, the step combinations for certain characters on the type margin exceed the binary count for 52, while the step combinations for certain non-writing operations are included in the first 52 binary counts registered. It is therefore necessary to supply ten more index pulses that correspond to the operation in front of which there is no printing or writing to the counter input. These pulses occur between the various character index pulses. Nine of the ten pulses are generated by the middle row of teeth on the index wheel and are shown in line 3 of Figure 13, while the remaining pulse is generated by feedback means in the meter itself

4-5 will. These pulses are called operation counting pulses designated.

The outermost "row" of the index wheel 123 carries only a single tooth, which is used to generate a reset pulse. This impulse represents the

5 <> binary counter back to zero, ie all transistors 757 and 776 to 780 (isolating current side) are brought into the conductive state. This pulse resets the counter to zero from every count, which in normal operation only happens between the characters ";" (semicolon) and "E". However, if the counter gets out of phase with the character wheel, the reset pulse will restore synchronism before more than one erroneous character can be printed.

The 52 character index pulses, nine outside generated run counts and the reset pulse are in the binary counter (via lines 803, Fig. 8) and via terminals 804, 805 and 806 (Fig. 21) introduced. These -5 volt pulses will be fed to the base of the respective amplifiers (transistors) 807, 808 and 809. The transistor 807 amplifies the 52 character count pulses while transistor 808 amplifies the nine operational index pulses. The output voltages of transistors 807 and 808 are positive going pulses which are from

31 32

- 22 increase to -1 volt and one of the ten operational counting pulses (line 3,

811 and 812 can be differentiated. The output Fig. 13) is generated by the counter itself and

Sides of capacitors 811 and 812 have one returned to the input. This impulse occurs

common line 813, with the positive "space" combination in numeric circuitry

tive needle pulses to the input circuit of the first 5 (line 36, Fig. 5A) and switches on the counter

Binary counter 751 are fed and, as before, in this position corresponding to the letter

going described, the first stage 751 via the "S" -step combination (bell) (line 37, Fig. 5 A)

Tilt rectifiers 761 and 762. Further. The "gap" feedback gate 875

The reset pulse is fed to the base of transistor 809 via a line 814 (FIG. 22) to generate this additional pulse, which is the counting pulse. The input voltages for the gate of a positive going pulse similar to that which 875 (which is an "AND" gate) come from the diodes through transistors 807 and 808, amps 785, 788, 801, 790, 791 and 828 and will be there. This pulse is fed via a line 815 to a line 816 common to the diode rectifiers 881 to 886, from which it is in the numerical switch position via the »gap x step combination, differentiating capacitors 817 and 822 of the base 15, in which the first, second, the "Character stream" pages of all six stages 751 fourth and fifth step a separation step and the up to 756 (ie the transistors 758, 775, 797, 823, 824 third and sixth step is a character step (see and 825, respectively), whereby all actuated lines 36, Fig. 5A). The delivery of the additional stages in the separating current or "zero" state. Impulse with a voltage of - 7 volts can only be controlled. The reset pulse is sufficient when the binary counter is used to overcome any intermediate pulse, the step combination in the numeric switching position as a result of the resetting of a stage from which it is advanced. Gate 875 continuously supplies "character current" - in the "separating current" state - a voltage of -20 volts. The positive going is generated so that the formation of the full "zero" pulse from gate 875 is via a rectifier combination in the counter (which is represented by line 0, 25, 877, a capacitor 888 and via lines 889 in Fig. 5) is guaranteed. and 813 the binary counter input (ie the first

As already mentioned, the output stages binary counter stage 751) are fed, which the counter

steps 751 to 756 of the binary counter circuit immediately by one step (to the »bell« -step combination

through symbol current pulse amplifiers (transistors) nation, line 37, Fig. 7A). Direct

783, 787, 801, 826, 827 or 828 and by separating 30 after the upper space x space impulse the

Current pulse amplifiers (transistors) 785, 788, 789, character current side ( 758) in the "OFF" state and

790, 791 or 792 reinforced. Since the index pulses put the isolating current side (757) in the "ON" state

Continuation of the counter, showing the collector voltages brought back by the 875 returns

of the transistors, which the mentioned six stages pulse the state of the first stage 751, so that

751 to 756 form the count on and thus the 35 turns transistor 758 in the character current state and

Code combinations of the transistor 757 represented by the count is in the isolating current state,

th characters. Fig. 13 shows how the operating The output voltage of the symbol-current-side

index pulses the count between the writing amplifier 828 of the sixth counter stage 756

change character counts. via lines 841,892 and 893 a meter display

The voltages from the collectors of the binary amplifier (transistor) 891 (FIG. 23) are supplied, counting stages 751 to 756 are actuated to the base of the respective indicator lamp 894. The lamp is fed to the output amplifier. 894 therefore lights up every time the counter whose emitter passes the pulses fed to their bases through the second half of the counting cycle (through FIG the emitters are shown the 45 working methods of the counting circuits via lines 831 to 842.
Terminals 851 to 862 in terminal strip 830 are supplied and from these to terminals 464, 465 and the thyratron-controlled pressure circuits
863 to 872 on the terminal strip 450 (Fig. 14) of the

Memory and character distinguishing units As already mentioned, the three thyratron-

67, 68 and 69 for comparison with the stored 50 controlled pressure circuits 78, 79 and 81 (FIG. 1)

Step combinations supplied. As can be seen from Fig. 1 circuits for exciting the magnets 121 (Fig. 7)

results, the output voltage of the binary counter in the printer units. Each of the thyratron tax

77 at the same time all three units 67, 68 and 69 second printing units 78, 79 and 81 is equipped with a special

led, and a match occurs only in their memory and character differentiation

one of units 67, 68 or 69 connected to one of 55 units 67, 68 or 69, respectively. The thyratron

of the unit 65 received characters by the controlled printing units are equal to each other, with

Control unit 71, as described above, with the exception that the unit 81 has two additional

to be led. thyratron-controlled circuits for the operation of the line

It should be mentioned here that the reinforced switching mechanism and the unit 79 contains a

Character index pulses from transistor 807 did not add 60 additional circuits to energize the bell magnet

only included via line 813 of binary counter stage 751. There are 26 thyratron-controlled pressure circuits in

but also provided via a line 873 of each unit 78, 79 and 81, of which 25

ler terminal 874, from which it used to terminal 489 in the described embodiment

(Fig. 1-1; the memory and character sub-areas, from which a maximum length of the line is derived

; cheidun; skkreis (units 67, 68 and 69) returned 65 of 75 characters.

iverden. As mentioned, this scripture- To illustrate the relationship between the

Seichenindeximpulse that the character recognition character discrimination units 67, 68 and

aungsgate a character only at the moment 69 and the thyratron-controlled printing units 78,

; rknows in which a character code combination 79 and 81 is briefly reminded that the

nation is first formed in binary counter 77. 70 unit 67 the pressure circuits of the printing unit 78, the

Unit 68 controls those of unit 79 and unit 69 controls those of unit 81. For example, the pulse transmitted from the pressure distribution circuit 501 (FIG. 14) via the terminal 534 (FIG. 17) is used to prepare the control grid of the first thyratron circuit in the thyratron-controlled pressure unit 78 for ignition. Then, if there is a match of the characters (under the control of the binary counter 77) , the character distinguishing pulse, which goes via terminal 497 (Fig. 17) of the thyratron unit (via terminal 997, as follows), the other control grid of all thyratrones in the unit 78, so that that thyratron in the unit 78 is ignited, which was prepared, with the result that the corresponding character is printed by the print control magnet to which the mentioned thyratron circuit is connected .

In the circuit arrangement shown in Fig. 24 to 26, which shows one of the thyratron-controlled pressure circuit units as well as the line switching and ringing circuits, the ignition voltages for the grid 931 of each of the 25 pressure thyratrons 901 to 925 via the terminals 1001 to 1025 of the assigned memory and Character discrimination unit 67, 68 or 69 initiated. As described above, these voltages are derived from the pressure distribution elements 501-525 (Fig. 14 to 17). The pulses from terminals 1001 to 1025 are fed to the grids 931 of the respective thyratrons 901 to 925 via lines 1101 to 1125 . The output voltages of the thyratron 901 to 925 are, as follows from the following, fed via lines 1201 to 1225 to the terminals 1301 to 1325 (FIG. 26), from which they are fed to the respective pressure control magnets 121.

For example, the printing of the first character in a line is controlled by the unit 67 , so that the first element 501 of the pressure distributor 501 to 525 in the unit 67 has an ignition voltage of

- Apply 7 volts to terminal 1001 in the pressure circuit unit. This pulse is fed to the grid 931 of the thyratron 901 by means of a voltage divider 932, 933 , whereby the grid voltage of

- 8 is increased to -2VoIt. The thyratron 901 is therefore prepared for possible ignition by the character-distinguishing pulse, which is initiated via the terminal 997 (Fig. 26) from the terminal 497 (Fig. 17) and fed to each of the thyratrons 901 to 925 via a line 934. All of the thyratrons, with the exception of thyratron 901 , have -8 volts on their grids 931, which prevents these thyratrons from being ignited.

In the idle state, the thyratron 901 is non-conductive and a capacitor 935 connected to its anode is charged to a full 300 volts. When a character discrimination pulse is received over a line 934 with the grid 931 biased at -2 volts, the thyratron 901 is ignited so that the anode voltage suddenly drops from +300 to about + 10VoIt. The capacitor 935 immediately begins to discharge via the associated pressure control magnet 121 , while the thyratron 901 remains conductive and allows current to pass through both the resistor 936 and the capacitor 935. The inductance and the resistance of the pressure control magnet 121, the capacitance of the capacitor 935 and the low resistance of the ignited thyratron 901 form a series resonant circuit that is sub-critically attenuated. Resistor 936, which is a relatively large resistor, does not significantly affect the operation of the resonant circuit, but S supplies a current to the thyratron until the capacitor discharge current builds up.

Initially, all of the energy is in the capacitor

935 saved. The discharge of the capacitor 935 builds up the current pulse, which through the magnet

ίο 121 and the thyratron 901 flows. When the current reaches a peak value, all of the energy available in the capacitor has been transferred to the magnetic field of magnet 121 . The current then begins to decrease, but the inductor tends to keep the current flowing in the same direction, thereby charging the capacitor 935 in the opposite direction. Due to the collapse of the magnetic field, energy is returned to the capacitor, so that

ao soon the point is reached at which the current in the solenoid is zero again. As a result of losses in the circuit, the peak voltage on the charged capacitor is only a fraction of the original voltage difference. The capacitor 935 then discharges again, but in the opposite direction from the original discharge. Since this discharge current passes through the thyratron in the wrong direction, it is drawn from the +300 volt power source via resistor 936 , which results in an increased voltage drop across resistor 936 . This makes the anode of the thyratron 901 negative, so that the thyratron goes out. The capacitor 935 continues to discharge, goes through the potential zero and then charges via the resistor 936 and the pressure control magnet 121 to the original +300VoIt again.

When the low resistance of the conductive thyratron 101 is no longer in the circuit, the high resistance of the resistance element becomes

936 prevailing, and the resonance circuit changes from the oscillation state to an aperiodically damped state. Therefore, after the thyratron 901 has gone out, the capacitor 935 charges again exponentially, the value of the resistor 936 determining the charging rate. The resistor 936 can be changed so that the value of the charging current can be changed. Since the charging current also flows through the pressure control magnet 121 , it generates an exponentially decreasing magnetic field which exerts a small force on the magnet armature. Up to this point in time, the armature has almost been attracted due to the initial current pulse, which has the shape of the first half-period wave of a damped oscillation. The charging current, which follows the working current pulse, has a negligible effect on the armature attraction, but influences the armature return. The intrinsic value of the charging current decreases the armature return speed and helps suppress rebound that might occur when the armature is returned to its rest position at a high speed. Resistor 936 can be adjusted to maximize bounce suppression effect.

The thyratrons 902 to 925 work in a similar way

Way. The output voltages of these thyratrons are fed via lines 1202 to 1225 to terminals 1302 to 1325 , which are connected to the pressure control magnets 121 assigned to them.

809 790/236

If a 78 character line is desired, a 26th Thyratron 926 is provided. The thyratron 926 is energized by pulses which appear at the terminal 1026 and which are fed to its grid via a line 1126. The output voltage of the thyratron 926 is fed via the line 1226 to the terminal 1326 and from there to the corresponding magnet 121 in the printing unit.

The ringing circuit in which the thyratron 951 is located is a thyratron-controlled circuit which is essentially similar to the preceding pressure circuits. The main differences are that the grid 952 of the thyratron 951 is directly connected to its cathode, so that only one pulse on its other grid 953 is required to ignite the tube (thyratron 951) , and that the output voltage from the capacitor 954 makes its way takes a bell via a line 948 and a terminal 949 to the working magnet, not shown, which is arranged in the housing of the printing unit. The positively directed ignition pulse (e.g. from - 19 to

- 7 volts) for the Thyratron 951 comes from the bell detection gate 559 (Fig. 20) in the control unit 71 via the terminal 668 (Fig. 30) to the terminal 955 (Fig. 26) and via a line 956 and is closed by a capacitor 957 differentiated by a positive needle pulse. The resistors 958 and 959 also tension the grid 953 of the thyratron 951

- 6 volts before.

The thyratron-controlled ringing circuit described above, containing the thyratron: 951 , is located in the unit 79 and is shown within a block 961 (FIG. 26) drawn with a dashed line.

The line circuit containing the thyratrons 962 and 963 is located in the unit 81 and is shown within a block 964 (FIG. 26) drawn with a dashed line. The thyratron 962 occupies the same position in the unit 81 as the bell thyratron 951 in the unit 79 . Thyrathron 962 is used to energize drawing sheet magnet 181 (FIG. 6) of the sheet printer by discharging capacitors 965 and 966 , while thyratron 963 is used to charge capacitors 965 and 966.

The operation of the thyratron 962 is essentially the same as that of the pressure circuits previously described, with the exception that only a single input voltage is required for ignition. This input voltage comes from the line switch discrimination circuit in the control unit 71 which is represented by line switch discrimination gate 557 (FIG. 20) and passes through terminal 722 (FIG. 20), terminal 967 (FIG. 26) and through the Line 968 . This input pulse is a positive-going pulse that rises from -20VoIt to zero volts and is differentiated into a needle pulse by a capacitor 969. The anode of the thyratron 962 is connected via a line 971 to a terminal 972 , which in turn is connected to the line switching magnet 181 (FIG. 6).

The return connection from magnet 181 leads to terminal 973 (FIG. 26) and extends via a line 974 to capacitors 965 and 966 connected in parallel (of a total of 5 MF). As can be seen, this circuit is essentially the same as the pressure circuits with the exception that in a pressure circuit the circuit runs through a capacitor connected to a thyratron anode, from this capacitor via the winding of the pressure control magnet 121 to earth, as shown in FIG the circuit extends from the thyratron anode over the winding of the line switching magnet 181 and runs back to terminal 973 , from which it runs over line 974 to capacitors 975 and 966 , the other terminals of which are grounded. The resulting current pulse excites the line feed magnet 181, the armature of which triggers the line shift clutch. The capacitors 965 and 966

ίο would not charge quickly enough if they charge through an anode circuit resistance as with the pressure circuits. Therefore the Thyratron 963 is used to charge the capacitors via the resistor 975 from a voltage source of +300 volts. Resistor 975 is set to be sufficiently low for rapid charging. The thyratron 963 is ignited by a 20 volt pulse (-20 to OVoIt) from the line switch discrimination circuit of the control unit 71 . This pulse is introduced at the terminal 976 , takes its way via the line 977 and is differentiated by a capacitor 978 to a positive Xadelimpulse. This pulse lags behind the line switching pulse by 4 milliseconds and is required to enable the thyratron 962 to go out. The grid 979 of the thyratron 963 is biased through a resistor 981 to -45 volts. When the thyratron 962 goes out, the voltage on the cathode of the thyratron 963 is approximately -40 volts and begins to increase exponentially to + 300VoIt as the capacitors 965 and 966 charge. This charging rate is determined by a resistor 982 . When the recharge pulse ignites the thyratron 963 , the majority of the recharge current flows through the thyratron 963, and the smaller value of the resistor 975 accelerates the recharge of the capacitors 965 and 966. The thyratron 963 conducts until the capacitors are charged, whereupon none Anode-cathode voltage exists longer in order to maintain the conduction state. A transformer secondary winding in the power supply, not shown, provides an AC heating voltage of 6.3 volts for the thyratron 963. The cathode of the thyratron 963 is connected to one side of the filament, while the connections for the filament voltage are designated 983 in FIG.

Claims (8)

Patent claims: 1. Printer device, for sheet teleprinter for writing successive print lines by means of a continuously rotating type wheel, which carries rows of printing types on its circumference and cooperates with a number of print hammer in front of directions that face the type series, characterized in that the individual printing types (104) in the series of types of the continuously revolving type wheel (101) are arranged in such an order that the various combinations of potentials expressing the separation state (0) and the character status (1), which correspond to the characters of the successive printing types in the telegraph alphabet, also correspond to a sequence of increasing binary numbers ( Combinations of the digits 0 and 1) correspond, and that a binary counter (77), which is operated by counting pulses supplied by the rotating type wheel, while the type wheel successive print types in the print position opposite the print hammer devices (107) brings, serves, one after the other in a character discrimination circle 67, 68 or 69) the To generate potential combinations (0 and 1), which correspond to the telegraphic characters of the successive Corresponding characters, these combinations of the states (0 and 1) corresponding Potentials in the character discrimination circle be compared one after the other with that potential combination that gives one received character corresponds to which in the character discrimination circle is under control was stored by a control circuit (71) responsive to the received characters, for this purpose a transmission pulse when each character assigned to a character is received gives off, so that as soon as there is agreement between the compared potential combinations is obtained, a character discrimination pulse from the character discrimination circle is generated for actuating the print hammer device in question Via a pressure distributor which makes the pressure hammer devices operational one after the other (501 to 525) is used, its operational stage from a pressure distribution pulse, which is also is supplied by the control circuit for each received character, is advanced to the To print characters side by side on a recording sheet (103). 2. Printer device according to claim 1, characterized in that the character distinguishing circle (67, 68 or 69) contains a number of bistable storage devices (401 to 406), in which the separating steps (0) and the character steps (1) of the received character are stored and which accordingly serve to either have a significant potential or a potential significant to the individual gate circuits of a corresponding one Number of pulse-differentiating gate circuits (431 to 436) to which the successive binary potential combinations, which are supplied by the counter (77), also applied so that as soon as there is a match between the all gates, applied Potentials is reached, a distinctive sign posture (481 to 486), which is common to all pulse discriminating gate circuits is connected to the character discrimination pulse to the Pressure distributor (501 to 525). 3. Printer device according to claim 2, characterized in that the separating and drawing steps of all received characters from a receiving circuit (65) on coincidence gates (421 to 426) are given in the relevant character discrimination circle (67, 68 or 69), these coincidence gates are set to access the bistable memory devices (401 to 406) only the steps of those characters received by means of the transmission pulses supplied by the control circuit (71) transmit which characters represent. 4. Printer device according to claim 3, characterized in that the drawing and separating steps the characters received one after the other via an incoming line (53) initially below Controlled by a start-stop distributor (334-340) operated by a start-stop oscillator (326) in a number of bistable storage devices (347 to 351) in the receiving circuit (65) can be saved without the associated start-up and blocking steps, these Storage devices are connected to the coincidence gates (421 to 426) to store the current steps to be able to feed them, and that the transmission pulses through which the coincidence gates are set by the control circuit (71) when blocking pulses arrive which are supplied by a blocking element (340) of the start-stop distributor-, however by means of character distinguishing means (554 to 560, 588) in the control circuit can be prevented from generating transmission pulses if Characters arrive that do not mean any characters to be printed. 5. Printer device according to claim 4, characterized in that the control circuit (71) with a number of coincidence gates (554 to 560, 588) which those step combinations the received. Can recognize characters that cannot be printed. Characters mean e.g. B. "Letter shift", "Digit shift", "Carriage return" and "Space", wherein the coincidence gates are provided with pulse suppression means (548, 585) in the control circuit are connected to the generation of the transmission pulses and the pressure distribution pulses in such a way that in the case of all these non-character significant characters, except Space character that suppresses transmission and pressure distribution pulses so that these characters are not stored in the bistable memory devices (401 to 406) of the Character distinction circle (67.68 or 69) and no progression of the operational level of the pressure distributor (501 to 525), and in the case of space characters only the transmission pulses are suppressed, so that the corresponding characters are not in the bistable memory devices are stored, but cause the operational stage of the pressure distributor is indexed by the corresponding pressure distribution pulses to the required gap between the printed characters. 6. Printer device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the counting pulses for the binary counter (77) are supplied by one or more magnetic scanning devices (126) which are excited by projections (124) on an index wheel (123) , which is attached to ■ the continuously rotating type wheel (101). 7. Printer device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each Print hammer device (107) is controlled by its own pressure circuit, which is an electrical Discharge device (z. B. a gas discharge tube 901) contains, separately by means of a Presetting pulse is preset, which is supplied by the pressure distributor (501 to 525) so that the discharge device can be ignited by the character discrimination pulse can and thereby actuates the corresponding print hammer device. 8. Pressure device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that several character discrimination circles (& 7, 68 and 69) are provided, which are all connected to the binary counter (77) and the control circuit (71) and which each have a separate pressure distributor (501 to 525) and its associated row of print hammer devices (107 ) are assigned, the corresponding print hammer devices of the different rows opposite successive rows of printing types (104) are on the type wheel (101), and that the transmission and pressure distribution pulses from the control circuit (71) the individual character differentiation circles and the assigned pressure distributors one after the other under control are fed through a pulse distributor (563 to 565, 605 to 607) in the control circuit, the operating stage of the pulse distributor corresponding to the successive ones received characters progresses, so that the successive characters, which characters mean in different character circles during overlapping periods are stored, in which the individual potential combinations that the stored Signs that can be compared with the successive combinations of potentials, which are simultaneously in the different character circles of distinction by the binary Counters are generated so that several characters during a single rotation of the type wheel can be printed by the print hammer devices. In addition 9 sheets of drawings © 809 790/236 4.59