CZ38128U1 - An herbicide - Google Patents

Description

Herbicidal preparation

Field of technology

The field of technology refers to a natural total herbicide based on - Bio-herbicide (III), composed of natural substances - Acetic acid (active substance), Citric acid (tricarboxylic acid - synergistic substance) and Glycerin (natural adjuvant, synergist, surfactant, etc.) especially with an emphasis on the synergistic activity of these substances with the functions of a surfactant - a surface-active substance that reduces surface tension, it refers to Glycerin, which, by its function, also reduces the amount of the product used, which is especially advantageous from an ecological point of view.

This natural, non-toxic Bio-herbicide can also be used as a safe alternative for weed control in organic farming systems.

Current state of the art

Bio-herbicides are a new approach to weed control. The intensive use of synthetic herbicides causes serious environmental and public health problems. It is therefore appropriate to develop new bio herbicide preparations that are highly effective, safer (for workers and for the environment) and that include a low price/production ratio.

In this sense, herbicide formulations with surface tension-reducing active substances have become necessary in recent years in biological herbicide applications, as they often increase the effectiveness of the herbicide at reduced doses. This version of the bio herbicide with Glycerin, which is a "smart" carrier system for the active substance that reduces the final concentration of the relevant chemical molecules, etc.

Bioherbicides are living organisms (more specifically microorganisms) or products derived from microorganisms, including natural metabolites produced by these organisms during their growth and development. Limitations for the development of bioherbicides, especially those containing biotic agents, include specific requirements to maintain the activity and effectiveness of the bio-organism, which requires the development of special formulations.

Bioherbicides, also known as natural herbicides, play a key role in sustainable agriculture by effectively inhibiting the growth and development of weeds. They help increase crop productivity by reducing competition between plants for nutrients, water and light. Their ecological nature distinguishes bioherbicides and supports ecological agricultural practices. Despite their numerous advantages, many bioherbicide compounds are inherently unstable and prone to degradation in the environment by temperature, light, moisture and microbial activity, posing a challenge for effective weed management.

To solve this problem of instability, in recent years more and more emphasis has been placed on strategies of surfactants - so-called complex surface-active substances (in our case Glycerin):

• reduction in the amount of chemicals needed to grow crops • increased efficiency • sustainable release of biological compounds • improved shelf life • use in agricultural and natural ecosystems • protection of environmental factors • potential of improved formulation systems to help solve weed problems

- 1 CZ 38128 UI

Surfactants - surfactants are chemical compounds that reduce surface tension or interfacial tension between two or more substances. If enough surfactant molecules are present in the solution, they will join together to form structures called micelles. Wetting agent molecules are amphipathic (ie, they consist of two parts), each of which is attracted to a different phase. The front part of the molecule is usually hydrophilic and the end part is lipophilic and thus forms a kind of bridge between the two phases, thereby reducing the surface tension of the spray droplets. The aim is to develop an understanding of the factors influencing the formulation of bio-herbicide for successful use in agricultural and natural ecosystems and to assess the prospects for the development of improved formulation of bio-herbicide.

The potential for improved systems of these formulations to help address current weed problems suggests that commercial products will emerge that combine the benefits of bioherbicides in formulations that are less harmful to the wider environment.

According to research so far, only a small part of herbicides is absorbed by plants. The rest is lost by one or more of the following: evaporation, adsorption, leaching, photodecomposition, chemical degradation, and microbial decomposition. The continuous use of synthetic herbicides leads to the development of resistance of weeds to these herbicides.

Modification of surface or bulk properties using surfactants has great potential for effectively improving the performance of herbicide preparations.

Article 1

Is acetic acid a weed killer?

Source: https://www.aromka.cz/blog/kyselina-octova-je-na-plevel/

More details on the issue of acetic acid as a herbicide:

According to the statement of the Central Inspection and Testing Institute of Agriculture in Brno, which our company received, it is not possible to offer acetic acid as a total herbicide for weeds. Among other things is written in the statement "if acetic acid is offered for use as a plant protection product (direct action on a harmful agent), the provisions of Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 apply to it on placing plant protection products on the market and on the repeal of Council Directives 79/117/EEC and 91/414/EEC (hereinafter referred to as "EC Regulation") and the relevant provisions of the RLP Act.

We quote from the EU regulations: "The Commission has requested scientific assistance from the European Food Safety Authority (hereinafter referred to as "the Authority"). On August 4, 2017, the Authority submitted a technical report to the Commission on the expansion of the use of vinegar as a herbicide in plant protection. The Commission presented a review report to the Standing Committee on Plants, Animals, Food and Feed on 23 October 2018 and a draft of this Regulation on 12 December 2018. The examinations carried out showed that vinegar can generally be expected to meet the requirements set out in Article 23 of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, in particular with regard to the use as a herbicide, which was examined and described in detail in the review report. The use of vinegar as a herbicide should therefore be allowed. In addition, as new uses of vinegar are permitted, it is acceptable to permit other potential uses of vinegar as outlined in the latest version of the vinegar review report. Therefore, it is appropriate to cancel the current restriction of use only as a fungicide and bactericide.

So the current situation is that vinegar (food grade with a maximum 10% acetic acid content) is approved for use as a base substance that is also a fungicide and bactericide. Vinegar must be used in accordance with the specific conditions set out in the conclusions of the vinegar review report (SANCO/12896/2014), and in particular in Appendices I and II of that report. Further information on basic substances can be obtained on the ÚKZÚZ website.

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Article 2

Comparison of the efficacy of some new natural herbicides for weed control at two growth stages.

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 January 2017.

Hussein FH Abouziena. Department of Botany, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

Ahmad AM Omar. Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44111, Egypt Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Center for Citrus Research and Education, University of Florida

ShivD, Sharma Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Center for Citrus Research and Education, University of Florida

Megh Singh Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Center for Citrus Research and Education, University of Florida,

Source: https://www.cambridge.org/core/joumals/weed-technology/article/abs/efficacy- comparison-of-some-new-naturalproduct-herbicides-for-weed-control-at-two-growthstages/ D80C4B 166C42FE85CF420964B793A782

There is an urgent need to accelerate the development and implementation of effective organic herbicides that are safe for the environment and that help producers meet the growing consumer demand for organic products. Therefore, greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of acetic acid (5%), acetic acid (30%), citric acid (10%), citric acid (5%) + garlic (0.2%), citric acid (10%) ) ) + garlic (0.2%), clove oil (45.6%) and corn gluten compounds (CGM) as natural herbicides for weed control.

Herbicides were applied to the broad-leaved weeds roundworm, wild mustard, black eggplant, sickle-leaved, velvetfoot, and round-leaved pigweed, and to the narrow-leaved weeds of the crow's-ear, annual ryegrass, gooseberry, green bindweed, and yellow walnut. Herbicides were applied POST at two stages of weed growth, namely two to four and four to six true leaf stages. CGM was applied to PPI in two soil types.

Citric acid (5%) + garlic (0.2%) had the greatest control (98%) of younger broadleaf weeds, followed by acetic acid (30%) > CGM > citric acid (10%) > acetic acid (5%) > citric acid (10%) + garlic (0.2%) and clove oil. Wild mustard was the most sensitive to these herbicides, while common hogweed was the least sensitive.

Herbicides did not control broadleaf weeds except for acetic acid (30%) when applied early POST (EPOST) and CGM.

Acetic acid (30%) was phytotoxic to all broadleaf weeds and most narrowleaf weeds when applied EPOST. Delayed application until the four- to six-leaf stage significantly reduced efficacy; acetic acid was less sensitive to growth stage than other herbicides. These results will help identify effective natural herbicides for weed control in organic farming.

In general - activators and surfactants contained in our bio-herbicide:

Surfactants are also a category of adjuvants (Glycerin). They increase the utilization of the active ingredient of the herbicide by increasing the deposition, spread and retention of droplets on all leaf surfaces, leading to increased uptake of the herbicide by plants. More specifically, they are added topically to herbicide solutions

- 3 CZ 38128 UI of active substances to reduce the surface tension of the spray solution and thereby increase surface wetting.

Nevertheless, attention must be paid to the selection of the surfactant and especially to its determination - Micellar critical concentration, to increase the retention on the leaves and the translocation of herbicides, so that application rates and production costs remain low. This is a group of adjuvants influencing the effectiveness of herbicides, most often by increasing the absorption (intake) of the herbicide by the surface of the leaves (in our case Glycerin).

In general - surfactants/surfactants contained in the bio-herbicide:

Surfactants are categorized as cationic, anionic (non-ionic) and amphoteric (amphoteric substances are compounds that have both acidic and basic functional groups in the molecule), with the non-ionic group being the most commonly used. These non-ionic surfactants minimize the reflection of drops, increase the spreading of drops, improve the retention and effectiveness of active ingredients in spray applications (in our case Glycerin).

The task of adjuvants/surfactants is to make herbicide treatment more efficient, i.e. to reduce the dose of herbicide while maintaining or increasing biological effectiveness and selectivity. These substances can affect the sprayability and activity of the herbicide in many areas. Most adjuvants are also surfactants (wetting agents, or surface-active substances). These are substances that increase the biological effectiveness of herbicides by increasing the wettability of the spray liquid and improving the coverage of the target surface. This improves and accelerates the penetration of the active substance through the surface layers of the leaf. The effect of surfactants on the surface tension of spray droplets is generally well documented. Epicuticular wax on the leaf surface repels water, resulting in the formation of spray droplets when they land on the leaves. In some situations, a high percentage of spray droplets may simply bounce off the leaves, causing the herbicide to fall harmlessly to the ground. Surfactants lower the surface tension of spray droplets, increase spray retention, and allow spray droplets to spread over a larger surface area.

There are generally three primary types of adjuvants used to increase the effectiveness of herbicides:

• surfactants (we used - Glycerol) • concentrates - vegetable oil (e.g. lemon grass) • ammonium fertilizers (e.g. ammonium sulfate)

The essence of the technical solution

The essence of the technical solution is a total Bio-herbicide product, i.e. provide a safe non-toxic Bio-herbicide composition that does not harm the environment. The presented technical solution is focused on a herbicide preparation containing mainly - Acetic acid 10% (organic acid), Citric acid and another surfactant - surfactant, emulsifier and stabilizer (Glycerol), for weed control. The preparation is determined by its weed control activity, while it is a systemic non-selective herbicide, a slightly emulsifiable liquid, for use in the removal of many weeds and grasses.

The goal is to shed light on the understanding of the factors influencing the formulation of the Bio herbicide we are developing, for successful use in agricultural and natural ecosystems, i.e. for our product based on bio-technologies, especially in eco-agricultural production. The enormous innovative power of these technologies, which is able to develop its potential and limit the inappropriate action against current developments in the field of the environment, only if biotechnologies are sufficiently understood.

In the future, these technologies have great potential to increase food production globally, and in particular

-4CZ 38128 UI to improve their quality and reduce the threat to nature by intensifying agricultural production (using synthetic substances).

The bio-herbicide (which we formulate) is generally also known, in terms of the substances used, as a natural herbicide. These play a key role in sustainable agriculture by effectively inhibiting the growth and development of weeds. They help increase crop productivity by reducing competition between plants for nutrients, water and light. Their ecological nature differentiates these Bio-herbicides from synthetic herbicides by supporting ecological agricultural practices.

Acetic acid (or White vinegar 10% vol.) - its acidity can destroy plant cells, which leads to their drying and subsequent death (vinegar does not translocate to the roots of target plants). In this form, acetic acid is of course present in a low concentration (10%), because in its pure state, or the so-called acetic essence, it is a strongly corrosive substance.

For a more effective combination of the herbicidal preparation, we chose - Citric acid and Glycerin - organic substances, while these are natural, surface-active substances. This natural non-toxic compound can be used as a safe alternative for weed control in organic farming systems.

This Glycerin assisted formulation can help improve the quality of bioherbicides by increasing their efficacy and bioavailability, reducing the amount of product required for treatment and increasing their ability to target specific weeds.

However, it is important to choose the right materials, depending on specific needs and consideration of several factors inherent to surfactants, such as production costs, reduction of the amount of preparation used, etc.

In this formulation, we place particular emphasis on the properties of the substances already mentioned, and then on - the synergistic activity of other auxiliary substances - Citric acid and Glycerin, which has the function of a surfactant, i.e. surfactants that reduce surface tension, which also reduce the amount of herbicide used during spraying (adjuvant). This means that Glycerin is a so-called synergist that multiplies the effect of Acetic and Citric Acids and at the same time reduces the amount of product used during spraying thanks to the used wetting agent - Glycerin, among other things by limiting the evaporation of active substances. The presented technical solution provides a kind of effective natural herbicide preparation for weed control, but also more environmentally friendly, which can be used to improve the control of the effect of weeds and adapts to current ecological requirements.

Acetic acid in a concentration of 10% (so-called white vinegar)

It is essentially 10% fermented vinegar, which is produced by a natural fermentation process of alcohol using vinegar bacteria, especially the genus Acetobacter. It is a genus of aerobic bacteria from the Alphaproteobacteria group, which are obtained by oxidizing alcohol to acetic acid. Compared to regular 8% vinegar, it is more concentrated and not colored with caramel El50c. Therefore, it has a white transparent color and is sometimes called white vinegar or colorless vinegar (density - 1.0125 g/cm ³ ).

To remove weeds with vinegar, it is necessary to choose vinegar with a higher concentration, i.e. vinegar (food grade with acetic acid content of no more than 10%), which is approved by UKZUZ (Central Control and Testing Institute for Agriculture Brno) as a plant protection agent, for use on weed killer as a basic active ingredient - which is also a fungicide and bactericide. This vinegar must be used in accordance with the special conditions of the EU.

As a natural non-toxic product, it can be used as a safe alternative for weed control in organic farming systems, whereas Acetic Acid 10% and Citric Acid is of particular interest to companies that are under pressure to use greener chemicals - especially those that are certified according to ISO 14001:2016, which is worldwide

- 5 CZ 38128 UI recognized standard for environmental management systems - EMS (which was first published in 1996).

Vinegar with the active ingredient Acetic acid in a concentration of 10% is approved as a weed killer that does not translocate to the roots of plants, whereas, for example, the more concentrated 25% acetic acid cannot be offered as a weed killer due to EU-ECHA regulations.

Citric acid (E 330)

Citric acid is a natural compound that acts as a natural herbicide. Citric acid is an active ingredient in pesticides registered for residential and commercial use.

These products, containing citric acid in combination with other active ingredients, are used to kill odor-causing bacteria, mold, pathogenic fungi, some bacteria and some viruses.

It is also used as a disinfectant, virucide, germicide (a chemical substance or its solution with an antimicrobial effect that causes the inactivation or killing of a microorganism) and as an algicide in swimming pools and other places where unwanted algae grow.

Citric acid is a major industrial chemical with more than 2 million t/year produced worldwide. In industrial and domestic applications, citric acid is a chelating and buffering agent in many cleaning products and a starting material for the synthesis of citrate esters, itaconic acid, acetone dicarboxylic acid and other compounds.

Glycerin (vegetable glycerol 99.5%)

Glycerin (or glycerol) is a natural substance - adjuvant, surfactant, surfactant, anionic surfactant and also an activator. This substance (organosilicone surface-active substance - density 1.25 g/cm ³ ) adheres better to the sheet, it is also a vehicle-carrier, i.e. a substance/matter added to the active substance that supports changes in their physicochemical properties (synergistic substance).

Glycerin is also a non-ionic surface-active agent that can quickly reduce the surface tension of the applied substance on the leaf blade, and its strong wettability supports the spreading ability of the substance Acetic acid 10%, on the front of the leaf blade. This substance helps the spray solution wet the surface of the weeds, thereby helping to strengthen the active substance (Acetic acid 10%). This means that it is a synergist that simultaneously functions as a universal adjuvant - carrier, moisturizer and antifreeze.

It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid. This organic compound can quickly reduce the surface tension of the preparation on the leaves, and at the same time, its wettability, serves as a surfactant for the use of the overall herbicide preparation, with the fact that after homogenization with the other ingredients of the preparation, it is an emulsifiable liquid (glycerin - emulsifier). Glycerin is also an activator - they increase the wettability and thus the adhesion of the application liquid and its permeation (penetration) properties, and thus can stimulate the conductive transport of acetic acid in the plant corpus and, based on this, improve (enhance) the effect of this chemical substance.

The reduction in spraying volume can reach up to 70% when using Glycerin - to reduce water consumption and application costs, surfactants and especially to reduce the total volume of herbicide preparation during spraying itself. This means that Glycerin (in this case a glycerin synergist) serves not only as a powerful wetting adjuvant, which can significantly improve the penetration of the herbicide liquid under the surface of the weed leaves, as well as improve the target absorption and transport of the herbicidal active ingredients, in favor of reducing the use of the amount of herbicide as a whole when spraying.

According to this composition containing glycerin, the application amount of the active substance - Acetic acid 10% is sufficient, while the preventive effect is improved, which is a so-called synergistic effect for improving the effectiveness of the presented bioherbicidal composition. It is well known that there is an inverse

-6CZ 38128 UI Correlation between dynamic surface tension and retention of substance on leaves by Glycerin in agricultural spray solutions.

Glycerin (surfactant) in larger quantities will use its own ability to maintain moisture on the leaf, which means that both acetic acid and citric acid are absorbed so that the leaf absorbs the relevant substances for a longer period of time, thereby reducing the dosage of the product as a whole.

This improves the overall effect of the bioherbicide product in question and also extends the time effectiveness of the product thanks to the surfactant - Glycerin.

The product should meet the following criteria for a herbicide product as part of the technical solution:

- use of only natural substances - Acetic and Citric acid and Glycerin

- synergistic effect (natural substances of Glycerin), strengthening the effect of Acetic Acid by facilitating and increasing emulsification (on the leaf there is a force action on the phase interface and thus the formation of small oil droplets in water, when the surface of the oil phase increases) and dispersion (dispersion ), when sticking to the leaf, including subsequent adhesion and thus wetting the surface of the leaf blade. This substance (Glycerin is also a surfactant) will allow the herbicide to be deposited closer to the "skin" of the plants, thereby increasing contact with the leaf and keeping the herbicide in a soluble form, while having the potential to achieve a higher absorption of Acetic Acid.

- higher efficiency thanks to Glycerin, due to the synergistic effect, because Glycerin is also an adjuvant (substance for covering the surfaces of crops and plants), which brings a reduction of the spraying volume by up to 70%

- faster degradation of the herbicide preparation in the given environment after application of the preparation, which is composed only of natural substances, against synthetic herbicides

Adjuvants - surfactants (surfactants - Glycerin) and are designed to improve the biological and other factors of this herbicidal composition. The effect of sufractants on the uptake of herbicides is significant, especially when applying more expensive preparations, they are very economical, as they allow a significant reduction of the dose per unit area without reducing the biological activity of the preparation. Spray retention (retention of the substance on the leaf) by surfactants is an important parameter of herbicide effectiveness because they determine the maximum amount of herbicide that can penetrate the surface of a plant's leaf.

The higher the amount of retained herbicide, the smaller the contact angle the droplets have on the leaf surface and can expand, resulting in a larger leaf contact surface. Plant species show different wettability on their leaves, due to different leaf architecture such as leaf roughness, surface "wax" on the leaf, etc.

Based on this, the surfaces of plant species can be classified from easily wettable to difficult to wettable, which describes why some plants exhibit very non-wetting properties and lead to low retention of sprayed liquids. This means that for a better use of the herbicide preparation, the addition of various types of adjuvants, surface-active substances, could be beneficial not only for the effectiveness of the herbicide against weeds, but also for the environment, thanks to the lower applied doses of the presented herbicide. However, if the surface of the solution increases (the formation of spray droplets), the need for additional surfactant molecules at the surface interface arises, and if there is not a sufficient concentration of surfactant in the solution, the reduction of surface tension may not be maximally possible.

The amount of wetting agent added to the application solution therefore usually exceeds the KMK value (critical micellar concentration) - according to measurements of the conductivity and surface tension of the solutions.

This point is the so-called - critical mycelium concentration (KMK), further increasing the wetting agent concentration

-7CZ 38128 UI in solution no longer reduces the surface tension, but the molecules of the wetting agent clump together and form various aggregates and micelles (molecules of surface-active substances are so-called hydrophilic and oleophilic, which means that they attract water, grease and impurities). This surfactant (Glycerin) does not really change up to a weight percentage of glycerol of approx. - 20% w/w.

The most important group of adjuvants are wetting agents - they are substances that increase the biological effectiveness of herbicides by increasing and accelerating the penetration (also called penetrants) of substances into leaf tissues. Wetting agent molecules are amphipathic (ie, they consist of two parts), each of which is attracted to a different phase.

The front part of the molecule is usually hydrophilic and the end part is lipophilic and thus forms a kind of bridge between the two phases, thereby reducing the surface tension of the spray droplets.

For example, mineral and vegetable oils or synthesized substances (dissociable salts or esters, non-ionic surfactants based on alcohols and fatty acids and other compounds) are used as wetting agents.

Based on this, we also monitored the properties of Glycerin according to the technical solution:

• improvement of wettability on the leaf and properties of the application liquid - reduction of the so-called surface tension • prolongation of the effect and increase in the effectiveness of the herbicide • improvement of the contact of the application liquid with the surface of the leaves (herbicide adhesion) of plants • strengthening of the effect of herbicide preparations (in the form of a synergistic substance) • resistance to drying out after application and washed off by rain, which slows down the evaporation of the liquid

As it is a total herbicide (meaning it cannot differentiate between broadleaf, grass or sedge), care must be taken around desirable plants as damage to these plants may be caused.

These herbicides are applied after weed emergence and have little or no residual activity in the soil, meaning we must reapply as needed. These components act by adhering to the weed and breaking down the cell structure through a burn-out process.

The plants then get stressed and die. Whether they are annual or perennial weeds, they begin to wilt and then actively die. This preparation is non-selective, i.e. it does not move in the soil to the roots of desirable plants. After spraying plants with this natural herbicide, it is possible to enter the treated area within a few hours after application and possibly start a new planting.

When using this herbicide, according to the technical solution, we aim to achieve the following synergistic effects between the individual chemical substances on the leaf blade, with the following:

1. We use Glycerin to expand the effective contact area of the drops, reduce the air gap between the solution and the surface of the leaf blade, while reducing the anti-diffusibility of the blade's curriculum (the curriculum in plants - it is a protective hydrophobic waxy covering of the leaf).

2. Glycerin is fundamentally involved in wetting, it prevents the drops of the product from drying quickly, thereby prolonging the time of wetting, i.e. the penetration of substances into the leaf and thereby prolonging the reaction of the product.

3. We support stable absorption of the herbicide solution with active substances - through pores and the space between plant cells.

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Summary of the effectiveness of the substance used - Glycerin:

The function of the adjuvant (Glycerin - a strong but gentle wetting agent) is to modify the physical properties of the herbicide spray solution, in order to increase the surface tension of the herbicide, the wetting performance. In particular, the absorption performance and further the weeding effect, which increases weed control and reduces the economic cost:

• adjuvant Glycerin - a non-ionic auxiliary substance is used to improve the coverage of the treated plant parts with the application liquid • better spray treatment - higher adhesion (adhesion) on the surface of the plant leaf • resistance to rain to reduce the washing away of the herbicide preparation by rain • the adjuvant protects the herbicide preparation from evaporation, especially when when applied at high temperatures • prolongs the time of wetting the leaf after application and thereby prolongs the effectiveness of the contact product • after drying, these substances remain on the leaf and enable rewetting after rain, which enables further absorption of herbicides - the wetting agent thus serves to improve liquid coverage

We are also trying to better adapt to the relevant national requirements for environmental protection. For this reason, the above-mentioned substances can reduce the amount of the herbicide product used during the application itself (application to plants by spraying) and increase the effect of this product.

Examples of implementing a technical solution

It is a composition of a herbicide preparation based on - Acetic acid and Citric acid, which cause the killing of weeds by their activity, with the use of Glycerin, the so-called adjuvant, a synergistic substance. The presented examples of the implementation of the technical solution provide a type of effective bio herbicide, which tries to adapt to today's ecological requirements, according to the herbicide in question, by using two herbicidal natural substances, in combination with Glycerin.

The herbicide preparation is not diluted and is ready in the given commercial packaging for use in order to remove weed plants and grasses (further details in the section - Industrial usability).

This preparation is presented in three examples of the technical solution, including the relevant table.

Example 1

Preparation with the subsequent composition of a natural herbicide preparation for the treatment of various types of weedy soils.

All the listed substances (chemical substances) are in liquid form and are soluble in cold water. The substances below were mixed at temperatures between 19 and 23°C.

The raw materials (chemicals) listed in the table of examples were dissolved at room temperature in 10% acetic acid to form a herbicide solution. Tested samples are considered 100% and were diluted in Acetic Acid 10%, to the desired concentrations.

The herbicidal composition is prepared using already prepared acetic acid (so-called white food vinegar in a concentration of 10%), in this case it is a ready-made - purchased solution in which other substances are diluted and is suitable according to valid standards and regulations for the purpose of creating a natural herbicide.

The following was added to the solution of acetic acid (so-called white vinegar with a concentration of 10%): Citric acid - 5 g/1000 g, Glycerin (vegetable glycerol) - 32 g/1000 g. The result of this process is a clear homogeneous solution.

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The balance up to 100% of the weight of this herbicidal preparation consists of - Acetic acid (so-called white vinegar with 10% concentration).

Example 2

Preparation with the subsequent composition of a natural herbicide preparation for the treatment of various types of weedy soils.

All the listed substances (chemical substances) are in liquid form and are soluble in cold water. The substances below were mixed at temperatures between 19 and 23°C.

The raw materials (chemicals) listed in the table of examples were dissolved at room temperature in 10% acetic acid to form a herbicide solution. Tested samples are considered 100% and were diluted in Acetic Acid 10%, to the required concentrations.

The herbicidal composition is prepared using already prepared acetic acid (so-called white food vinegar in a concentration of 10%), in this case it is a ready-made - purchased solution in which other substances are diluted and is suitable according to valid standards and regulations for the purpose of creating a natural herbicide.

The following was added to the acetic acid solution (so-called white vinegar with a concentration of 10%): Citric acid - 8 g/1000 g, Glycerin (vegetable glycerol) - 41 g/1000 g. The result of this process is a clear homogeneous solution.

The balance up to 100% of the weight of this herbicidal preparation consists of - Acetic acid (so-called white vinegar with 10% concentration).

Example 3

Preparation with the subsequent composition of a natural herbicide preparation for the treatment of various types of weedy soils.

All the listed substances (chemical substances) are in liquid form and are soluble in cold water. The substances below were mixed at temperatures between 19 and 23°C.

The raw materials (chemicals) listed in the table of examples were dissolved at room temperature in 10% acetic acid to form a herbicide solution. Tested samples are considered 100% and were diluted in Acetic Acid 10%, to the required concentrations.

The herbicidal composition is prepared using already prepared acetic acid (so-called white food vinegar in a concentration of 10%), in this case it is a ready-made - purchased solution in which other substances are diluted and is suitable according to valid standards and regulations for the purpose of creating a natural herbicide.

The following was added to the solution of acetic acid (so-called white vinegar with a concentration of 10%): Citric acid - 12.5 g/1000 g, Glycerin (vegetable glycerol) - 50 g/1000 g. The result of this process is a clear homogeneous solution.

The balance up to 100% of the weight of this herbicidal preparation consists of - Acetic acid (so-called white vinegar with 10% concentration).

- 10 CZ 38128 UI

Based on the given table of examples, the optimal composition from column 3 was selected.

Raw material/substance (g / 1000 g) is not diluted 1 2 3 Citric acid 5 8 12.5 Glycerin (vegetable glycerol) 32 41 50 Acetic acid 10% solution (Acidum aceticum - White vinegar) Up to 1000 g Up to 1000 g Up to 1000 g

Use of the product:

Natural herbicides are means intended for the destruction of plants - the removal of unwanted weeds. Their use can be encountered in various areas of human activity, but most often in ecological agriculture (eco-farms, orchards, gardens, large-scale greenhouses, etc.) but also in urban maintenance of greenery, industrial outdoor areas, etc.

Concentrated vinegar (10%) - is an effective total herbicide that is completely natural, gentle in production and use. Acetic acid is particularly attractive to companies that should use greener chemicals - especially those that are ISO 14001:2016 certified.

The preparation also contains a second natural substance - citric acid and glycerin. It is a natural substance that strengthens the herbicide preparation with its synergistic effects.

Other benefits of this natural herbicide product:

• Natural citric acid acts as a synergist with acetic acid. Acetic acid alone has an effect as a herbicide, the presence of a certain amount of citric acid greatly increases the effect.

• Glycerin prolongs in the form of a synergistic effect - the time of moistening of the leaf after application, thereby guaranteeing higher effectiveness of the systemic preparation (it prolongs the effectiveness of contact preparations and thus enables the gradual release of active substances into the plant).

• Increased penetration ensures better absorption of the herbicide and the effectiveness of the wetting agent technology, the so-called synergist - Glycerin (acts as a strong but gentle non-chemical wetting agent).

• New composition thanks to the surfactant (Glycerin), with the so-called critical micellar value of Glycerin so as to improve biological and other factors by changing the interphase properties of the composition.

• Synergist - Glycerin protects the product from evaporation, especially when applied at higher outdoor temperatures, reduces the escape of droplets during spraying and increases the adhesion of the product to the leaf.

• The formulation is designed to improve absorption performance and rain resistance by increasing wettability to reduce wash-off of the herbicide (Glycerin).

Technical specifications:

In our case, the primary active substance of the herbicide is - Acetic acid 10%, the other substance is - Citric acid with Glycerin (so-called adjuvants, surfactants, synergists, etc.).

It is a herbicide formulation that does not require further dilution of the product with water, for application by the end user.

The herbicide preparation is used as a spray, and it is a non-selective natural herbicide

- 11 CZ 38128 UI product designed to eliminate unwanted weeds after only 3 to 5 hours.

This ecological herbicide is suitable for use in organic farming or organic cultivation (eco-farms).

Use of the mixture: non-selective herbicide preparation - period April to October (large-capacity greenhouses - continuously):

• suitable for companies that use greener chemicals, especially those certified according to ISO 14001:2016 (this is a globally recognized standard for EMS systems - environmental management system).

• in ecological farming systems - on Eco farms or during organic cultivation of crops • in large-capacity greenhouses, when growing vegetables, etc.

• maintenance of growing vegetable gardens (including weeding before spring or autumn soil cultivation) • maintenance of public areas (so-called biological disposal in the communal sphere - cities, municipalities) • maintenance around industrial and other buildings, industrial areas, outdoor storage areas, further on sidewalks and around driveways • eradication of old lawns before replanting • maintenance of free areas between rows in orchards and vineyards, etc.

• when preparing beds for planting and before sowing ornamental plants (including communal areas) • cleaning around fence lines from weeds, edging around sidewalks, trees, shrubs and ornamental plants

Non-agricultural land - period April to October:

• weeding of industrial areas, including public areas - maintenance of greenery, parking lots, cemeteries, sidewalks around buildings (biological disposal in the communal sphere - cities, municipalities), then parking areas, along roads and sidewalks, around industrial buildings, outdoor storage areas, etc.

Scope and use of the ΒΙΟ-herbicide Plus weed spray (the preparation is not diluted): we apply it to individual plants or across the weeded area. Dosage see table -1/100 m ² .

Cultivation of crops after application (approx. 48 h) of the product - then without restrictions.

jNon-agricultural land: unpaved areas - roads, sidewalks. incoming::weeds, mosses,:: spraying - 4 to 51 per 100; we treat mosses and algae max :: roads, lawns, outdoor storage areas, etc. (period April to October) (algae m2 2x. after 30 days

Beautiful plants, vegetables, preparation - growing beds, greenhouses, gardens, (weeds. mosses.; targeted spraying - 3 to 4 l: mecliy and fasy, let's treat max (orchards and vineyards - between the rows (period April to October) algae per 100 m2 2x after 30 days

User category: non-professional user, shake well before use.

Product type and product action: spraying total herbicide solution, not diluted.

Properties: works from 17° C to 30° C. It is resistant to rain approx. 3 hours after application.

Composition: Acetic acid 10% (White vinegar) - 10 g/1, Citric acid - 12.5 g/1, Glycerin (vegetable glycerol) - 50 g/1

Shelf life of the product (expiration): 1 year from the date of manufacture when stored in the correct way in the original, intact packaging (storage temperature in a dark room at +7 to +22 °C).

We repeat the spraying as needed, after 3 to 6 weeks.

• Before the next planting, the soil must not be processed for at least two days, due to the effect of the preparation against unwanted plants on the treated site.

- 12 CZ 38128 UI • Natural herbicide based on Acidum aceticum and Acidum Citricum is most effective in warm weather, when weeds are drier.

• Plan the use of the spray well, it should not rain for at least 3 hours after application, you should not even water to make the effect as effective as possible.

• Cultivation of crops after application (approx. 48 h) of the product - then without restrictions.

Information for users of herbicide preparations:

• Selective - destroys only certain types of weeds, while not harming ornamental or useful plants. Their disadvantage is that you must accurately identify the types of weeds and strictly follow the application procedure recommended by the manufacturer. Selective sprays are therefore suitable for use near vegetables, fruit, cereals, ornamental plants or on the lawn.

• Non-selective - they are also called total and destroy every plant that comes their way. It is therefore particularly suitable for weeds growing in greenhouses, on sidewalks, in the gaps between tiles, in gravel sidewalks and paths, etc.

• According to the mechanism of action, sprays are divided into:

Contact - they damage only those parts of the plants that you hit with the spray.

• Systemic - they are also called root because they penetrate the weed through the root system, from where the plant spreads to all its parts. Thanks to this, herbicides can reliably eliminate weeds without being able to regenerate and multiply again.

• With pre-emergence application - they are used before the emergence of useful plants and crops (eg potatoes), when the weeds are still in the ground or partially emerged. They soak into the ground and can prevent weed seeds from germinating. You will increase their effect if you apply them on soil without large lumps.

• With post-emergence application - they are also suitable for application in the vicinity of emerging useful plants and crops, without negatively affecting it.

Industrial applicability

Excessive and inappropriate use of chemical (synthetic) herbicides gradually leads to the occurrence of a whole range of problems, from contamination of food and the environment to the appearance of resistant biotypes.

Bio-herbicides have the potential to play an important role in controlling weeds in an environmentally sustainable manner that does not leave toxic residues in the soil or ecosystem. The use of plant-based, natural herbicides is less dangerous for human health (versus synthetic herbicides - Glyphosate, etc.) and a food base without synthetic chemicals.

The potential of improved bio-formulation systems to help address current weed problems and present the benefits of Bio-herbicides in herbicidal formulations that are not harmful to the wider environment. Their ecological nature differentiates these Bio-Herbicides from conventional herbicides by promoting ecological agricultural practices. The primary goal of this preparation is to provide a new herbicidal composition and, at the same time, a preparation that is less damaging to the already burdened environment.

Claims (2)

1. Herbicidal composition, characterized by the fact that it contains citric acid in an amount from 0.04% to 38% by mass of the composition, glycerin in an amount from 0.08% to 46% by mass of the composition and the balance up to 100% by mass of this the herbicide consists of acetic acid. 2. The herbicidal agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it is in the form of a solution.