DE1050420B

DE1050420B -

Info

Publication number: DE1050420B
Application number: DENDAT1050420D
Authority: DE
Publication date: 1959-02-12

Description

DEUTSCHESGERMAN

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf Schalter mit Lächtbogenlängung mittels magnetischer Ablenkvorrichtung, bei denen nach Erreichen einer gewissen, noch zulässigen Lichtbogenlängei die größer ist als die zur Löschung notwendige Länge, eine weitere Lichtl)ogen.fußpunktswanderung erfolgt, ohne daß die zulässige Lichtbogenlänge überschritten wird. Bekannte Schalter dieser Art, die .ausschließlich zur Abschaltung von Wechselstrom Verwendung finden, sind beispielsweise derart auegebildet, daß die Lichtbogenfußpunkte nach erfolgter Längung sehr schnell auf kreisförmigen Bahnen bewegt werden. Zu diesem Zweok sind diese Schalter mit einer zusätzlichen Vorrichtung versehen, in der nicht nur die Lichtbogenfußpunkte, sondern der gesamte Lichtbogen eine 15' rotierende Bewegung durchführt.The invention relates to switches with arc elongation by means of magnetic deflection devices, in which, after reaching a certain, still permissible arc length which is greater than the length necessary for extinguishing, another Lichtl) ogen.fußpunktwanderung takes place without exceeding the permissible arc length. Known switches of this type, which are used exclusively for switching off alternating current, are designed, for example, in such a way that the arc base points are moved very quickly on circular paths after elongation has taken place. For this purpose, these switches are provided with an additional device in which not only the arc roots but the entire arc performs a 15 ' rotating movement.

Die Erfindung macht dagegen von einer MeOhode Gebrauch, die es gestattet, ohne grundlegende Veränderungen der Schalterabmessungen und ohne zusätzliche Vorrichtungen größeren Ausmaßes die *« Lichtbogenlöschung zu erleichtern. Gemäß der Erfindung sind derartige Schalter so ausgebildet, daß derjenige Lichtbogenteilabschnitt, der über die zur Löschung notwendige Lichtbogenlänge hinausgeht, periodisch kurzgeschlossen wird. Es erfolgt also nicht »5 jeweils eine Neuzündung des gesamten Schaltlichtbogeris, sondern es werden, nachdem der Lichtbogen die zur Löschung notwendige Lange erreicht hat, nur diejenigen Teilabschnitte, die diese notwendige Länge überschreiten, in periodischer Folge IcurzgescMosssen und wieder gelangt. Schalter gemäß der Erfindung sind besonders geeignet für die Abschaltung von Gleichstromkreisen, insbesondere solchen mit großer Zeitkonstante. Bekanntlich treten bei sehr schneller Abschaltung eines derartigen Stromkreises hohe Uberspannungen auf,, die zu Durchschlagen der Anjagenisolation führen können. Es ist daher notwendig, will man eine schnelle Lichtbogenlängung beibehalten, um dadurch in kürzester Zeit eine hohe Lichtbogenspannung zu erhalten, die Lichtbogenspannung nur bis auf einen solchen Wert anwachsen zu lassen, bei dem. eine Überbeanspruchung und Beschädigung der Anlage mit Sicherheit vermieden wird. Das hat aber zur Folge, daß der Lichtbogen oder, besser, seine Fußpunkte- nach Erreichen der zulässigen Liditbogetispannung, die durch die Länge der Laufschienen bestimmt werden kann, an den Enden der Laufschienen stehenbleiben, und zwar so. lange, bis die in den Induktivitäten des Stromkreises aufgespeicherte magnetische Energie abgeklungen ist. Das Stehenbleiben der LichtbogenfuBpunkte an den Enden der Latifsdhicnen hat aber zur Folge, daß an diesen Stellen ein sehr starker Abbrand auftritt und die Enden der Laufschienen dabei zerstört werdenIn contrast, the invention makes use of a method which makes it possible to facilitate the arc extinguishing process without fundamental changes in the dimensions of the switch and without additional large-scale devices. According to the invention, such switches are designed so that that arc sub-section which goes beyond the arc length necessary for extinguishing is periodically short-circuited. It is thus not reached "5 each a re-ignition of the entire Schaltlichtbogeris, but it will be after the arc has reached the required for deletion Long, only those sections that exceed this minimum length required in periodic sequence IcurzgescMosssen and again. Switches according to the invention are particularly suitable for switching off DC circuits, in particular those with a large time constant. It is known that high overvoltages occur when such a circuit is switched off very quickly, which can lead to breakdown of the chasing insulation. It is therefore necessary, if you want to maintain a rapid arc elongation in order to obtain a high arc voltage in the shortest possible time, to allow the arc voltage to increase only to a value at which. Overstressing and damage to the system can be avoided with certainty. However, this has the consequence that the arc or, better, its base points, after reaching the permissible Liditbogetis voltage, which can be determined by the length of the rails, stop at the ends of the rails, namely like this. long until the magnetic energy stored in the inductance of the circuit has subsided. However, the fact that the arc roots remain at the ends of the lathe wall has the consequence that very strong burn-off occurs at these points and the ends of the running rails are destroyed in the process

Elektrischer SchalterElectric switch

Anmelder: Calor-Emag Elektrizitäts-Aktiengesellschaft, Ratingen bei Düsseldorf, Bahnstr, 39-45Applicant: Calor Emag Electricity corporation, Ratingen near Düsseldorf, Bahnstr, 39-45

Di.-Ing. Dr.-Iag, e. h. Erwin Marx,
Braunschweig-Gliesmarode,
und Dr.-lng, Di.-Ing. e. h. Ludwig Schmitz,
Ratingen bei Düsseldorf,
sind als Erfinder genannt wordenDi.-Ing. Dr.-Iag, eh Erwin Marx,
Braunschweig-Gliesmarode,
and Dr.-lng, Di.-Ing. eh Ludwig Schmitz,
Ratingen near Düsseldorf,
have been named as inventors

können. Um diese Nachteile zu vermeiden, werden daher die Fußpunkte des Lichtbogens in dauernder Bewegung gehalten, und zwar dadurch, daß die betreffenden Lichtbogenteile periodisch kurzgeschlossen werden. Nach jeder Kurzschließung wird der kurzgeschlossene Lichtbogentedl wieder gelängt und nach Erreichen seiner maximalen Länge wiederum kurzgeschlossen. Die Lichtbogenspannung hat dabei in etwa einen sägezahnähnlichen Charakter, wobei der Mittelwert an sich konstant bleibt Dieser Vorgang wiederholt sich so lange, bis die magnetische Energie im Stromkreis abgeklungen ist und, am Schalter die normale Betriebsspannung auftritt.' In diesem Moment erfolgt die Löschung des Lichtbogens und somit die Abschaltung.can. In order to avoid these disadvantages, the base points of the arc are therefore permanent Movement held by the fact that the arc parts concerned periodically short-circuited will. After each short circuit, the short-circuited arc tube is lengthened again and gradually Once again short-circuited when reaching its maximum length. The arc voltage has in approximately a sawtooth-like character, whereby the mean value itself remains constant. This process repeats itself until the magnetic energy in the circuit has decayed and, on the switch, the normal operating voltage occurs. ' At this moment the arc is extinguished and thus the shutdown.

Um ein einwandfreies Arbeiten des Schalters zu gewährleisten und um eine genaue Fixierung des kurzzuschließenden Lichtbogenteiles zu erhalten, ist es vorteilhaft, wenigstens eine Lichtbogenwanderungsschiene an der Stelle, an der die periodische Kurzschließungdes betreffenden Lichtbogenteilabschnittes erfolgen soll, abzukrümmen oder mit einem Vorsprung, beispielsweise eirier Nase, zu versehen. Bei Schaltern, bei denen die Wanderungsschienen jeweils im Spalt der Ablenlcvorrichtung angeordnet sind, besteht auch die Möglichkeit, die Spalttiefe an dieser Stelle entsprechend zu verringern, Ferner kann eine wirksame Beeinflussung des kurzzuschließenden Lichtbogenteiles dadurch erzielt werden, daß das den Liditbogen von den Wanderungsschienen wegtreibende Magnetfeld geschwächt oder in seiner Ausdehnung verringert wird,To ensure that the switch works properly and that the To obtain short-circuited arc part, it is advantageous to have at least one arc travel rail at the point at which the periodic short-circuiting of the relevant arc section should take place, to curve or to provide a projection, for example egg nose. at Switches in which the migration rails are each arranged in the gap of the Ablenlcvorrichtung exists also the possibility of reducing the gap depth accordingly at this point effective influencing of the arc part to be short-circuited can be achieved in that the the Lidite arches driving away the magnetic field or weakened in its expansion is reduced,

Nähere Einzelheiten der Erfindung sind an Hand von Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert.Further details of the invention are explained using exemplary embodiments.

809 749/248809 749/248

Claims

3, FIG. 1 shows the front elevation and FIG. 2 the plan view of a switching device which operates according to the method according to the invention. The migration rails for the base point are sharply curved twice on the right-hand side in their upper area, ie before the rail end 4, which the arc reaches at its greatest length. On the left-hand side of Fig. 1, the traveling rail is not bent, it is only the depth of the gap in which the arc travels is reduced. In terms of production, the stretched design of the wandering rail, as shown on the left side of the figure, is more advantageous than the curved design shown on the right. The latter, however, has the advantage of requiring less space or of the lower overall height. During the shutdown process, the contact point between parts 1 and 3 is opened after separating the main contacts that have not been drawn. Under the influence of the magnetic field, after the two partial arcs have been combined, that is, in the first part of the switch-off phase, the resulting arc will assume a shape as indicated by the line 5 in FIG. The upward migration of the central area of the arc should be prevented by the insulating material wall6. When the greatest arc length is reached, it will have a course which is characterized by the line 7, for example. While the air gap in area 8 is dimensioned so deep that re-ignitions or re-ignitions of the arc do not occur after the greatest length has been reached, the width of the air gap in area 9 is chosen so small and the magnetic field that deflects the arc, as well as the migration rail for the Arc base point shaped so that, for example, at this point 9, when the arc has reached its greatest length 7, the arc part section 10 is short-circuited. The consequence of this is a renewed lengthening of the arc up to approximately the maximum length 7, after which the game repeats itself through a further short circuit, for example at the SteOle 9, until the final arc extinction. To short circuit the arc on. To ensure a predetermined point, it is expedient that in this area of the migration rails the magnetic field driving the arc away from the migration rails is weakened and / or its extent is reduced. As by the periodic brushing of the arc of the last. Zonell of the foot hike rail this is thermally more heavily stressed, it is advantageous to make its cross-section larger than in its remaining part. Basically, it is only necessary to periodically short-circuit the corresponding cable arc section at a point near the end of the running rail arrangement, which can be achieved by any protruding electrode parts or the like. which will periodically occur when the voltage between the part of the arc located near the nose and the nose itself has become sufficiently high. In the same way, a lowering of the magnet arrangement, as indicated by the dashed line 16, would be effective without an increase 15 then being necessary. However, it is also easily possible to take both measures at the same time. P, \ TKNT AXS IMiCdIE;

1. Electrical switch with arc elongation by means of magnetic deflection device, in which after reaching a certain, still, permissible arc length, which is greater than that for Extinguishing the necessary length, another arc base migration takes place without the permissible arc length is exceeded, is marked by such a design that the arc section that goes beyond the arc length required for extinguishing, is periodically short-circuited.

2. Switch according to Ansprucli 1, characterized in that at least one arc travel rail at the point at which the periodic short-circuiting of the relevant arc section ends is to take place, is bent.

3. Switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one migration rail at the point at which the periodic Short-circuiting of the relevant arc part shield is to take place with a protrusion, for example a nose is provided.

4. Switch according to claim 1 or the following, in which the migration rails in each case in the gap Deflecting device are arranged, characterized in that at the point where the periodic Short-circuiting of the relevant arc section is to take place, the gap depth is decreased.

5. Switch according to claim 1 or the following, characterized in that on. the place where the periodic Kurzsdblieung of the relevant arc section is to take place that the The magnetic field driving the gap away from the migration rail is weakened and / or in its expansion is decreased.

6. Switch according to claim 1 or the following, characterized in that the cross section of the Wandering rail in. The area from the periodically short-circuited arc section is repeated, is reinforced.

Considered publications:
German patent specifications No. 312 134, 914870,
568, 547 335, 590 810, 578 224, 576 932.

1 sheet of drawings