DE1051986B - Process for the simultaneous venting and sealing of vacuum-tight electrical gas discharge vessels, especially surge arresters for telephony - Google Patents
Process for the simultaneous venting and sealing of vacuum-tight electrical gas discharge vessels, especially surge arresters for telephonyInfo
- Publication number
- DE1051986B DE1051986B DEK26598A DEK0026598A DE1051986B DE 1051986 B DE1051986 B DE 1051986B DE K26598 A DEK26598 A DE K26598A DE K0026598 A DEK0026598 A DE K0026598A DE 1051986 B DE1051986 B DE 1051986B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- caps
- electrodes
- vacuum
- sealing
- telephony
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- BAVMXDNHWGQCSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-2,3-dimethylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(CCC=2C(=C(C)C=CC=2)C)=C1C BAVMXDNHWGQCSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
- C04B37/028—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles by means of an interlayer consisting of an organic adhesive, e.g. phenol resin or pitch
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
- H01J17/38—Cold-cathode tubes
- H01J17/40—Cold-cathode tubes with one cathode and one anode, e.g. glow tubes, tuning-indicator glow tubes, voltage-stabiliser tubes, voltage-indicator tubes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J7/00—Details not provided for in the preceding groups and common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J7/14—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/38—Exhausting, degassing, filling, or cleaning vessels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
- H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
- C04B2235/6581—Total pressure below 1 atmosphere, e.g. vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/666—Applying a current during sintering, e.g. plasma sintering [SPS], electrical resistance heating or pulse electric current sintering [PECS]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/40—Metallic
- C04B2237/405—Iron metal group, e.g. Co or Ni
- C04B2237/406—Iron, e.g. steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/59—Aspects relating to the structure of the interlayer
- C04B2237/592—Aspects relating to the structure of the interlayer whereby the interlayer is not continuous, e.g. not the whole surface of the smallest substrate is covered by the interlayer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/80—Joining the largest surface of one substrate with a smaller surface of the other substrate, e.g. butt joining or forming a T-joint
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/634—Polymers
- C04B35/63448—Polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B35/63488—Polyethers, e.g. alkylphenol polyglycolether, polyethylene glycol [PEG], polyethylene oxide [PEO]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/653—Processes involving a melting step
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zum gleichzeitigen Entlüften und Verschließen vakuumdichter elektrischer Gasentladungsgefäße, insbesondere Uberspannungsableiter für Telefonie Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum gleichzeitigen Entlüften und Verschließen vakuumdichter elektrischer Gasentladungsgefäße, insbesondere Überspannungsableiter für Telefonie, aus Glas oder Keramik mit Verschlußklappen, vorzugsweise aus Metall, unter Erwärmung eines Lotes in einer Vakuumkammer. Bei einem bekannten Verfahren dieser Art wird der die miteinander zu verbindenden Teile aufnehmende Behälter zunächst entlüftet, dann werden mittels einer den Behälter durchsetzenden Vorrichtung die miteinander zu verbindenden Teile gegeneinander bewegt. Anschließend wird das aus Lötmetall bestehende Dichtungsmaterial durch Wirbelstrom erwärmt. Dieses Verfahren erfordert eine verhältnismäßig umständliche Vorrichtung und ermöglicht kein genaues Arbeiten.Process for simultaneous venting and sealing of vacuum-tight electrical gas discharge vessels, in particular surge arresters for telephony The invention relates to a method for simultaneous venting and closing vacuum-tight electrical gas discharge vessels, in particular surge arresters for telephony, made of glass or ceramic with locking flaps, preferably made of metal, while heating a solder in a vacuum chamber. In a known method of this type, the container receiving the parts to be joined together is initially vented, then by means of a device penetrating the container, the Parts to be connected to one another are moved against one another. Then that will be off Solder heats existing sealing material by eddy currents. This method requires a relatively cumbersome device and does not allow an accurate one Work.
Ein wesentliches Merkmal der Erfindung besteht darin, daß das Entladungsgefäß vor dem Entlüften zu einer Einheit zusammengesetzt wird, bei der die Kappen unter Einfügen von mit Luftdurchlässen versehenen Kunstharzringen gegen den Kolben gedrückt werden. Diese Einheit kann vor dem Einführen in das Entladungsgefäß auf das genaueste zusammengesetzt werden. Auch lassen sich mehrere Einheiten gleichzeitig in ein und demselben Entladungsgefäß entlüften und verschließen. Das Verfahren läßt sich durchführen, ohne daß eine mechanische Verstellung der miteinander zu verbindenden Teile in dein Entlüftungsgefäß erforderlich ist. Das 'Verfahren ist daher nicht nur einfacher, sondern ergibt auch ein wesentlich besseres Resultat.An essential feature of the invention is that the discharge vessel is assembled into a unit before venting, with the caps under Insertion of synthetic resin rings provided with air passages pressed against the piston will. This unit can be very precisely before being introduced into the discharge vessel be put together. Several units can also be installed in one and at the same time Vent and close the same discharge vessel. The procedure can be carried out without a mechanical adjustment of the parts to be connected in your Ventilation vessel is required. The 'procedure is therefore not only simpler, but also gives a much better result.
Vorteilhafterweise ist gemäß der weiteren Erfindung der als Lot verwendete Kunstharzring eingeschnürt oder geschlitzt.According to the further invention, the solder used as a solder is advantageous Resin ring constricted or slotted.
Weitere wesentliche Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Patentansprüchen und der Beschreibung.Further essential features of the invention emerge from the patent claims and the description.
In der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung beispielsweise veranschaulicht, und zwar zeigt Fig. 1 einen Überspannungsableiter nach der Erfindung im Längsschnitt, Fig. 2 einen Schnitt gemäß Linie II-II der Fig. 1, Fig. 3 einen bei dem Verfahren nach der Erfindung zur Verwendung kommenden geschlitzten Schmelzring in Draufsicht, Fig. 4a und 4b zwei Querschnitte durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Schmelzring mit Einschnürungen, Fig.5 einen Abschnitt eines bei dem Verfahren nach der Erfindung zur Verwendung kommenden Va-. kuumrohres im Längsschnitt, Fig.6 einen Querschnitt nach Linie VI-VI der Fig. 7 durch einen Überspannungsableiter einer anderen Ausführungsform und Fig. 7 den überspannungsableiter nach Fig. 6 in Seitenansicht und teilweise im Schnitt gemäß Linie VII-VII der Fig. 6.In the drawing, the invention is illustrated, for example, namely Fig. 1 shows a surge arrester according to the invention in longitudinal section, FIG. 2 shows a section along line II-II in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows a section during the process slotted melt ring coming to use according to the invention in plan view, 4a and 4b show two cross sections through a fusible ring according to the invention with constrictions, Fig. 5 shows a section of a for use in the method according to the invention coming Va-. kuumrohres in longitudinal section, Figure 6 a cross section along line VI-VI 7 by a surge arrester of another embodiment and FIG. 7 shows the surge arrester according to FIG. 6 in side view and partially in section according to line VII-VII of FIG. 6.
In Fig. 1 ist ein zylindrischer Überspannungsableiter dargestellt, der aus einem aus Glas oder Keramik bestehenden zylindrischen Rohr 1 gebildet ist, das ebene Enden besitzt, auf denen je eine topfförmige Kappe 2 aufgesetzt ist. Die Kappen bestehen vorzugsweise aus Metall und besitzen je eine Elektrodenzuführung 3 mit zugehöriger Elektrode 4. Kappe, Elektrodenzuführung und Elektrode bestehen vorzugsweise aus Eisen in einem einzigen Stück, das beispielsweise im Warmpreßverfahren geformt ist. Zum Schutze gegen Korrosion kann das Eisen vernickelt werden. Außer Eisen können auch andere Metalle zur Verwendung kommen, insbesondere solche, die sich warm pressen oder spritzen lassen. Zwischen jeder Kappe 2 und dem Rohr 1 befindet sich das Lot als eine ringförmige Zwischenlage 5 aus einem Material, das bei etwa 300° C schmilzt. Die Stirnflächen des Rohres 1 sind in an sich bekannter Weise metallisiert.In Fig. 1 a cylindrical surge arrester is shown, which is formed from a cylindrical tube 1 made of glass or ceramic, the flat ends, on each of which a cup-shaped cap 2 is placed. the Caps are preferably made of metal and each have an electrode lead 3 with associated electrode 4. Cap, electrode feed and electrode consist preferably made of iron in a single piece, for example by hot pressing is shaped. The iron can be nickel-plated to protect it against corrosion. Except Iron, other metals can also be used, especially those that to be pressed or injected warm. Located between each cap 2 and the tube 1 the solder as an annular intermediate layer 5 made of a material that is at about 300 ° C melts. The end faces of the tube 1 are metallized in a manner known per se.
Lm der späteren Gasbildung vorzubeugen, werden in an sich bekannter Weise die metallischen Kappen mit ihren Elektroden vor dem Zusammensetzen der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Rohreinheit in gesonderten Hochvakuumbehältern vorher geglüht und entgast. Ferner werden die Elektroden in an sich bekannter Weise vor dem Zusammensetzen der Rohreinheit mit Getterstoffen 6 versehen.To prevent the later formation of gas are known per se Way the metallic caps with their electrodes before assembling the in Fig. 1 shown tube unit in separate high vacuum tanks previously annealed and degassed. Furthermore, the electrodes are pre-assembled in a manner known per se the tube unit is provided with getter substances 6.
Die Zwischenlage 5 ist so ausgestaltet, daß sie vor der Erwärmung und vor dem Schmelzen einen Durchlaß für Luft bzw. Edelgas hat. Zu diesem Zweck kann der Ring, wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt, einen Schlitz 8 besitzen. Der Ring kann aber auch geschlossen und mit Einschnürungen 9 versehen oder perlschnurartig ausgebildet sein, wie in Fig.4a und 4b dargestellt. Zur Minderung des Gasströmungswiderstandes kann die Kappe 2 außerdem noch Pumpnuten 2a erhalten.The intermediate layer 5 is designed so that it is before the heating and has a passage for air or noble gas before melting. To this end the ring, as shown in FIG. 3, may have a slot 8. The ring can but also closed and provided with constrictions 9 or like a string of pearls be designed as shown in Figure 4a and 4b. To reduce the gas flow resistance the cap 2 can also receive pump grooves 2a.
Die Röhreneinheit nach Fig. 1 wird zweckmäßigerweise durch eine in Fig. 5 dargestellte federnde Klarnmer 10 zusammengehalten. Eine oder mehrere derartige Röhreneinheiten werden in eine rohrförmige Vakuumkammer 11 gesteckt, deren Deckel 12 an eine Vakuumpumpe anschließbar ist. Wird die Vakuumkammer luftleer gepumpt, dann wird die Luft auch aus den Röhreneinheiten über die Schlitze 8 bzw. Einschnürungen 9 der Zwischenlagen abgesaugt. Hierauf werden die Vakuumkammer und- damit die Röhreneinheiten mit dem passenden Edelgas gefüllt.The tube unit according to FIG. 1 is expediently by an in Fig. 5 shown resilient clip 10 held together. One or more such Tube units are inserted into a tubular vacuum chamber 11, the cover of which 12 can be connected to a vacuum pump. If the vacuum chamber is evacuated, then the air is also out of the tube units via the slits 8 or constrictions 9 of the intermediate layers sucked off. Then the vacuum chamber and thus the tube units filled with the appropriate noble gas.
Um die Röhren mit ihren Kappen mechanisch fest und vakuumdicht zu verbinden und gleichzeitig den verhältnismäßig großen Hohlraum der Röhreneinheiten vakuumdicht abzuschließen, werden die Zwischenlagen (Schmelzringe) durch Erwärmung mittels Hochfrequenzenergie zum Schmelzen gebracht. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine Hochfrequenzspule 13 über die rohrförmige Vakuumkammer gestreift und so lange etwa in der Ebene der Zwischenlage gehalten, bis diese Zwischenlage durch Wärmeübernahme von den angrenzenden Metallen geschmolzen ist. jede Zwischenlage wird einer derartigen Erwärmung unterworfen. Beim Schmelzen verbindet sich die Masse des Schmelzringes einerseits mit der Metallkappe, andererseits mit der metallisierten Auflagefläche des Rohres. Nach dem Erkalten der Entladungsröhren wird atmosphärische Luft in die Vakuumkammer gelassen. Dann können die fertigen Überspannungsableiter der Vakuumkammer 11 entnommen werden. Es ist ein bedeutender Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, daß fertige, jedoch aus irgendwelchen Gründen undicht gebliebene Entladungsröhren die anderen in der Vakuumkammer befindlichen brauchbaren Röhren nicht gefährden, was bei dem bisher üblichen Pumpverfahren mit Pumprechen an der atmosphärischen Luft bekanntlich nicht der Fall ist.To close the tubes with their caps mechanically tight and vacuum-tight connect and at the same time the relatively large cavity of the tube units To close vacuum-tight, the intermediate layers (melting rings) are heated by heating melted by means of high frequency energy. For this purpose a high frequency coil is used 13 slipped over the tubular vacuum chamber and as long as approximately in the plane of the Liner held until this liner through heat transfer from the adjacent Metals has melted. each intermediate layer is subjected to such heating. When melting, the mass of the melting ring connects on the one hand with the metal cap, on the other hand with the metalized support surface of the pipe. After cooling down the discharge tubes, atmospheric air is let into the vacuum chamber. then the finished surge arresters can be removed from the vacuum chamber 11. It is a significant advantage of the method of the invention that finished, however Discharge tubes that have remained leaky for some reason, the other in the Vacuum chamber located usable tubes do not endanger what has been done so far It is well known that conventional pumping methods with pumping rakes in atmospheric air are not the case is.
Verwendet man Zwischenlagen (Schmelzringe) aus einem Kunstharz, dann kommt man mit einer geringeren Erwärmung aus, da bekanntlich Kunstharze, beispielsweise Äthoxylen, schon im Bereich von 100 bis 200° C binden.If you use intermediate layers (melting rings) made of a synthetic resin, then you can get by with less heating, since synthetic resins are known, for example Ethoxylene, bind in the range of 100 to 200 ° C.
Die Erfindung ist naturgemäß nicht auf die Anwendung der in Fig. 1 dargestellten zylindrischen Überspannungsableiter beschränkt. Die Überspannungsableiter können auch eine in den Fig.6 und 7 beispielsweise dargestellte Kastenform haben. Es können grundsätzlich auch andere Entladungsröhren nach dem Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung hergestellt werden, beispielsweise Blitzlichtlampen.The invention is of course not related to the application of the one shown in FIG shown cylindrical surge arrester limited. The surge arresters can also have a box shape, for example shown in FIGS. In principle, other discharge tubes can also be used according to the method according to FIG Invention are produced, for example flash lamps.
Der in den Fig. 6 und 7 dargestellte Ableiter besitzt zwei rechteckige plattenförmige Kappen 14, von denen jede mit einer angeformten Plattenelektrode 15 ausgerüstet ist. Kappen 14 und Plattenelektroden 15 bestehen aus einem im Warmpreß- oder Spritzverfahren hergestellten Stück. Die Zwischenlagen 16 besitzen ebenfalls rechteckige Form. Sie sind zum Luft- und Gasdurchlaß geschlitzt oder mit Einschnürungen versehen.The arrester shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 has two rectangular ones plate-shaped caps 14, each of which with an integrally formed plate electrode 15 is equipped. Caps 14 and plate electrodes 15 consist of a hot-pressed or injection-molded piece. The intermediate layers 16 also have rectangular form. They are slotted for air and gas passage or with constrictions Mistake.
Zur Erzielung kleiner Brennspannungen werden die Elektroden mit dünnen Schichten aus Elementen der II. oder III. Gruppe des Periodischen Systems der chemischen Elemente überzogen. Auch können die Elektroden mit Verbindungen, wie z. B. Oxyden oder Salzen der Elemente der II. oder III. Gruppe des Periodischen Systems der chemischen Elemente bedeckt werden.In order to achieve low operating voltages, the electrodes are made with thin ones Layers of elements from II. Or III. Group of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements covered. The electrodes can also be connected to compounds such. B. Oxides or salts of the elements of II. or III. Group of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements are covered.
Das Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung ist besonders bei solchen Gefäßformen von großem Vorteil, bei denen die Gefäße äußerst klein sein und infolgedessen keinen Pumpenstutzen haben müssen.The method according to the invention is particularly useful with such vessel shapes of great advantage in which the vessels are extremely small and consequently none Must have pump nozzles.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEK26598A DE1051986B (en) | 1955-08-15 | 1955-08-15 | Process for the simultaneous venting and sealing of vacuum-tight electrical gas discharge vessels, especially surge arresters for telephony |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEK26598A DE1051986B (en) | 1955-08-15 | 1955-08-15 | Process for the simultaneous venting and sealing of vacuum-tight electrical gas discharge vessels, especially surge arresters for telephony |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1051986B true DE1051986B (en) | 1959-03-05 |
Family
ID=7217652
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEK26598A Pending DE1051986B (en) | 1955-08-15 | 1955-08-15 | Process for the simultaneous venting and sealing of vacuum-tight electrical gas discharge vessels, especially surge arresters for telephony |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE1051986B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1089482B (en) * | 1959-08-21 | 1960-09-22 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of a gas-filled pump stemless discharge vessel |
| DE1117782B (en) * | 1959-03-05 | 1961-11-23 | Rca Corp | Process and device for the vacuum treatment of several workpieces, for example electron tubes, in a common vacuum vessel |
| DE1176763B (en) | 1961-02-13 | 1964-08-27 | Gen Electric | Shell body consisting of several wall parts, in particular electrical discharge tubes in metal-ceramic construction, and method for producing the shell body |
| DE1195415B (en) * | 1960-01-07 | 1965-06-24 | Commissariat A L En Antomique | Process for the production of a miniature ionization chamber which can be used as a neutron detector and which delivers pulses |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR726875A (en) * | 1930-11-28 | 1932-06-04 | Egyesuelt Izzolampa | Surge protection device |
| DE645871C (en) * | 1935-04-07 | 1937-06-04 | Siemens & Halske Akt Ges | Process for the production of vacuum-tight electrical vessels using the soldering process |
| DE719193C (en) * | 1938-10-07 | 1942-04-01 | Patra Patent Treuhand | Method for closing vacuum vessels within a vacuum chamber |
| DE750219C (en) * | 1936-08-28 | 1945-01-04 | Process for the production of electric discharge vessels without a pump nozzle | |
| DE879428C (en) * | 1951-07-14 | 1953-06-11 | Kurt Dr Sc Nat Diels | Process for the manufacture of cathode ray tubes in which the glass parts are connected to a metal or ceramic bulb |
-
1955
- 1955-08-15 DE DEK26598A patent/DE1051986B/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR726875A (en) * | 1930-11-28 | 1932-06-04 | Egyesuelt Izzolampa | Surge protection device |
| DE645871C (en) * | 1935-04-07 | 1937-06-04 | Siemens & Halske Akt Ges | Process for the production of vacuum-tight electrical vessels using the soldering process |
| DE750219C (en) * | 1936-08-28 | 1945-01-04 | Process for the production of electric discharge vessels without a pump nozzle | |
| DE719193C (en) * | 1938-10-07 | 1942-04-01 | Patra Patent Treuhand | Method for closing vacuum vessels within a vacuum chamber |
| DE879428C (en) * | 1951-07-14 | 1953-06-11 | Kurt Dr Sc Nat Diels | Process for the manufacture of cathode ray tubes in which the glass parts are connected to a metal or ceramic bulb |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1117782B (en) * | 1959-03-05 | 1961-11-23 | Rca Corp | Process and device for the vacuum treatment of several workpieces, for example electron tubes, in a common vacuum vessel |
| DE1089482B (en) * | 1959-08-21 | 1960-09-22 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of a gas-filled pump stemless discharge vessel |
| DE1195415B (en) * | 1960-01-07 | 1965-06-24 | Commissariat A L En Antomique | Process for the production of a miniature ionization chamber which can be used as a neutron detector and which delivers pulses |
| DE1176763B (en) | 1961-02-13 | 1964-08-27 | Gen Electric | Shell body consisting of several wall parts, in particular electrical discharge tubes in metal-ceramic construction, and method for producing the shell body |
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