DD292947A5 - CEILING FIELD TO CEILING CONSTRUCTIONS WITH ONE OR MORE FLOOR RANGES, AND METHOD FOR GENERATING THE CEILING FIELD - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a ceiling panel having one or more support widths, which can be characterized in that in the ceiling elements (1, 9, 11, 12, 14) at least in one direction cable ducts (2) are designed with increasing cross section and in the elongated openings (7) in the cable duct tubes (2) are formed using stencil inserts, at least some parts of the ceiling elements (1, 9, 11, 12, 14) of the upper wall of the ceiling elements (1, 9, 11, 12, 14) ) are connected to each other so that the ends (4) of the same cross-section of the cable ducts (2) facing each other, further guided in the cable ducts (2) and braced anchored cable (5) at the points with grossezeren cross section with Exzentritaet (6 ) are arranged, after which the cable receiving cable ducts * and the lazy OEffnungen be nachfügglich filled with concrete. Likewise, the invention relates to a method for producing the ceiling panels. The essential characteristic of the method is that stencil bars or stencil tubes of decreasing cross-section, which extend at least to the middle of the ceiling element, are inserted into the templates of the ceiling elements. On the template bars or stencil tubes, elongated template inserts are set. Now the template is filled with concrete, after setting of the concrete stencil bars or stencil tubes, as well as the lazy OEffnungen ausstaltenden stencil inserts are removed, in this way in the ceiling elements cable ducts - have the above open openings - designed. The ceiling panels forming the ceiling elements are lined up, in such a way that the ends are the same cross-section of the cable duct pipe facing each other, after which the introduced into the cable duct pipes cables are tensioned and anchored. Exzentrizitaet is realized in the stretches with groeszerem cross-section in the cable duct pipe, last the cable duct pipes are poured over the lazy OEffnungen with concrete.

Description

For this 9 pages drawings

Field of application of the invention The invention relates to a ceiling panel to ceiling structures with one or more spans, the Deckenelemsnten

is generated with tension. Likewise, the invention relates to the method for producing the inventive

Ceiling panel. In the construction industry, there is a general tendency to produce flour-velvet building velcro, in which dio ceiling elements with

great load capacity resting on piled up at large spaced pillars. Furthermore, there are the

Demands to build buildings with the least amount of material and labor, and as quickly as possible. These requirements can be satisfied in the first place using the assembled construction with prefabricated elements.

The conventional prefabricated structural skeletons consist of the supportive on the pillars and the ceiling elements lying thereon. The construction method with prestressed concrete brought with it the first prestressed ceiling element, which immediately adjoins the four pillars, a space between the pillars, without independent support beams. The connection to the adjacent to the edges of the pillar surfaces is ensured by the corner cut of the Deckenelemento. Initially, this ceiling element was a top plate bar grate, later the void-containing plate-like construction with a lower or upper planar surface designed. The cables routed in the gaps between the cover elements pass through the holes in the pillars. As a result of the tension, the adjoining edges of the ceiling elements form carriers with a high load capacity, while the adjoining the pillars surfaces as a result of the voltage pressing, secure the transfer of the load. In this way, the ceiling elements and the way removable ceiling panels, the interstices of the pillars due to the conditions of transport and the Baui lontage be limited to a range of 20-25 m ² .

By connecting several ceiling elements, it was possible to achieve ceiling areas with larger pillar distances. The momentbestä, Dige connection, or the connection of the elements of the ceiling panels could be realized by voltage. A method is also known in the course of which flat ceiling elements are combined and the torque stability is achieved by means of a tensioned cable. In this solution, the cables in order to ensure the required clamping force on the Stützünien, below, in the middle of the fields in concrete pipes, the so-called cable duct pipes, passed or stretched on a vaulted web. However, this method has numerous disadvantages, on the one hand it is extremely difficult to connect the tubes with the desired accuracy, on the other hand claim all Tragfelder- d. H. generally two elements - a separate tension and anchoring due to the frictional resistance of the cable receiving curved ducts. Injecting the pipes with concrete can only be controlled with difficulty, the operation requires high reliability.

Furthermore, a method is known in the course of which flat cover elements are combined and the tension is achieved by torque. In this solution, both in the lower and upper zone of einanuer connected ceiling elements each passed a cable duct pipe, wherein did momentbeständige connection by a pair of cables he: eicht. Crossing several fields below and below. In this solution, the separate voltage and anchorage unnecessary, while doubling the amount of cable expended. Also in this solution we are faced with the difficulties of adaptation and injection.

Furthermore, a method is known, in the course of which in the interconnected ceiling elements open trough-like channels are designed, which are then interconnected, whereby the cable can be routed in full length of the building. In order to secure the unit of Deckenententants transverse ribs are arranged on the wells, in which suitably elongated openings are designed, with the aim that the tensioning cables in the upper structural zone can be rectilinearly guided and tensioned, after which they are pressed inside the fields lie outside. Eccentric cables are fixed next to pinching by concreting in the required position. Two ribs of the ceiling element with the cassette ribbing are arranged side by side, whereby the troughs arise; Suitably, the bottom part is formed by a concrete layer which is applied in the second production phase by dipping process, this method is also used when closing the lower part of the concrete, and is well known in the art. The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty in designing the continuous ribs and the holes with the deposits remaining. Another disadvantage is that this method can not be applied expediently in the course of single-phase ceiling element production. Pulling the cable through the openings of the continuous ribs in the trough-shaped cable channel is difficult, mechanization does not give satisfactory success. The invention has set itself the goal of eliminating the above-mentioned disadvantages and to develop a ceiling panel to ceiling constructions, which can be put together from the ceiling elements by post-tension quickly and economically, material saving.

Accordingly, the Eriindung refers to a ceiling panel to ceiling structures, which are made of ceiling elements by post tension.

The essential characteristic of the invention is shown in that in the ceiling elements at least in one direction cable ducts are designed with increasing cross-section, elongated in the upper wall of the ceiling elements, in the cable ducts opening openings are configured with templates; at least a part of the cable duct tubes are connected with their ends of the same cross-section facing each other; the cable routed in the cable ducts and tensioned anchored at those points of the sewer pipes where the cross-section is larger, are arranged eccentrically, further the cable ducts provided with cables and the elongated openings are filled with subsequently filled concrete. If the intention is to design a ceiling panel of two ceiling elements, such ceiling elements must be used, in which from one edge to the other edge along pulling cable ducts with continuously increasing cross section are available.

If, however, we arrange more than two ceiling elements in order to design a ceiling panel, then as intermediate ceiling elements, those must be used in which - starting from the center line - the cross sections of the cable duct pipes increase steadily in the direction of the two edges.

For compact ceiling elements, the cable duct pipes are designed in the ceiling element. In contrast, when using ceiling elements with lower skeleton, the cable duct tubes lie in the ribs. Now, if hollow ceiling element is used, the cable duct tubes lie in the ribs between the cavities of the ceiling element. The invention also makes it possible to use such ceiling panels in which the cable duct pipes are designed to intersect one another.

Furthermore, the invention relates to the production of a ceiling element with channel. The essence of the method is that stencil bars and stencil tubes are used in the templates of the ceiling element, which have a decreasing circular cross-section and extend at least to the middle of the ceiling element, stencil inserts are placed on the stencil bars or stencil tubes, which provide the elongated openings.

The template is filled with concrete after the concrete has been set, the stencil bars or stencil tubes, as well as the elongated openings ausstattenden stencil inserts are removed, whereby open cable ducts arise. The ceiling panel resulting ceiling elements are lined up with the ends of the cable channel tubes with the same circular cross-section, after which the cables inserted into the cable duct pipes are tensioned and anchored in the sections with a larger cross-section eccentric, last are the cable ducts on the elongated openings - after removal the stencil inserts were created - filled with concrete. In an expedient realization of the invention, the ceiling panels forming the ceiling elements are placed side by side, in such a way that the ends of the cable channel tubes with the larger cross-section facing each other, wherein the cables are routed and tensioned in the upper horizontal zones of the cable ducts, while eccentricity in Down the middle of the ceiling fields is brought down.

In certain cases, it may be useful if the several ceiling panels resulting ceiling elements are ranked so that they are facing each other with the ends of the cable channel tube with a smaller cross-section, the cables are routed and tensioned in the lower horizontal zones of the Kebelkanalrohre, with eccentricity on the supports is realized.

The invention provides a simple and perfect solution for the moment-resistant connection of two ceiling elements. Of course, it is possible, using the invention several Deck6nelemente torque-resistant to connect, so that a ceiling panel can be configured, furthermore, a method for the design of the elements is provided according to the invention.

The essential characteristic of the solution consists in the cable duct with variable cross-section, which is designed taking into account the cable to be eccentric and is also suitable for concreting. The conduit channel is reached with the variable circular section bar which forms the part of the template and is pulled out during the manufacture of the element. After completion of the production of the pipe from the top are opened at certain points stencil inserts are designed to make the holes for pinching when pulling the cable, through the holes, the pipe is filled with concrete and eccentric the cable as needed. The cables are routed in the pipes, along the full length of the building and stretched in the upper zone, whereupon the eccentricity of the elements - and the connected cable duct pipes - in the connected panels, or in the pipe itself, is expediently achieved in the ceiling panels by pressing , Of course, the method is to provide tension and eccentricity as provided by the design of the conduit - by tensioning the cable in the lower zone, with eccentricity being achieved by deflection upwards at the supports. In addition to the usual terminals of the cables, the cable ducts are filled with concrete, whereby the cables are fastened on a discontinuous path.

The structural design according to the invention and the method for producing the construction provide a simple and economical solution for connecting the ceiling elements in a ceiling field, for connecting the ceiling panels with mehrstelligen supports, to design the eccentricity of the tensioned cable within a field, taking into account the bending moments, for attachment by concreting; the method allows for easy threading of the cables, as well as the production of an outside center, for concreting suitable cable duct.

Compared with the previous solutions, numerous advantages are achieved in the production of ceiling elements, the number of operations decreases and will be simpler, which can be achieved savings in the cost of materials and work. Another advantage is that there is a correlation with other (e.g., biphasic) production methods, the possibility for further development of the known ceiling elements is given.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to some advantageous embodiments, with the aid of the accompanying drawings. Show it

1: the top view of the connected in the context of the invention ceiling element, and the cable duct pipe, Fig. 2: the longitudinal section of the connected elements, taken along the line A-A of Figure 1, and the longitudinal section of

Fig. 3: the top view of the three interconnected ceiling elements, Fig. 4: the longitudinal section along the line EE in Figure 3, Fig. 5: the plan view of two, with lower Ribbed or hollow ceiling elements connected according to the method of the invention,

Fig. 6: a taken along the line FF in Figure 5 section, Fig. 7: Detail D in Figures 1 and 3, a detailed view of the cable duct pipe, Fig. 8: another possible embodiment of the invention, with the top view of the cable duct pipe and 9: shows a section taken along the line BB in FIGS. 1 and 3, FIG. 10 shows the arrangement of the cable ducts in the lower rib of the left-side ceiling element (according to FIG. 5), FIG. 11 shows a detail of the sections AA and EE on an enlarged scale (denoted by C in FIGS. 1, 3, 5, 15, 18), FIG. 12: section according to FIG. 11, in a finished, concreted state, FIG. 13: enlarged cross section of the cable duct pipe, FIG. Cross-section according to Figure 13, already in a concreted state, Fig. 15: another possible embodiment of the invention: the top view of the connection between two hollow, im

Space between the pillars arranged ceiling elements, with guided in one direction two Internal tensions

Fig. 16: the longitudinal section along the line A-A in Figure 15, Fig. 17: the section along the line G-G of a ceiling element of the construction of Figure 15, the cross section of

Cable ducts, Fig. 18: another possible embodiment: the connection of two, arranged at a distance between the pillars hollow

Ceiling elements in a ceiling field, internal voltage is realized in the middle of the elements, in the interconnected cable ducts, or with the freely routed in the spaces elements cables, Randspannungson of the field are led over the pillars, in the middle of the adjacent ceiling field free realized cables; the arrangement is shown in plan view,

19 is a section along the line A-A of Figure 18, FIG. 20 shows the section of a ceiling element forming the ceiling element with the cross section of the cable duct pipe, FIG.

FIG. 21 is a top view of another possible embodiment in which four identical hollow ceiling elements are clamped, FIG.

22 ': the section along the line K-K of Figure 21, FIG. 23 shows the section along the line L-L according to FIG. 21, FIG.

FIG. 24: the top view of a further possible embodiment, in which the ceiling panel is composed of four ceiling elements, FIG.

25 shows the section along the line <i-M of Figure 24, 26: the section along the line N-N of Figure 24th In the figures, ceiling panels designed from a plurality of ceiling elements are illustrated using the

inventive compound of the elements, or of the bending moments corresponding lines of the cable.

Referring to Figures 1, 3, 5, 15 and 18 different ceiling panels assembled together are shown. In the ceiling elements 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the cable channel pipes 2 are arranged. The mentioned cable duct pipes are

manufactured by the one during the production of the ceiling element made of reinforced concrete, the rod with variable

Cross section that forms part of the template, pulls out. The arrangement of the tubes ensures the uniform thickness of Concrete layer 3, while the underlying variable (increasing) cross section through the decrease of the concrete layer

ensures the largest pipe cross-section in the connection of the elements. In this way, the cable in the upper zone of the

Construction (even in the presence of multiple fields) guided in a straight line and stretched in places 5, while at Make 6, fixed by pressing in the lower zone and placed outboard. From above are the Cable ducts open by means of the elongated openings 7, whereby the threading of the cable is facilitated as needed

These can be provisionally fastened and tensioned at the desired height, after reaching the eccentricity of the tube is poured in full length with concrete 8 in order to protect the cable and final attachment in the desired position.

FIGS. 1, 5, 15 and 16 depict a ceiling panel composed of two elements, while the ceiling panel according to FIG

consists of three ceiling elements 9. The central conduit channel 10 may be characterized by being separate from the

Element center starting up to the element wheel has an increasing cross section, d. H. the pipe through the Pulling out of two independent template inserts is designed. Pulling out the shorter deposits

during production is already made possible by a minimal increase in the cross section.

In this way, the bidirectional change in the cross section affects the eccentricity in one

negligible measure.

Figures 5 and 6 illustrate a ceiling panel composed of two elements, according to the left-hand alternative

the element is provided with lower skeleton 11, while in the real-world solution, a hollow element 12 is used.

FIG. 7 shows a detail D of the ceiling element according to FIGS. 1 and 2 with the cable channel tube 2, the upper opening 7 of FIG Cable duct tube and the cable 5 guided therein are also illustrated. Figure 8 illustrates a designated I detail of the ceiling element according to figures Ί 5 and 18. Here is the case of the with

permanent insole formed hollow cover member 12 or by using the known two-phase

Illustrated hollow ceiling element 14 illustrates, we see that from above with the elongated Openings 7 open cable duct pipe with the two tension cables lying therein. FIG. 9 shows the cross-section of the cable channel tube 2, the section being taken along the line B-B of FIGS. 1 and 2

added. We see the upper elongated opening 7 of the tube, which was created after completion of the production (hardening), as the inserted into the tube stencil insert is removed from above. The stencil insert is configured with inwardly flared sides 13 and closely conforms to the previously removed tube liner. It will be in the upper one

Zone of the element and in the upper range dec cable duct pipe guided and tensioned cable 5 of the execution of Excentricity shown above. FIG. 10 divides the cable channel tube 2 of the ceiling element with the lower frame 11 according to FIG. 4, with the tensioned cable 6

in the concrete state.

FIG. 11 shows the enlarged part of the longitudinal section (designated by C-C), which is the section line A-A of the cable channel tube 2

according to Fig. 1,6,15 and 18 corresponds. The overlying the cable duct pipe, evenly thick concrete layer 3, in the direction of

reduced cable cross-section attributable to lower cable tension, the upper elongated opening 7 of the conduit channel, the downward (inwardly) flared sides 13 and the lines of the tensioned cable 6 are shown in the same way.

Figure 12 illustrates the embodiment of Figure 11, with the construction 8 completed and filled with concrete. Figure 13 illustrates the detail I of the embodiments of FIGS. 15 and 18, the cross section H-H of the cable duct pipe 2, the

upper elongate opening 7 (with the inwardly widening sides 13) guided in the upper zone 15 and tensioned

Cable pair are well visible, in this case, the hollow ceiling elements 12,14 were using the two-phase Process generated. FIG. 14 corresponds to the embodiment according to FIG. 13, here the concreted state of the already tensioned cable pair 16

shown.

In the figures 15 and 18 are arranged in pillar skeleton structures shown in the context of the invention by Bracing connected ceiling elements are. The explanation of the design is with that of the preceding ones

unanimously. In the version according to FIG. 15, in the case of the connection of two elements in addition to the design of the

Cable duct pipe-in a known manner-narrow, filled with fast-setting material columns, in other places

wide, suitable for concreting joints used. As can be seen from FIG. 18, we have between the

Elements 18, same as in the joints between the ceiling panels 19 - in a known manner - applied voltage-based method.

In Figures 21 to 23 further Ausführungsmöglichkelten are shown, in this solution, four identical hollow ceiling elements are combined in a ceiling panel. Each element contains two cable ducts that intersect each other perpendicularly. In this solution, one of the template inserts of the intersecting cable ducts is assembled from two pieces, whereby the soft material strip - compared to the surface influences - facilitates the extraction of the inserts.

A detailed explanation is unnecessary, cables are guyed in the joint 22 of the conduit between the elements. Figures 24-26 also show a ceiling panel composed of four elements, in which case the cross-sections of the tubes increase in a direction opposite to that of the previous one, at the point of intersection the narrower tube ends of the opening join. The cable routed in the cable channel tube, in the lower zone of the construction, is guided upwards at the edge of the ceiling field. In the example described here, the cable is continued into the traditional pipe to be injected, but it is possible to use the method according to the invention and to design a cable duct with a variable cross section opened from above, wherein the template insert in turn has a cross section increasing from the chamber ,

In the embodiment according to FIG. 24, the cable 20 guided in the zone is deflected upwards at the supports 21. On the other hand, the thickness of the overlying concrete layer 24 decreases in the direction of the edge of the structure, whereby the cable duct pipe is opened at different heights 25. Now, when the cable is routed in a conventional tube 26, it adapts to the lower horizontal span of the conduit channel.

Claims (9)

1. ceiling panel with one or more spans, characterized in that in the ceiling elements (1,9,11,12,14) at least in one direction cable ducts (2) are designed with increasing cross-section and in the upper wall of the ceiling elements (1 , 9,11, 12,14) in the cable ducts (2) opening elongated openings (7) are formed using stencil inserts, at least some parts of the ceiling elements (1,9,11,12,14) are so connected to each other, that the ends (4) of the same cross section of the cable ducts (2) facing each other, further in the cable ducts (2) guided and clamped anchored cable (5) are arranged at the points with a larger section with eccentricity (6), after which the Cable-receiving cable ducts (2) and the elongated openings are subsequently filled with concrete. 2. Ceiling panel according to claim 1, characterized in that in the Deckenelernenten (1,9,11,12, 14) extending from the one edge of the ceiling element to the other edge extending cable channel pipes (2) with kontinuk. are designed h increasing cross-section. 3. Ceiling panel according to claim 1, characterized in that in the intermediate ceiling elements (9) starting from the center line cable duct tubes (10) are provided, the cross section increases in the direction of both edges. 4. Ceiling panel according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cable channel pipes (2,10) are configured in the ceiling element. 5. Ceiling panel according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cable channel tubes (2,10) in the lower skeleton of the thickness elements, or in the case of a hollow ceiling element (12,14) are configured in the ribs between the cavities of the ceiling element , 6. Ceiling panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the cable duct pipes are configured crossing each other. 7. A method for producing the ceiling panel, characterized in that stencil bars or stencil tubes are used with decreasing cross-section in the stencils of the ceiling elements, which extend at least to the middle of the ceiling element, are placed on the template bars or template tubes elongated openings template inserts, after which the template is poured with concrete, after setting of the concrete, the stencil bars or template tubes, and the elongated openings ausstattenden stencil inserts are removed, in this way, in the ceiling elements cable ducts having elongated openings above, configured, the ceiling panel forming ceiling elements are lined up, and Although so that the ends are facing each other with the same cross section of the cable duct, after which the cables inserted into the cable ducts are tensioned and anchored, eccentricity is in the routes with larger Q. Finally, the cable ducts are poured over the elongated openings with concrete. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the ceiling panel forming ceiling elements are lined up to each other so that the ends are facing each other with the same cross section of the cable channel tube, further passed the cables in the horizontal zones of the cable channel tube and tensioned, wherein eccentricity in the middle of the ceiling fields, down is realized. 9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the ceiling panel forming ceiling elements are lined up to each other so that the ends are facing each other with the smaller cross-section, the cables are routed horizontally in the lower zones and tensioned, with eccentricity on the supports, upwards is realized.