DD245001B5 - Method for producing water base waterproofing - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for water base seal, wherein on the bottom of the water a layer consisting of ash is applied.

For sealing of waters, it is known to drain the water and apply different materials to the ground. The materials used are concrete, asphalt, foils, bituminous emulsion, clay, loam, ashes and other cohesive substances. The introduction of the sealing materials is carried out by suitable machine complexes, which move on the dried-up river bottom (DD-PS 52 630, DE-AS 1 784 688, SU-PS 1 150 291). The disadvantage of the known materials is their low resistance and easy destructibility (eg films of all kinds) as well as the high material costs and Flerstellungskosten (bitumen emulsion, concrete, asphalt).

The sealing of waters by means of ashes has also not yet been successful, because by incorrect application and not reaching full binding (tightness) and subsequent microstructural defects no sufficient sealing effect was achieved.

A method is known for sealing ponds by means of mining material obtained by means of waterproofing. Plierbei after the clearing, planing and compaction of the pond bottom in drained waters, the flooding of the pond made the suspension of the sealing material and a protective layer of suitable earth materials applied (DD-PS 106 213). The disadvantages of this method are due to the design and equipment expense of the water body preparation and the Verspüleinrichtung. Furthermore, the process is inefficient and uneconomical due to its complexity and tedium.

Also known is a method for waterproofing, wherein the sealing material is sprinkled either directly in the dry state on the water level or poured as a slurry stirred sludge on the water level or introduced under the water. Here, the process of natural self-seal of waters by sediment deposition is deliberately exploited. The sealing material used is a clay flour or bentonite cement mixture in a ratio of 1: 1 (DE-AS 1 817 606).

The disadvantages of the process are: - Use of clay flour requires mineral extraction with downstream treatment (high expenditure). - Cement represents a high-quality product whose production is very expensive (no waste product). - During the specified settling process, most of the hydraulic reactions of the cement are lost, resulting in relatively high K values (K = Darcy permeability coefficient). - Elaborate multi-layer construction. - The introduced sealing layer has cracks because large cement systems require expansion and working joints due to the Schwinderhärtung. - These cracks have more large water impermeability. Clay powder is used as Feinstzuschlagstoff and does not form the required tightness as a mixture with cement. - The introduction technology requires complex special devices and represents an unjustifiable solution.

It is known to seal duct liners in non-drained waters by means of certain facilities having overground supply lines and underwater drainage and soil loosening and compacting devices. The equipment required for these devices is high. The sealing process is thus unnecessarily expensive. Furthermore, a method for sealing reservoirs, dams, dykes and the like. Known, applied to the surface to be sealed a mixture of granulated, hydraulically set ash and dusty filter ash and the filter ash immediately before or during the preparation of the batch and the application of the same Water is added to the surface to be sealed. A layered introduction is possible, wherein the filter ash is washed into the granule interstices (DD-PS 48 533).

The disadvantages of this method are: The handling inevitably leads to the formation of lumps (no homogeneous microstructure) and, in the case of further later water contact, to parallel structural defects (basically: do not add water to the dry ash, since otherwise large grain formation with subsequent driver phenomena). - The sealing layer thus constructed already has a barely sealing effect in its initial form and only negligible mechanical resistance. - Sealant layer has thixotropic properties. - Environmental pollution by dust.

The aim of the invention is a simple, economical and effective aquifer bottom seal.

The invention has for its object to seal the body of water by means of lignite filter ash so that without aftertreatment results in a gefügedichte construction.

This is achieved in that according to the invention from a known brown coal filter ash a water-ash suspension with a water-ash factor (mass ratio) of 0.4 to 1.0 prepared and with subsequent addition and mixing of a water-binding, the tightness and stability affecting substance with or without hardening phenomena in amounts of 0-50 M% is applied to the bottom of the water.

The detailed explanation of the invention is based on four embodiments.

example 1

There is the sealing of a Erdbeeckens, preferably fish pond, which must have a sealing material of low sealing thickness and a water impermeability value of K <10 "9. In suitable containers, once cohesive dry ashes and less active dry ash with excess water are segregated by sedimentation. After two days, the water excess above the mass formed is removed. The preparation of the sealing material is carried out by weight ratios of mass of active cohesive dry ash mass of less cohesive dry ash and

Dry addition of the less cohesive dry ash of 1: 1, 5: 1 in a forced mixing plant.

The introduction of a 5 cm thick sealing layer vertically and horizontally to the resulting ash-ash construction is carried out according to traditional incorporation technology for plastic cement concrete. The sealing layer thus produced has a water impermeability value of K = 10-9 and a strength of> 7 MPa. The fish stocking takes place after a pH adjustment of <8.5; It is expedient to carry out a rinsing process beforehand. The addition of a dewaterable material (eg dry ash) with or without its own reactions leads to the compaction of the active constituents of the water-ash suspensions (more effective reactions by less excess water), to increase the storage density of the system and to increase tightness Water reservoir is protected by the drainable substance for the active suspension ingredients.

Example 2

Sealing of a fishpond against leachate loss with lowering of the groundwater level by lignite mining. The pond has pond sediments (natural colmotion) with a permeability coefficient K = 10-6 m / s. Due to the hydrological conditions, a sealing material with a permeability of K <10-8 m / s is required. On the pending soil conditions an approx. 5 cm thick sealing layer with treated filter ash products with the following parameters is applied: • 93 M% with d <0.09 mm • 78 M% with d <0.05 mm • CaO value 29.2 M % • Bulk density 1 kg / l • Specific surface according to Baine: 3 900 cm2 / g

The ratio of water volume to the surface of the seal is 1: 1. The introduction of dry, conditioned filter ash products into the water-filled pond is done zone by zone and by boats equipped with a gasoline powered distribution system coupled with an agitator. These ash products, which are introduced into the water, settle on the floor of the pond due to the force of gravity and form a sealing layer.

With an average sealing thickness of 5 cm, approx. 50 kg / m2 of filter ash products are required. The time to final swelling and curing of the filter ash product is 56 days, with the sealed area having a sufficiently high stability of> 5 MPa and having a permeability factor of K <10-8. The pH adjustment is <8.5.

Example 3

Sealing of local weakening zones in water-filled water reservoirs, preferably fish ponds, vertically and horizontally in the area of influence of groundwater subsidence. The pond has mostly sufficient seal. Due to the hydrogeological conditions, a sealing material with a permeability of K <10-8 m / s and a stability of 5 MPa is required for the local weakening points. The localization of the weakening zones is carried out with a Darcy infiltration bell or with a measuring isotope method (hydrogeological detailed investigation), and as a result a pond mapping is carried out. The required sealing layers are built with scaffolding (fine gravel, coarse chippings). The introduction of such a scaffold depends on the degree of tightness and stability to be achieved. The construction of the sealing layer is carried out in layers, wherein the weight ratio of dry ash product to support builder is 1: 4. The support scaffold is loaded with normal bait boats and that of the dry ash product as in Example 2. With the same parameters of the filter ash product of Example 2, with a seal thickness of about 10 cm (required of locally permeabilities of> 10-5), a stability of > 7 MPa with a permeability coefficient of K <10 "9 achieved.

Example 4

On the basis of certain hydrogeological conditions (extraction of groundwater by the sinking lignite of the progressing opencast lignite mine), it is necessary to seal a drainable body of water with a cost-effective sealing layer having a permeability value of K = 10 -10 and a sealing thickness of only 5-10 cm. The ash product to be used, consisting of fine-grained lime-rich, high-binder and active dry ash, is brought into an earth-moist state in the process of its production (lignite-fired power plant.) The earth-moist mass is loaded environmentally friendly in open wagons using the plant technology installed in the process. 2 side box wagons The thus possible low-cost transport in open wagons (no more closed special wagons required) takes place up to the most suitable intermediate landfill to the sealing waters (best possible Reichsbahn connection) The intermediate landfill of the earth Moist mass in the outdoor area including loading and transport takes place in 2 days. During the two-day period of the humid state of the defined ash, it receives an activation, whereby faster minimum strengths and impermeability are achieved and thus the water to be sealed becomes more quickly effective. The construction of the intensive mixing complex (eg mobile compulsory mixing plant with mortar pump) takes place in the immediate vicinity of the water to be sealed. The transport of the humid-activated masses is carried out by truck, whereby the loading onto the trucks takes place with grippers. The suspension is carried out by intensive mixing operations. The resulting water-ash suspension is applied by means of mortar pumps to the bottom of the river as a 5-10 cm thick sealing layer. After a short Ansteifzeit (minimum strength> 1 MPa) of the sealing layer, the scaffold is pressed. The sealing layer thus produced has a strength of> 7 MPa and a Darcy permeability value of <10'10.

The inventive method has the following advantages: - high level of secondary raw material utilization - the process is cheap and easy to carry out (with a simple technique) with relatively little material cost - no use of separate complex special technology required - under the technically induced Einbringungstechnologie (Sedimentationseinbau) preferably non-dischargeable waters effective with low sealing powers (no other known materials suitable under the conditions) - no thixotropic properties and toxicity - insignificant change in mean water depth - very good sealing behavior on natural pond bottom - pollutant binding - relatively favorable introduction of the sealing layer with simple mechanization equipment - no protective layers required - with low sealing thicknesses, high effects are achieved in terms of strength and impermeability of the sealing layer - high erosion or Korrosio nsstability to ensure a relatively unlimited life under organic conditions - sealing layer is made possible with secondary raw material (no balance requirement or import) - at pH value setting <8.5, the sealing layer has no toxic properties - with simple mixing and introduction technology the secondary raw material achieves an effective seal within the permissible range under increased hydrogeological conditions - by activating the defined dry ash, a substantial reduction in downtime is achieved, thus enabling earlier release of use - cheap loading and transport of the earth-moist mass (earth-moist defined ash) - The resulting rigid sealing construction has high compression pressures on a flexible foundation

Claims (6)

1. A process for the preparation of water body seals using preferably Braurikohlenfilteraschen, which applied to non-drained water on the riverbed, the sealing materials by sedimentation or a distribution system with stirrer and discharged water discharged the sealing materials on the bottom of the river and then compressed and hereby, if necessary, in the sealing layer is pressed from a non-porous solid aggregates existing scaffold, characterized in that made of known lignite filter ash a water-ash suspension with a water-ash factor (mass ratio) of 0.4 to 1.0 and below Addition and mixing of a water-binding, the tightness and stability affecting substance with or without hardening properties in amounts of 0-50 M% is applied to the bottom of the river. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that are used as lignite filter as fine-grained, lime-rich, high-binder and active dry ash and less active and cohesive dry ash. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the active dry ash is moistened and stored before the formation of suspension for activation. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that organically contaminated water is used for suspension formation. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that is used as a water-binding, the tightness influencing substance low active dry ash and / or cement. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that are used as wasserbindiger, the tightness and stability influencing fabric textile chips. The invention relates to a method for water base seal, wherein on the bottom of the water a layer consisting of ash is applied. For sealing of waters, it is known to drain the water and apply different materials to the ground. The materials used are concrete, asphalt, foils, bituminous emulsion, clay, loam, ashes and other cohesive substances. The introduction of the sealing materials is carried out by suitable machine complexes, which move on the dried-up river bottom (DD-PS 52 630, DE-AS 1 784 688, SU-PS 1 150 291). The disadvantage of the known materials is their low resistance and easy destructibility (eg films of all kinds) as well as the high material costs and production costs (bitumen emulsion, concrete, asphalt). The sealing of waters by means of ashes has also not yet been successful, because by incorrect application and not reaching full binding (tightness) and subsequent microstructural defects no sufficient sealing effect was achieved. A method is known for sealing ponds by means of mining material obtained by means of waterproofing. This is done after the clearing, planing and compaction of the pond bottom in drained waters, the flooding of the pond, the suspension of the sealing material and a protective layer of suitable earth materials applied (DD-PS 106 213). The disadvantages of this method are due to the design and equipment expense of the water body preparation and the Verspüleinrichtung. Furthermore, the process is inefficient and uneconomical due to its complexity and tedium. Also known is a method for waterproofing, wherein the sealing material is sprinkled either directly in the dry state on the water level or poured as a slurry stirred sludge on the water level or introduced under the water. Here, the process of natural self-seal of waters by sediment deposition is deliberately exploited. The sealing material used is a clay flour or bentonite cement mixture in a ratio of 1: 1 (DE-AS 1 817 606). The disadvantages of the method are: - Use of clay flour requires mining extraction with downstream treatment (high effort). - Cement represents a high-quality product whose production is very expensive (no waste product). - During the specified settling process, most of the hydraulic reactions of the cement are lost, resulting in relatively high K values (K = Darcy permeability coefficient). - Elaborate multi-layer construction. - The introduced sealing layer has cracks because large cement systems require expansion and working joints due to the Schwinderhärtung. - These cracks have more large water impermeability. - Clay powder is used as Feinstzuschlagstoff and does not form the required tightness as a mixture with cement. - The introduction technology requires complex special devices and represents an unacceptable solution. It is known to seal in non-discharged waters channel soles by means of certain facilities that have above-ground supply lines and underwater outlet and Bodenauflockerungs- and compaction devices to seal. The equipment required for these devices is high. The sealing process is thus unnecessarily expensive. Furthermore, a method for sealing reservoirs, dams, dykes and the like. Known, applied to the surface to be sealed a mixture of granulated, hydraulically set ash and dusty filter ash and the filter ash immediately before or during the preparation of the batch and the application of the same Water is added to the surface to be sealed. A layered introduction is possible, wherein the filter ash is washed into the granule interstices (DD-PS 48 533).
The disadvantages of this method are: - The handling inevitably leads to the formation of lumps (no homogeneous structure of the structure) and further later water contact to parallel structural defects (basically: do not add water to the dry ash, otherwise large grain formation with subsequent driver phenomena). - The sealing layer thus constructed already has a barely sealing effect in its initial form and only negligible mechanical resistance. - Sealant layer has thixotropic properties. - Environmental pollution by dust. The aim of the invention is a simple, economical and effective aquifer bottom seal. The invention has for its object to seal the body of water by means of lignite filter ash so that without aftertreatment results in a gefügedichte construction. This is achieved in that according to the invention from a known brown coal filter ash a water-ash suspension with a water-ash factor (mass ratio) of 0.4 to 1.0 prepared and with subsequent addition and mixing of a water-binding, the tightness and stability affecting substance with or without hardening phenomena in amounts of 0-50 M% is applied to the bottom of the water. The detailed explanation of the invention is based on four embodiments. example 1 It takes place the sealing of a Erdbeckens, preferably fish pond, the ⁹ must have with a sealing material of low thickness and sealing a Wasserundurchlässigkeitswert of K <10. In suitable containers, once cohesive dry ashes and less active dry ash with excess water are segregated by sedimentation. After two days, the water excess above the mass formed is removed. The preparation of the sealing material is carried out by weight ratios of mass of active cohesive dry ash
Mass of less cohesive dry ash and Dry addition of the less cohesive dry ash of 1: 1, 5: 1 in a forced mixing plant. The introduction of a 5 cm thick sealing layer vertically and horizontally to the resulting ash-ash construction is carried out according to traditional incorporation technology for plastic cement concrete. The sealing layer thus prepared has a Wasserundurchlässigkeitswert of K = 10 ~ ⁹ and, via a strength of> 7 MPa. The fish stocking takes place after a pH adjustment of <8.5; It is expedient to carry out a rinsing process beforehand. The addition of a dewaterable material (eg dry ash) with or without its own reactions leads to the compaction of the active constituents of the water-ash suspensions (more effective reactions by less excess water), to increase the storage density of the system and to increase the tightness Water reservoir is protected by the drainable substance for the active suspension ingredients. Example 2 Sealing of a fishpond against leachate loss with lowering of the groundwater level by lignite mining. The pond has pond sediments (natural Kolmotion) with a permeability coefficient K = 10 " ⁶ m / s. Due to the hydrological conditions, a sealing material with a permeability of K <10" ⁸ m / s is required. On the pending soil conditions, a 5 cm thick sealing layer with treated filter ash products with the following parameters is applied: • 93 M% with d <0.09 mm • 78 M% with d <0.05 mm CaO value 29.2 M% • Bulk density 1 kg / l specific surface according to Baine: 3 900 cm ² / g The ratio of water volume to the surface of the seal is 1: 1. The introduction of dry, conditioned filter ash products into the water-filled pond is done zone by zone and by boats equipped with a gasoline powered distribution system coupled with an agitator. These ash products, which are introduced into the water, settle on the floor of the pond due to the force of gravity and form a sealing layer. With a sealing thickness of 5 cm on average, approx. 50 kg / m ^{2 of} the filter ash products are required. The time to final swelling and curing of the filter ash product is 56 days, with the sealed area having a sufficiently high stability of> 5 MPa and a permeability factor of K <10 ^-8 . The pH adjustment is <8.5. Example 3 Sealing of local weakening zones in water-filled water reservoirs, preferably fish ponds, vertically and horizontally in the area of influence of groundwater subsidence. The pond has mostly sufficient seal. Due to the hydrogeological conditions, a sealing material with a permeability of K <10 ~ ⁸ m / s and a stability of 5 MPa is required for the local weakening points. The localization of the weakening zones is carried out with a Darcy infiltration bell or with a measuring isotope method (hydrogeological detailed investigation), and as a result a pond mapping is carried out. The required sealing layers are built with scaffolding (fine gravel, coarse chippings). The introduction of such a scaffold depends on the degree of tightness and stability to be achieved. The construction of the sealing layer is carried out in layers, wherein the weight ratio of dry ash product to support builder is 1: 4. The introduction of the supporting structure is carried out with normal feed boats and the dry ash product as in Example 2. Using the same parameters of the fly ash product of Example 2 is conducted at a seal thickness of about 10 cm (required by local upcoming permeabilities of> 10 ~ ⁵⁾ stability of > 7 MPa with a permeability coefficient of K <10 ~ ⁹ . Example 4 Starting from certain hydrogeological conditions (basic water removal by the lowering of the hopper of the progressive lignite open pit) there is a requirement, a deflatable waters with an inexpensive sealing layer which has a transmittance value of K = 10 ^"10, and has a seal thickness of 5-10 cm seal. The ash product to be used, consisting of fine-grained lime-rich, high-binder and active dry ash, is brought into an earth-moist state in the process of its production (lignite-fired power plant.) The earth-moist mass is loaded environmentally friendly in open wagons using the plant technology installed in the process. The intermediate transport of the erdf The masses in the outdoor area including loading and transport will take 2 days. During the two-day period of the humid state of the defined ash, it receives an activation, whereby faster minimum strengths and impermeability are achieved and thus the water to be sealed becomes more quickly effective. The construction of the intensive mixing complex (eg mobile compulsory mixing plant with mortar pump) takes place in the immediate vicinity of the water to be sealed. The transport of the humid-activated masses is carried out by truck, whereby the loading onto the trucks takes place with grippers. The suspension is carried out by intensive mixing operations. The resulting water-ash suspension is applied by means of mortar pumps to the bottom of the river as a 5-10 cm thick sealing layer. After a short Ansteifzeit (minimum strength> 1 MPa) of the sealing layer, the scaffold is pressed. The sealing layer thus prepared has a strength of> 7 MPa and a permeability value according to Darcy <10 ~ ^{10 degrees.} The process according to the invention has the following advantages: - high level of secondary raw material utilization - The process is cheap and easy to carry out (with simple technology) with relatively little cost of materials - no use of separate complex special technology required - under the technically induced introduction technology (sedimentation installation) of preferably non-dischargeable waters with low sealing powers (no otherwise known materials suitable under the conditions) - no thixotropic properties and toxicity - insignificant change in mean water depth - very good sealing behavior on natural pond bottom - pollutant binding - Relatively beneficial introduction of the sealing layer with simple mechanization devices - no protective layers required - With low sealing thicknesses high effects are achieved in terms of strength and impermeability of the sealing layer - High erosion or corrosion stability to ensure a relatively unlimited life under organic conditions - Sealing layer is made possible with secondary raw material (not accountable or to be imported) - At pH value <8.5, the sealing layer has no toxic properties - with simple mixing and incorporation technology, the secondary raw material achieves an effective seal within the permissible range under increased hydrogeological conditions - By activating the defined dry ash a significant reduction of downtime is achieved and thus allows earlier use release - cheap loading and transport of the earth-moist mass (earth-moist defined ash) - The resulting rigid sealing construction has high pressing pressures on flexible ground