DD228152A5 - PROCESS FOR PLANTING BUILDINGS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for planting trees. With the help of a hydro drilling rig a planting pit is created. Beforehand, a fast and / or slow-acting Kunstduengerkomposition is given in the well water, the maximum 75 wt .-% of the required N in larger amounts nutrients N, P ind2 O ind5 and K20 in the desired ratio and a maximum of 10 wt .-% of small amounts Required elements Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe and B, also in the desired ratio, contains. Then the plant is inserted into the prepared planting pit. The drilling water may further optionally contain finely divided organic and / or inorganic substances, soil-disinfecting and / or fungicidal pesticides, plant growth regulators, for example substances with hormone action or their precursors. The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for planting poplars, willows, vines and peach trees.

Description

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a method for planting trees using hydrobore drilling. Characteristic of the known technical solutions

It is known that two methods are currently used for planting forest and planting fruit tree plantations. The one method consists in conventional operation, after which a pit with the dimensions 6Ox 60 χ 60cm excavated, in this the material to be planted and the excavated soil is then placed around the planted material around back into the pit, after which the sludge of the earth means Pouring and compaction of the soil follows. The other known method is the mechanical deep drilling method in which a planting hole is drilled in the ground by means of a mechanical spiral deep hole drill. The loosened soil is lifted by the drill from the hole and remains lying next to the planting hole. In the hole organic fertilizer and / or artificial fertilizer is given, whereupon the material to be planted used, the soil is filled back around the seedling and tamped. Then the seedling is poured. The disadvantage of the conventional method is the great expense of living work, the method is costly and slow. The disadvantage of the multi-phase mechanical deep hole drilling method is that the twist drill strongly compacts the sidewall of the holes. Therefore, after the insertion of the tree, the soil must be loosened and tamped around it. A further disadvantage is that the spiral of the drill head is subjected to intensive wear, which leads to a frequent and cost-increasing replacement of the drill head. Both methods have the common disadvantage that the percentage rate of root crops and the annual yield of organic matter are low.

Object of the invention

With the aim of improving the conventional, known planting methods, the possibility of developing a new technology was investigated. The experiments were carried out in different soils, under different climatic conditions with different types of plant propagating material. On largely forested, mostly sandy, areas with poor soil properties - these areas are unsuitable for their low water table and their low ability to deliver nutrients as farmland or garden land - it has been found that e.g. 2-4m deep, 3-5 m long poplar seedlings with a head drive in terms of the internal content of their leaves, which differ from the optimum for certain nutrients, d. H. stay behind the optimum. This can be explained by the fact that when planting to groundwater level, the water supply to the plant was better, their development was accelerated, while the soil did not contain the required amount to ensure optimal nutrient supply. The data obtained by foliar studies in a two-year-old poplar plantation planted in the manner described are summarized in Table 1 below. The data refer to the dry matter of the leaves.

Table!

Nährelementgehalt Wt .-% optimal conventional Plants with Wt .-% plants Hydrodrills nitrogen Wt .-% 2.50 2.50 2.30 phosphorus Wt .-% 0.25 0.24 0.19 potassium Wt .-% 1.50 1.50 · 1.27 calcium ppm 1.70 1.80 2.00 magnesium ppm 0.40 0.37 0.39 iron ppm 200 130 105 manganese ppm 120 125 95 zinc ppm 60 44 20 copper ppm 15 11 8th boron 60 59 51 molybdenum 0.5 0.8 1.0

Similar results as the data compiled in Table 1 are also to be taken from foreign research reports, although in these studies the vigorous plant growth was not caused by arbitrarily available water but by strong nitrogen fertilization (VAGGOR, Lehrbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena 1979, pp. 137-138, and SOUCHELLI: Traceelements in agriculture by Nostrand Reinhald Co., New York 1969, pp. 201-209).

The experience gained over many years of research has led to the goal not only of developing a more optimal planting method, but also of developing a complex plant technology method that takes into account the plant's entire growing season, taking into account factors important to the dynamic unity of plant and environment. and, in particular, in the initial section after rooting - ensures harmonious conformity of the nutrient supply and plant protection directed to the living conditions of the plant. The plant technology method according to the invention by means of hydro drilling is the result of this complex experimental work and offers indispensable help in the modern, large-scale cultivation of forests and fruit plantations.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The method according to the invention for setting plants with woody stem is as follows. By means of a hydraulic rig 2- 4m deep planting hole is applied depending on the soil conditions and the plant to be planted. Beforehand, the fast and / or slow-acting artificial fertilizer composition necessary for covering the nutrient requirement is given into the drilling water and distributed homogeneously. The composition contains a maximum of 75% by weight of the nutrients N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O required in larger amounts in the desired ratio, and at most 10% by weight of the elements Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe and B in the desired ratio.

If desired, the nutrient supply or the ground improvement serving, finely divided organic substances, such as organic fertilizer and / or peat, the soil structure further finely comminuted inorganic substances such as zeolite, perlite or other clay minerals may be added to the well water. If necessary, pesticides with soil-disinfecting action, suitably phosphoric acid, thiophosphoric acid or dithiophosphoric acid ester derivatives, for example 0-ethyl-S-phenylethyl-phosphorodithionate (DYFONATE), 2-chloro-3- (dimethylamino) -1-methyl- 3-oxo-1-propyl-dimethyl phosphate (DIMECRON), 0,0-diethyl-0- (2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl) -phosphorothioate (DIAZINONE), S- (2,5-dichlorophenylthiomethyl-) 0, 0-diethyl-phosphorodithionate (PHENKAPTON) and so on.

As a pesticide having a fungicidal effect, when mixed into the drilling water, it is useful to use triphenyltin acetate (BRESTAN) and / or zinc and / or manganese dithiocarbamates (MANEB, MANCOZEB, ZINEB), etc.

To regulate the plant biological processes, boric acid may also be added to compounds having hormonal action, for example gibberellic acid or its derivatives, auxin or cytokinin or cytokinin-like substances, furthermore substances which are converted in the plant into substances with hormone action, for example precursors (methionine) , With the necessary substances containing drilling water, which is under a pressure of 3-4 bar, the planting pit is created, and in this the rooted or rootless plant material is used. Compared to the known methods, the inventive method has the advantage that - since the planting of the planting pit, the introduction of nutrients, irrigation water and other substances (pesticides, soil conditioners, growth regulators) and compacting the soil around the plant by machine, in one single step - the cost of living labor drops to about a third. The process can be carried out quickly and inexpensively and is therefore suitable for planting large areas. It is also advantageous that the water produced in the drilled hole a mud bed, which includes the plant and fixed stable, without the soil must be compacted. The sludge bed contains the substances required for the growth and development of the plant in the desired quality and quantity and in the desired ratio. These substances surround the sub-soil part of the plant to a large extent and in a uniform distribution, thus ensuring the constant and uniform supply of nutrients harmonizing with the life processes over a long period of time. Despite the relatively high nutrient concentration, a significant amount of artificial fertilizer can be saved, because it will save significant amount of artificial fertilizer, because it is not the entire planted area uniformly fertilized, but the fertilizer gets targeted into the environment of each plant. Therefore, in the method according to the invention only about Vs of the amount of fertilizer necessary in conventional planting methods is necessary.

A further advantage of the method according to the invention is that an improvement of the local structure of weak soils also takes place in one operation with the planting. However, the main advantage of the method must be seen in the fact that even under soil conditions, under which this was not possible or only with great effort with the conventional methods, now afforestations are possible or orchards can be created. It is beneficial, after all.

that the faster-developing, healthy plant population will reach the state where use can begin sooner. In the case of planting, for example with poplars, the time between planting and felling (on average 25 years) can be reduced to at least half.

embodiments

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following examples, but is not limited to the examples.

example 1

Comparative study on poplar plantations created by means of mechanical deep drilling or hydro drilling Populations of 1 ha in size are planted in intervals of 5 χ 3m in four repetitions and poplars in low humus soil by means of mechanical deep drilling or hydro drilling. The seedlings are unrooted.

Two years after the plantings were planted, comparative studies were carried out, the results of which were published in the

summarized in Table 2 below.

Table 2

parameter mechanical Hydro drilling Pecking rooted plants,% 81 94 Trunk diameter, cm 2.66 2.76 Tree height, m 1.90 2.02 Production of organic material,% 100 114

Example 2

Comparative study on by means of hydro drilling or hydro drilling and simultaneous feeding of nutrients created poplar plantings

Planting density and soil quality as well as seedlings are the same as in Example 1. Prior to planting, a soil examination was carried out, the results of which are summarized in Table 3.

Table 3

parameter

value

Bondage of the soil Wt .-% CaCO ₃ Wt .-% humus ppm NO ₂ + NO ₃ ppm P ₂ O ₅ ppm K ₂ O ppm mg ppm N / A ppm Zn ppm Cu ppm Mn ppm SO ₄

30 5.0 0.88 1.6 101 112

The nutrients were used in two different doses (250g / tree or 500g / tree). The components of the nutrient mixture, their water solubility and the content of nutrients are given in Table 4.

Table 4

Fertilizer component

Water solubility at 20 ^° C.% by weight

nutrient element Content of nutrient element% by weight (Composition = 100) N 20 K ₂ O 14 P ₂ O ₅ 11 mg 4 Cu 0.4 Mn 0.2 Zn 0.1 Fe 0.35 B 0.05

Carbamide-formaldehyde condensate ΙΟ " ² ... ΙΟ " ¹ 10 " ¹ potassium chloride good soluble ΙΟ " ² potassium magnesium ΙΟ " ² phosphate ΙΟ " ² ... ΙΟ ' ² Copper ammonium phosphate ΙΟ " ³ ... ΙΟ " ² Manganese ammonium phosphate 10- ³ ... lent Zinc ammonium phosphate ΙΟ " ³ ... Iron ammonium phosphate 10 " ³ ... boric acid autlösl

After planting, the plantings were examined for 4 years. The results of the annual investigations are summarized in Table 5. Two years after planting, the contents of the leaves were examined. The results, based on dry matter, are given in Table 6.

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Table 5

Years after that Wt .-% dose Strain 0 tree height Production 500 g / tree plants Wt .-% g / strain cm cm org. Substances,% 2.79 1 Wt .-% 0 1.06 99.8 100 0.19 Wt .-% 250 1.10 95.9 105 1.62 Wt .-% 500 1.24 95.8 110 2.10 2 ppm 0 2.72 202.8 100 0.44 ppm 250 2.88 213.1 118 107.5 ppm 500 2.97 219.4 129 91.7 3 ppm 0 5.35 351.0 100 23.5 ppm 250 5.75 375.0 123 9.0 ppm 500 5.99 379.0 130 62.0 4 0 9.26 543.0 100 1.5 250 10.57 592.0 142 500 10.89 595.0 152 control Salary in the Dry matter of the leaves control 250 g / tree 2.79 3.00 0.19 0.19 1.57 1.64 2.21 2.11 0.39 0.40 94.7 96.7 95.0 89.0 19.5 21.9 7.8 9.8 51.0 56.0 Dose Og = untreated 1.1 1.3 Table 6 nutrient element N P K Ca mg Fe Mn Zn Cu B Mo

Example 3

Examination of the insecticides and fungicidal action in a poplar plant planted with the hydro-drilling method In populated soil containing humus, poplars were planted according to example 2. At the time of planting, a soil survey was carried out and insects and harmful fungi found in the vicinity of the planting were detected. The area was infested with pustama beetle (Anoxia sp.) And poplar bark (Cytospora chrysosperma). To protect against insects, BRESTAN (triphenyltin acetate) was used in an amount of active ingredient of 30 g of active ingredient / tree DYFONATE (O-ethyl-S-phenyl-ethylphosphorodithionate) and to protect against fungal attack in an amount of active ingredient of 1.5 g / tree. In a parallel experiment, in addition to the insecticides and fungicidal agents, the nutrients according to Example 2 were added to the drilling water at a dose of 100 g / tree. The results of the soil investigations are shown in Table 7, the results of the one-year evaluation on pest infestation Table 8.

Table 7

parameter

value

restriction

Wt .-%

Wt .-%

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

7.5

32 6.4 1.47 2.3 110 150

39

18 5.6 3.2 8.6 7.8

Beetle infestation,% 2 3 4 0 Bark pest infestation,% 0. 2 3 -O- / UO ti Table 8 1 1 treatment 0 0 0 0.25 0 0 1 0 4 0 Dyfonate + Brestan 1 0 0 0.25 , 10 0 0 0 0 Dyfonate + 0 Brestan + 7 6 1 4.25 9 4 fertilizers 3 0 0 untreated control 6 7.25

Example 4

The effect of finely divided organic substances (manganese sludge) applied to the Hydrobohrverfahren

poplar plantations

Poplars were planted according to Example 2 on poorly humus-rich sandy soil. At the same time, soil tests were carried out, the results of which are summarized in Table 9. The manganese sludge (from Urkut) was used in a dose of 500g / tree. In a parallel experiment, the artificial fertilizer composition according to Example 2 was used in a dose of 125 g / tree in addition to the manganese sludge. The experiment was evaluated one year after planting, the results are shown in Table 10.

Table 9

parameter

value

pH Wt .-% 7.6 restriction Wt .-% 30 CaCO ₃ ppm 4.2 humus ppm 0.9 NO ₂ H-NO ₃ ppm 1.4 P ₂ O ₆ ppm 78 K ₂ O ppm 86 mg ppm 55 N / A ppm 36 Zn ppm 5.8 Cu ppm 1.2 Mn 10.5 SO ₄ 5.0

Table 10

treatment

Stem diameter, mm

Tree height cm

Production of organic matter,%

Manganese Mud 1 2 3 4 Avg.

9.9 10.3 10.2 10.4

97 98 97 98

97.5

106.3

Manganese 1 mud + 2 chemical fertilizer 3 4 Avg.

10.3 10.8

10.9 10.6

99 97

98 99

10.65

98.25

114.4

unbehan- 1

2

Control 3

Avg.

9.7 9.2 9.6 9.6

102 95 96 99

100

Example 5

The experiment was carried out as in Example 4 except that instead of the manganese sludge at a dose of 3 liters / tree, thin organic fertilizer was added to the well water. The experiment was evaluated one year after planting, the results are shown in Table 11.

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Table 11

treatment

Stem diameter, mm

Tree height cm

Production of organic matter,%

Thinning 1

Avg.

9.6 9.6 9.5 9.5

100

99

101

100

9.55

103

Thinning + 1 Fertilizer 2 3 4 Avg.

10.8

10.3 10.6 10.6

102

98

99

100

10.6

89,75

111.4

unbehan-

1

Control 2

Avg.

9.2 9.7 9.6 9.6

102 95 96 99

9.5

100

Example 6

The effect of compounds having a sound effect on poplar plantations applied by the hydro-drilling method The experiment was carried out according to Example 4 on the soil described there. However, instead of manganese sludge, gibberellin was added to the drilling water at a dose of 0.05 g / tree. The trial was evaluated one year after planting. The results are summarized in Table 12.

Table 12

treatment

Stem diameter, mm

Tree height cm

Production of organic matter,%

Gibberellin 1

Avg.

9.3 9.5 9.6 9.6

101 103 103 102

9.5

102.25

104.3

Gibberel-1 lin + 2

Artificial fertilizer 4 Avg.

10.6 10.8 Ϊ0.6 10.7

101 99 99

100

10.6

99.75

113.6

unbehan- 1

2

Control 3

Avg.

9.2 9.7 9.6 9.6

102 95 96 99

9.5

100

Example 7

Comparative study of vine plantations created using the hydro-drilling method or the hydro-drilling method with simultaneous addition of nutrients

On humushaltigem sandy soil grapevines were planted. 20 or 40 g of the artificial fertilizer composition according to Table 4 were added to the drilling water per hive. The trial was evaluated one year after planting. The average values of 200 sticks each are shown in Table 13.

Example 8

Comparative analysis of peach tree plantings after the hydro-drilling process or the hydro-drilling process with simultaneous addition of nutrients

In middle-bound clay soil, peach trees were planted 100 cm deep. 40g or 80g of the nutrient combination according to Table 4 were added to the drilling water per tree. The trial was evaluated two years after planting. The average values of 150 trees each are listed in Table 14.

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Table 13 (wine)

parameter

40 g / stick

20 g / stick

untreated

Rooted sticks,% shoot diameter, mm shoot length, mm weight of leaves g / stick prod, anorg. Substances,%

95

5:19, 771

85.39 127.1

5:13 773

81.73 115.7

94

4,92,683

66.28 100

Table 14 (peach trees)

Parameters ·> Rooted Trees,% Root Diameter, mm Prod, anorg. Substances,%

40 g / tree

83

35.7 116

80 g / tree

38.9 126

untreated 64 30.8 100

Claims (10)

-1- / UO 4 / Invention claims: 1. A method for planting trees, characterized in that in the successful by means of hydro drilling successful production of the planting pit together with the drilling water, plant nutrients, optionally finely divided organic and / or inorganic substances, pesticides with the soil disinfecting and / or fungicidal effect and / or Introduce compounds with hormone action or their precursors into the planting pit and insert the planting material into the pit. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as a plant nutrient, a maximum of 75Gew .-% of the required in larger quantities nutrients N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O in the desired ratio and a maximum of 10Gew .-% of in small Quantities required elements Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe and B used in the desired ratio containing fertilizer composition. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one uses the plant nutrients in the form of a slow and / or fast-acting artificial fertilizer composition. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is useful as finely divided organic substance organic fertilizer and / or peat used. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one uses as finely comminuted organic substance minerals, preferably zeolite, perlite or other clay minerals. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the soil disinfectant pesticides expediently phosphoric acid, - thiophosphoric or Dithiophosphorsäureester derivatives used. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is useful as fungicidal pesticide triphenyltin acetate and / or zinc and / or Mangandithiocarbamate used. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that preferably used as compounds having hormone action gibberellic acid or its derivatives, auxin, cytokinin or cytokininartige compounds. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that preferably used as precursors of the compounds having hormone action amino acids. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that one uses in the planting rooted or rootless seedlings.