CZ37814U1 - Padding material for packaging and packaging material provided with such padding material - Google Patents

Description

Filling material for packaging and packaging material provided with this filling material

Field of technology

Technical solutions regarding filling material for packaging.

The technical solution also concerns the packaging material provided with this filler material.

Current state of the art

Currently, various plastic-based materials are used as filling material for the packaging of various, especially fragile, products (typically electronics, porcelain, glass, etc.). Examples are, for example, air cushions, cushion or bubble foil or fixation bodies, which are used to fill free spaces in the package, or cover critical areas of packaged products. The disadvantage of these filling materials is primarily that they are no longer usable, and they are made from materials with high durability and resistance, such as polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), expanded polystyrene (EPS), etc. As a result, they so their production and use are considerably unecological.

A more ecological option are filling materials made of waste material based on wood or paper, such as wood wool or cardboard shreds, etc. However, their disadvantage is significantly worse handling, low cohesion and high accuracy.

The goal of the technical solution is to design a filling material for packaging that would eliminate the disadvantages of the state of the art, as well as packaging material equipped with this filling material.

The essence of the technical solution

The goal of the technical solution is achieved by filling material for packaging, the essence of which is that it contains a core formed by particles of the substrate, which is at least 85% by weight. formed by particles of material of biological origin and/or particles of material of non-biological origin with a diameter of up to 10 mm, through which the particles of the substrate are connected by sponge fibers, which surround these particles and eventually pass through them, into a composite self-supporting material. This nucleus is stored in a nuclear envelope, which completely surrounds the nucleus.

Substrate particles preferably have a diameter of up to 5 mm.

Suitable material of biological origin is, for example, material from the group of sawdust, cereal bran/husk, straw, hay, husks, or cellulose-based waste material (paper, cardboard, cardboard), or various types of shells or husks, e.g. coffee husks, kâvovÿ saf (remainder after roasting kâva), nut shells, etc.

A suitable material of non-biological origin is, in particular, material that will provide some added value to the filler material, such as the ability to absorb odors, the ability to absorb moisture, the ability to slow down fire, etc., or make it possible to use the filler material after its use as a high-quality fertilizer. Such material is, for example, activated carbon (absorbs odor), hydrogel, such as potassium polyacrylate (absorbs moisture), or fire retardant, such as foam glass, brick cloth, vermiculite, expanded clay, perlite, experlite, cavitite, pumice stone, hydroxymagnesite , limestone, ammonium polyphosphate (NH4PO3), melamine salts (e.g. cyanurate, borate, polyphosphate), alloxyamine, titanium white (TiO2), ammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4), aluminum phosphate (AlPO4), sodium borate (Na2B4O7), ammonium chloride (NH4Q ), sodium phosphate (Na3PO4), aluminum sulfate (Ak(SO4)3), aluminum chloride (AlCb), calcium phosphate

- 1 CZ 37814 UI (CasCPChh), ammonium sulfate ((NH^SCh), calcium chloride (CaCl·), aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)s), possibly phosphorus-based fertilizer (superphosphorus), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), potassium salt (K2SO4), urea (NH2CONH2), potassium chloride (KC1), NPK fertilizer.

Within one substrate, it is possible to combine two or more materials of biological and/or non-biological origin from the above list, or at least one material of biological origin and at least one material of non-biological origin.

A suitable filamentous mushroom is a mushroom from the group Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus arvensis, Ganoderma tsugae, Inonotus obliquus, Agrocybe brasiliensi, Flammulina velutipes, Hypholoma capnoides, Hypholoma sublaterium, Morchella angusticeps, Macrolepiota procera, Coprinus comatus.

The cover of the core of the filling material is a part of the design and intended application made of biodegradable or non-biodegradable material.

The goal of the technical design is also achieved by the packaging material, the essence of which lies in the fact that it contains an outer layer, to the inner surface of which the filling material is attached according to the technical design.

Clarified drawing

On the attached drawing it is on:

Fig. 1 schematically shows the process of an exemplary variant of filling material for packaging according to the technical design;

Fig. 2 cross-section of another exemplary variant of this filling material; and Fig. 3 is a section through an exemplary variant of a part of the packaging material coated with this filling material according to the technical design.

Examples of the implementation of technical design

According to the technical design, the filling material contains the core 1 stored in the package 2 of the core 1 - see, for example, Fig. 1 to 3. The core 1 is in the package 2 of the core 1 with the outlet stored freely.

The core 1 of the filling material is made of a material based on the mycelium of a filamentous fungus, the fibers (hyphae) of which surround the particles of the originally loose substrate, or even grow through them, connecting them to the surface of a soft and pliable, but compact and self-supporting material.

Various materials of biological origin can be used as a loose substrate, with the advantage of waste materials from the wood processing industry or agriculture, such as sawdust, cereal bran/chaff, straw, hay, husks, etc., various types of husks or husks, e.g. coffee husks, coffee grounds (remainder after roasting coffee), etc., or cellulose-based waste materials, such as paper, cardboard, cardboard, etc. In the case of sawdust, sawdust from softwood is advantageously used - according to the experiments carried out, sawdust from softwood, e.g. Spruce or Modfin wood can be fully replaced by sawdust made from hard wood, e.g. beech wood, and are therefore more available and cheaper. In addition, materials of non-biological origin can also be used as a substrate, which do not inhibit the growth of the fungus and at the same time provide some added value to the filling material, such as the ability to absorb odors, the ability to absorb moisture, the ability to slow down rotting, etc., or to enable the use of filler material after its use as a high-quality fertilizer. Such material is, for example, activated carbon (absorbs odor), hydrogel, such as potassium polyacrylate (absorbs moisture), or retarders, such as foam glass, brick cloth, vermiculite, expanded clay, perlite, experlite, cavitite, pumice stone,

-2 CZ 37814 UI Hydroxymagnesite, limestone, ammonium polyphosphate (NH4PO3), melamine salts (e.g. cyanurate, borate, polyphosphate), alloxyamine, titanium dioxide (T1O2), ammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4), aluminum phosphate (AIPO4), sodium borate (NaiELO ?). ammonium chloride (NH4CI), sodium phosphate (NasPCh), aluminum sulfate (AhCSChjs), aluminum chloride (AlCh), phosphate vapenateÿ (CasCPChh), ammonium sulfateÿ ((NH^SCh), chloride vapenateÿ (CaCl·). aluminum hydroxideÿ (Al (0H)3), possibly phosphorus-based fertilizer (superphosphorus), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), potassium salt (K2SO4), urea (NH2CONH2), potassium chloride (KC1), NPK fertilizer with a known living medium, such as corn or wheat manure, etc. In the case of potfeb, it is possible to combine materials of biological and non-biological origin into different mixtures.

When using waste materials, it can be up to 15% by weight. substrate made of material of a different type, such as adhesive residues, adhesive tape, or other adhesives, etc.

Within the framework of the substrate, it is possible to combine two or more of the above-mentioned materials in essentially any ratio.

As a fibrous sponge Ize die nature of the substrate can be used, for example. dfevocasous fungus. Typical representatives of usable fibrous sponges are, for example, Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus arvensis, Ganoderma tsugae, Inonotus obliquas, Agrocybe brasiliensi, Flammulinci velutipes, Hypholoma capnoides, Hypholoma sublaterium, Morchella angusticeps, Macrolepiota procera, Coprinus comatus.

During the preparation of the core, the sterilized bulk substrate is ground or crushed to a particle size (diameter) of up to 10 mm, with an output of up to 5 mm, if necessary supplemented with nutrients (e.g. carbohydrates/carbohydrates, proteins, fats) or a culture medium, inoculated with the inoculum of the selected fungus and then placed in an environment suitable for the growth of the given fungus (humidity, temperature). During its subsequent growth, this fungus consumes nutrients, or a part of the substrate, and its fibers grow through the free spaces between the particles of the substrate, attaching to these particles and connecting them into a compact self-supporting material; it usually leads to the penetration of individual particles of the substrate. The filaments of the sponge grow up to the surface of the substrate and cover it with a thin layer that reduces the water absorption of the initially absorbent substrate. The created composite material can be shaped into any shape during the growth of the mycelium, e.g. placing it in a specially shaped form. After creating this material and setting the required parameters, the fungus is killed by one of the well-known techniques - e.g. by heat, acidification, freezing, dehydration, or a suitable chemical substance (fungicide), so the resulting composite material is biologically inactive.

According to the technical design, the core 1 of the filling material can have essentially any spatial shape of die potfeby. The most convenient and universal shape is a flat plate (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 3), but it is also possible to create a more complex spatial shape, e.g. "L", "T", "U" shape, etc. designed to cover critical areas of the packaged product, such as its corners, filling the space between different parts of the packaged product, between two or more packaged products, or for filling the space between the product and the outer packaging or completely surrounding the packaged product. The core 1, especially in the variant where it has the form of a flat plate, is advantageously covered with constrictions on at least one of its surfaces, or slots 10 - see e.g. Fig. 3, which enables the additional shaping of the filler material by bending it at the point of narrowing.

The core 1 of the filling material according to the technical design is stored in a specially shaped cover 2 of the core 1, which protects it from damage and at the same time prevents the release of particles of this material into the space of the packaged product. The material of the cover 2 of the core 1 is preferably a biodegradable material, such as foil based on bioplastic (e.g. based on polyhydroxyalkanoate - PHA, polylactic acid - PLA), based on corn or potato starch, or paper. Another variant of the cover 2 of the core 1 are different foils made of materials that are not biodegradable, but are designed for example. for food contact,

-3 CZ 37814 U1, e.g. from polyethylene (PE and LLDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), foil from regenerated cellulose (cellophane), etc. The cover 2 of the core 1 completely surrounds this core 1. If necessary, the cover 2 of the core can be perforated in order to ensure the contact of the core 1 with the internal and/or external environment and, for example, to take advantage of the specific properties of its substrate.

According to the technical solution, the filling material for packaging is biologically degradable in the preferred version, e.g. even under the conditions of home composting, which makes it possible to further use this material in an ecological way. If one of the components of the filler material is made of non-biodegradable material, it can be disposed of, for example, by incineration with energy utilization. Considering that the cover 2 and the core 1 are not firmly connected, it is possible to separate them after using the filling material and further process them separately.

The packaging material provided with the filling material according to the technical solution is then formed by a known outer layer 3 (see Fig. 3), which subsequently serves as the outer layer of the entire package, made up of e.g. cardboard, wood, sheet metal, etc., and its inner surface is in the front in places according to the shape of the packaged product, connected segments of 4 filler material according to the technical solution, which prevent the movement of this product in the package during the packaging of the product, or cover its critical places. The distribution and number of segments 4 of the filling material is given by the shape of the packaged product and the shape of the package. If necessary, several segments 4 of the filler material can be stacked on top of each other.

Claims (9)

1. Filling material for packaging, characterized by the fact that it contains a core (1) formed by particles of the substrate, which is at least 85% by weight. formed by particles of biological origin and/or particles of non-biological origin with a diameter of up to 10 mm, which are connected by sponge fibers that surround these particles and possibly pass through them, into a composite self-supporting material, whereby this core (1) is stored in a casing (2) core (1), which completely surrounds the core (1). 2. Filling material according to claim 1, characterized in that the core (1) is formed by substrate particles of biological origin and/or substrate particles of non-biological origin with a diameter of up to 5 mm. 3. Filling material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the substrate of biological origin is material from the group of sawdust, cereal bran/husk, straw, hay, chaff, coffee husks, coffee sap, nut shells. 4. Filling material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the substrate of biological origin is a cellulose-based material. 5. Filling material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the substrate of non-biological origin is a material from the group of activated carbon, hydrogel, foam glass, brick cloth, vermiculite, expanded clay, pertli, experlite, cavitite, pumice, hydroxymagnesite, limestone, polyphosphate ammonium (NH4PO3), melamine salts, alloxyamine, titanium dioxide (T1O2), ammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4), aluminum phosphate (AlPO4), sodium borate (Na2B4O7), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), sodium phosphate (Na3PO4), aluminum sulfate (Ah (SO4)3), aluminum chloride (AiC'k), calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4^), ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), calcium chloride (C'aC'k), aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3 ), or phosphorus-based fertilizer, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), potassium salt (K2SO4), urea (NH2CONH2), potassium chloride (KCl), NPK fertilizer. 6. Filling material according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibrous mushroom is a mushroom from the group Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus arvensis, Ganoderma tsugae, Inonotus obliquus, Agrocybe brasiliensi, Flammulina velutipes, Hypholoma capnoides, Hypholoma sublaterium, Morchella angusticeps, Macrolepiota procera, Coprinus comatose. 7. Filling material according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the shell (2) of the core (1) is a biodegradable material. 8. Filling material according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the shell (2) of the core (1) is a non-biodegradable material. 9. Packaging material, characterized by the fact that it contains an outer layer (3), to the surface of which a filling material according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is attached.