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DE05812004T1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur ultraschallverarbeitung von laminaten - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und verfahren zur ultraschallverarbeitung von laminaten Download PDF

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Publication number
DE05812004T1
DE05812004T1 DE05812004T DE05812004T DE05812004T1 DE 05812004 T1 DE05812004 T1 DE 05812004T1 DE 05812004 T DE05812004 T DE 05812004T DE 05812004 T DE05812004 T DE 05812004T DE 05812004 T1 DE05812004 T1 DE 05812004T1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
laminate
ultrasonic vibration
ultrasonic
force
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE05812004T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Edward W. Arlington LEE
Avraham Upper Arlington BENATAR
David Ames GREWELL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bell Helicopter Textron Inc
Ohio State University Research Foundation
Original Assignee
Bell Helicopter Textron Inc
Ohio State University Research Foundation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bell Helicopter Textron Inc, Ohio State University Research Foundation filed Critical Bell Helicopter Textron Inc
Publication of DE05812004T1 publication Critical patent/DE05812004T1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/081—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations having a component of vibration not perpendicular to the welding surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/342—Preventing air-inclusions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73753—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized
    • B29C66/73754—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being partially cured
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B29C66/73941—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91216—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods enabling contactless temperature measurements, e.g. using a pyrometer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91441—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time
    • B29C66/91443—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time following a temperature-time profile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to time, e.g. temperature-time diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/922—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B29C66/92211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force or the mechanical power with special measurement means or methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9516—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools by controlling their vibration amplitude
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

Verfahren zum Ultraschallbearbeiten eines Schichtstoffs, folgende Schritte umfassend:
Definieren eines Weges über den Schichtstoff, wobei der Weg eine Anfangsposition und eine Endposition aufweist;
Anwenden einer Kraft auf den Schichtstoff und Übertragen von Ultraschallvibration in den Schichtstoff am Weg entlang, anfangend an der Anfangsposition und endend an der Endposition;
Bestimmen einer Temperatur einer Fläche des Schichtstoffes in Nachbarschaft des Wegs; und
Variieren von wenigstens einem der Folgenden: der Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration, der angewandten Kraft, einer Zufuhrrate, mit der die Kraft und die Ultraschallvibration am Weg entlang angewandt werden, einem Winkel, mit dem die Ultraschallvibration auf den Schichtstoff angewandt wird, oder einem Intervall, mit dem Lagen des Schichtstoffes bearbeitet werden, auf Basis der bestimmten Temperatur der Fläche des Schichtstoffs.

Claims (29)

  1. Verfahren zum Ultraschallbearbeiten eines Schichtstoffs, folgende Schritte umfassend: Definieren eines Weges über den Schichtstoff, wobei der Weg eine Anfangsposition und eine Endposition aufweist; Anwenden einer Kraft auf den Schichtstoff und Übertragen von Ultraschallvibration in den Schichtstoff am Weg entlang, anfangend an der Anfangsposition und endend an der Endposition; Bestimmen einer Temperatur einer Fläche des Schichtstoffes in Nachbarschaft des Wegs; und Variieren von wenigstens einem der Folgenden: der Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration, der angewandten Kraft, einer Zufuhrrate, mit der die Kraft und die Ultraschallvibration am Weg entlang angewandt werden, einem Winkel, mit dem die Ultraschallvibration auf den Schichtstoff angewandt wird, oder einem Intervall, mit dem Lagen des Schichtstoffes bearbeitet werden, auf Basis der bestimmten Temperatur der Fläche des Schichtstoffs.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Schritt des Anwendens von Kraft auf den Schichtstoff und des Übertragens von Ultraschallvibration in den Schichtstoff mit einem Ultraschallhorn durchgeführt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, wobei der Schritt des Bestimmens der Temperatur der Fläche des Schichtstoffs in Nachbarschaft einer Grenzfläche zwischen dem Ultraschallhorn und dem Schichtstoff durchgeführt wird.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Schritt des Variierens von wenigstens einem der Folgenden: der Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration, der angewandten Kraft, der Zufuhrrate, mit der die Kraft und die Ult raschallvibration am Weg entlang angewandt werden, dem Winkel, mit dem die Ultraschallvibration auf den Schichtstoff angewandt wird, oder dem Intervall, mit dem Lagen des Schichtstoffes bearbeitet werden, mit wenigstens einem der folgenden Verfahren durchgeführt wird: einem Proportionalsteuerungsverfahren, einem Integral steuerungsverfahren, einem Differenzialsteuerungsverfahren, einem Fuzzy-Logic-Steuerungsverfahren, und einem neuronalen Netzverfahren.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Verfahren zusammen mit einem der folgenden Prozesse durchgeführt wird: einem Verbundbandlegeprozess, einem Verbund-Tow-Placement-Prozess, einem Verbundfaser-Placement-Prozess, und einem Ultraschallschweißprozess.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Schritt des Bestimmens der Temperatur unter Benutzung eines Infrarottemperaturdetektionsverfahrens durchgeführt wird.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Schritt des Bestimmens der Temperatur am Weg entlang kontinuierlich durchgeführt wird.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Schritt des Variierens von wenigstens einem der Folgenden: der Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration, der angewandten Kraft, der Zufuhrrate, mit der die Kraft und die Ultraschallvibration am Weg entlang angewandt werden, dem Winkel, mit dem die Ultraschallvibration auf den Schichtstoff angewandt wird, oder dem Intervall, mit dem Lagen des Schichtstoffes bearbeitet werden, eine Abtragungsdicke eines Verbundschichtstoffs steuert.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei in dem Schritt des Variierens von wenigstens einem der Folgenden: der Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration, der angewandten Kraft, der Zufuhrrate, mit der die Kraft und die Ultraschallvibration am Weg entlang angewandt werden, dem Winkel, mit dem die Ultraschallvibration auf den Schichtstoff angewandt wird, oder dem Intervall, mit dem Lagen des Schichtstoffes bearbeitet werden, die Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration direkt proportional zur Temperatur der Fläche des Schichtstoffs ist.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei in dem Schritt des Variierens von wenigstens einem der Folgenden: der Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration, der angewandten Kraft, der Zufuhrrate, mit der die Kraft und die Ultraschallvibration am Weg entlang angewandt werden, dem Winkel, mit dem die Ultraschallvibration auf den Schichtstoff angewandt wird, oder dem Intervall, mit dem Lagen des Schichtstoffes bearbeitet werden, die Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration umgekehrt proportional zu einer Abtragungsdicke des Verbundschichtstoffs ist.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei in dem Schritt des Variierens von wenigstens einem der Folgenden: der Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration, der angewandten Kraft, der Zufuhrrate, mit der die Kraft und die Ultraschallvibration am Weg entlang angewandt werden, dem Winkel, mit dem die Ultraschallvibration auf den Schichtstoff angewandt wird, oder dem Intervall, mit dem Lagen des Schichtstoffes bearbeitet werden, die Kraft, die von dem Horn auf den Verbundschichtstoff angewandt wird, direkt proportional zu der Temperatur der Fläche des Verbundschichtstoffs ist.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei in dem Schritt des Variierens von wenigstens einem der Folgenden: der Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration, der angewandten Kraft, der Zufuhrrate, mit der die Kraft und die Ultraschallvibration am Weg entlang angewandt werden, dem Winkel, mit dem die Ultraschallvibration auf den Schichtstoff angewandt wird, oder dem Intervall, mit dem Lagen des Schichtstoffes bearbeitet werden, die Kraft, die von dem Horn auf den Verbundschichtstoff angewandt wird, umgekehrt proportional zu einer Abtragungsdicke des Verbundschichtstoffs ist.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei in dem Schritt des Variierens von wenigstens einem der Folgenden: der Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration, der angewandten Kraft, der Zufuhrrate, mit der die Kraft und die Ultraschallvibration am Weg entlang angewandt werden, dem Winkel, mit dem die Ultraschallvibration auf den Schichtstoff angewandt wird, oder dem Intervall, mit dem Lagen des Schichtstoffes bearbeitet werden, die Zufuhrrate, mit der die Kraft und die Ultraschallvibration angewandt werden, umgekehrt proportional zur Temperatur der Fläche des Verbundschichtstoffs ist.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei in dem Schritt des Variierens von wenigstens einem der Folgenden: der Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration, der angewandten Kraft, der Zufuhrrate, mit der die Kraft und die Ultraschallvibration am Weg entlang angewandt werden, dem Winkel, mit dem die Ultraschallvibration auf den Schichtstoff angewandt wird, oder dem Intervall, mit dem Lagen des Schichtstoffes bearbeitet werden, die Zufuhrrate, mit der die Kraft und die Ultraschallvibration angewandt werden, direkt proportional zu einer Abtragungsdicke des Verbundschichtstoffs ist.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Verfahren ausgeführt wird, um benachbarte Schichten eines thermoplastischen Verbundschichtstoffs oder eines metallischen Schichtstoffs zu verschweißen.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, ferner folgenden Schritt umfassend: Korrelieren eines Qualitätszielwerts mit der Flächentemperatur des Schichtstoffs.
  17. Vorrichtung zum Ultraschallbearbeiten eines Schichtstoffs, umfassend: eine Ultraschalleinrichtung mit einem Ultraschallhorn, die dazu ausgebildet ist, Ultraschallvibration in den Schichtstoff zu übertragen; ein Stellglied, das betriebsfähig mit der Ultraschalleinrichtung verbunden ist, und dazu ausgebildet ist, das Ultraschallhorn in Kontakt mit dem Schichtstoff zu bewegen, einen Positionierer zum Bewegen des Ultraschallhorns relativ zu dem Schichtstoff oder zum Bewegen des Schichtstoffs relativ zu dem Ultraschallhorn; einen Temperatursensor, der dazu ausgebildet ist, eine Temperatur einer Fläche des Schichtstoffs abzufühlen; und eine Steuerung, die wenigstens mit der Ultraschalleinrichtung, dem Stellglied, dem Positionierer oder dem Temperatursensor betriebsfähig verbunden ist, um auf Basis einer Temperatur, die von dem Temperatursensor abgefühlt wurde, wenigstens eins der Folgenden zu steuern: eine Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration, die in den Schichtstoff übertragen wird; eine Kraft, mit der das Ultraschallhorn in Kontakt mit dem Schichtstoff gelangt; eine Zufuhrrate, mit der das Ultraschallhorn relativ zu dem Schichtstoff bewegt wird, und der Schichtstoff relativ zu dem Ultraschallhorn bewegt wird; und ein Intervall, in dem Lagen des Schichtstoffs bearbeitet werden.
  18. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, wobei die Ultraschalleinrichtung ferner umfasst: eine Stromversorgung zum Bereitstellen hochfrequenter elektrischer Energie; einen Umsetzer zum Umsetzen der hochfrequenten elektrischen Energie in mechanische Bewegung der Ultraschallfrequenz; und einen Verstärker zum Verstärken der Amplitude der mechanischen Bewegung der Ultraschallfrequenz, wobei der Verstärker an das Ultraschallhorn gekoppelt ist.
  19. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, wobei die Steuerung umfasst: wenigstens eine Proportionalsteuerung, eine Integralsteuerung, eine Differenzialsteuerung, eine Fuzzy-Logic-Steuerung, oder eine neuronale Netzsteuerung.
  20. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, wobei die Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration, die in den Schichtstoff übertragen wird, und die Kraft, mit der das Ultraschallhorn in Kontakt mit dem Schichtstoff gelangt, ein umgekehrtes Verhältnis zu einer Abtragungsdicke des Schichtstoffs aufweisen, wenn der Schichtstoff ein polymerischer Verbundschichtstoff ist.
  21. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, wobei die Zufuhrrate ein direktes Verhältnis zu einer Abtragungsdicke des Schichtstoffs aufweist, wenn der Schichtstoff ein polymerischer Verbundschichtstoff ist.
  22. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 18, ferner umfassend: einen Ausrichtungspositionierer zum Positionieren des Ultraschallhorns in einer Ausrichtung relativ zu dem Schichtstoff, derart, dass die Steuerung betriebsfähig mit dem Ausrichtungspositionierer verbunden ist, um auf Basis einer Temperatur, die von dem Temperatursen sor abgefühlt wird, eine Ausrichtung des Ultraschallhorns relativ zu dem Schichtstoff zu steuern.
  23. Vorrichtung zur Ultraschallbearbeitung eines Schichtstoffs, umfassend: Mittel zum Anwenden einer Kraft auf den Schichtstoff entlang dem Weg, der an der Anfangsposition beginnt und an der Endposition endet; Mittel zum Übertragen von Ultraschallvibration in den Schichtstoff entlang dem Weg, der an der Anfangsposition beginnt und an der Endposition endet; Mittel zum Bestimmen einer Temperatur einer Fläche des Verbundschichtstoffs in Nachbarschaft des Wegs; und Mittel zum Variieren von wenigstens einem der Folgenden: einer Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration, der angewandten Kraft, einer Zufuhrrate, mit der die Kraft und die Ultraschallvibration am Weg entlang angewandt werden, einem Winkel, mit dem die Ultraschallvibration auf den Schichtstoff angewandt wird, oder einem Intervall, mit dem Lagen des Schichtstoffes bearbeitet werden, auf Basis der bestimmten Temperatur der Fläche des Verbundschichtstoffs.
  24. Verfahren zum Ultraschallbearbeiten eines Schichtstoffs, folgende Schritte umfassend: Anwenden einer Kraft auf den Schichtstoff und Übertragen von Ultraschallvibration in den Schichtstoff; Bestimmen einer Temperatur der Fläche des Schichtstoffs; und Variieren von wenigstens einem der Folgenden: einer Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration, der angewandten Kraft, einem Winkel, mit dem die Ultraschallvibration auf den Schichtstoff angewandt wird, oder einem Intervall, mit dem Lagen des Schichtstoffes bearbeitet werden.
  25. Verfahren nach Anspruch 24, wobei der Schritt des Variierens von wenigstens einem der Folgenden: der Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration, der angewandten Kraft, dem Winkel, mit dem die Ultraschallvibration auf den Schichtstoff angewandt wird, oder dem Intervall, mit dem Lagen des Schichtstoffes bearbeitet werden, mit wenigstens einem der folgenden Verfahren durchgeführt wird: einem Proportionalsteuerungsverfahren, einem Integralsteuerungsverfahren, einem Differenzialsteuerungsverfahren, und einem Fuzzy-Logic- und neuronalen Netzsteuerungsverfahren.
  26. Verfahren nach Anspruch 24, ferner folgenden Schritt umfassend: Korrelieren eines Qualitätszielwerts mit der Flächentemperatur des Schichtstoffs.
  27. Vorrichtung zum Ultraschallbearbeiten eines Schichtstoffs, umfassend: eine Ultraschalleinrichtung mit einem Ultraschallhorn, die dazu ausgebildet ist, Ultraschallvibration in den Schichtstoff zu übertragen; ein Stellglied, das betriebsfähig mit der Ultraschalleinrichtung verbunden ist, und dazu ausgebildet ist, das Ultraschallhorn in Kontakt mit dem Schichtstoff zu bewegen, einen Positionierer zum Bewegen des Ultraschallhorns relativ zu dem Schichtstoff oder zum Bewegen des Schichtstoffs relativ zu dem Ultraschallhorn; einen Temperatursensor, der dazu ausgebildet ist, eine Temperatur einer Fläche des Schichtstoffs abzufühlen; und eine Steuerung, die wenigstens mit der Ultraschalleinrichtung, dem Stellglied, dem Positionierer oder dem Temperatursensor betriebsfähig verbunden ist, um auf Basis einer Temperatur, die von dem Temperatursensor abgefühlt wurde, wenigstens eins der Folgenden zu steuern: eine Amplitude der Ultraschallvibration, die in den Schichtstoff übertragen wird; eine Kraft, mit der das Ultraschallhorn in Kontakt mit dem Schichtstoff gelangt; und ein Intervall, in dem Lagen des Schichtstoffs bearbeitet werden.
  28. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 26, wobei die Steuerung umfasst: wenigstens eine Proportionalsteuerung, eine Integralsteuerung, eine Differenzialsteuerung, eine Fuzzy-Logic-Steuerung, oder eine neuronale Netzsteuerung.
  29. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 26, ferner umfassend: einen Ausrichtungspositionierer zum Positionieren des Ultraschallhorns in einer Ausrichtung relativ zu dem Schichtstoff, derart, dass die Steuerung betriebsfähig mit dem Ausrichtungspositionierer verbunden ist, um auf Basis einer Temperatur, die von dem Temperatursensor abgefühlt wird, eine Ausrichtung des Ultraschallhorns relativ zu dem Schichtstoff zu steuern.
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