CZ136194A3 - Environment friendly fuel for compression ignition engines - Google Patents

Abstract

An ecological fuel for compression ignition engines containing 35 to 55 parts by volume of the methyl esters of unsaturated and saturated acids with the number of carbon atoms in the molecule of 16 to 22, mainly of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolic acid, linolenic acid, eicosanoic acid and erucic acid of plant origin, 15 to 65 parts by volume of aliphatic n-alkenes with ten to twenty carbon atoms in the molecule, individually or their mixtures, and/or 1 to 65 parts by volume of aliphatic 1-alkenes with eight to eighteen carbon atoms in the molecule, individually or their mixtures. It preferably contains also up to 30 parts by volume of monobasic alcohol with four to six carbon atoms in the molecule or their arbitrary mixture, or it preferably contains up to 65 parts by volume of a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons boiling from 90% to 350 degrees C, identified as the medium distillation fraction of crude oil, with a total sulphur content of at most 0.010 % by weight. This ecological fuel is fully biodegradable and is a full-value substitute for traditional mineral fuels for compression ignition engines, commonly identified as diesel oil.

Description

(57)

Ecological diesel fuel containing 35 to 55 parts by volume of methyl esters of unsaturated and saturated acids with a carbon number of 16 to 22, in particular palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosanoic and erucic plant origin, 15 to 65 parts by volume of aliphatic nalkane having from ten to twenty carbon atoms per molecule individually or a mixture thereof, and / or from 1 to 65 parts by volume of an aliphatic 1-alkene of eight to eighteen carbon atoms per molecule individually or a mixture thereof. Further preferably, it contains up to 30 parts by volume of a monohydric alcohol having from four to six carbon atoms in the molecule or any mixture thereof, or preferably up to 65 parts by volume of a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons boiling from 90% to 350 ° C. a total sulfur content of 0.010 wt. %. This eco-friendly fuel is fully biodegradable and is a substitute for conventional mineral fuels for <73 Γ- ^ 3

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Ecological fuel for diesel engines

Technical field

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a new generation ecological fuel, fully replacing a hydrocarbon blend commonly referred to as diesel fuel for diesel engines, based on biodegradable constituents, in particular methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids of plant origin.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Recently, there has been a significant development in Europe and around the world of alternative energy sources to increasingly replace conventional fossil fuels. One of the most important activities in this direction is the research, development and production of ecological fuels for diesel engines based on unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters of vegetable origin. In our climatic conditions, one of the most important raw materials for the production of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters is rape, sunflower or corn. The main advantages of organic fuels based on unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters include fast biodegradability, negligible sulfur content, absence of aromatic and especially polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the flue gas, and also significantly lower flue gas smoke compared to conventional fuels. Another big advantage of organic fuels based on unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters is their practically balanced carbon balance, with no overproduction of CO2 throughout the entire process from organic production of the original vegetable sources of unsaturated fatty acids to the burning of organic fuel in a diesel engine, which is very favorable greenhouse effect. A significant advantage is also the benefit for the meaningful use of sowing areas in the production of biological raw materials for the production of ecological fuels.

In the Czech Republic, but also in other European countries - eg Germany, France, Austria and others, methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids contained in rapeseed oil are used as the main raw material for the production of ecological fuels. The fuels used for diesel engines based on unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters, however, do not yet reach such technical parameters that they can be used to a large extent as a full substitute for conventional fuels. The main disadvantages of organic fuels based on methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids of plant origin include high specific weight, higher acid value (negatively affects fuel system components), only seasonal use due to relatively high filtering temperature and especially reduced engine power. These disadvantages limit the current possibilities of using these ecological fuels only as fuel for agricultural technology. For example, CZ Utility Model No. 1573 discloses such an internal combustion engine fuel composition comprising a combination of four components - fatty acid esters, petroleum distillates boiling in the range of 150 to 390 ° C, C5 to C24 olefins and C 1 to C 4 aliphatic alcohols.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The solution according to the invention consists in eliminating the above-described disadvantages of the current ecological fuels for diesel engines based on unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters of vegetable origin, especially in terms of performance parameters, while maintaining all the positive properties of ecological fuels, especially biodegradability, low sulfur content . The resulting product fully meets the quality requirements for NM 22B diesel fuels according to relevant standards ¹ (ČSN 65 6506, PND 82-005-87).

The essence of the present invention is an ecological diesel fuel comprising 35 to 55 vol.% Of unsaturated and saturated acid methyl esters having a carbon number of 16 to 22, especially palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosanoic and erucic plant origin, 15 to 65 vol. parts of an aliphatic n-alkane of ten to twenty carbon atoms per molecule individually or a mixture thereof; and / or 1 to 65 parts by volume of an aliphatic 1-alkene of eight to eighteen carbon atoms per molecule individually or a mixture thereof. The term Individually or mixtures thereof 'means that said aliphatic n-alkanes and / or aliphatic n-alkanes and / or mixtures thereof. the aliphatic 1-alkenes can be used individually or as mixtures. Mixed aliphatic n-alkanes as well as mixed aliphatic alkanes are among the commercially available products on the domestic and foreign markets.

Preferably, the organic fuel further comprises up to 30 percent by volume of a monohydric alcohol of four to six carbon atoms per molecule or any mixture thereof.

Preferably, the organic fuel further comprises up to 65% by volume of a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons boiling from 90% to 350 ° C, referred to as a medium distillate fraction of crude oil with a total sulfur content of no more than 0.010 weight percent.

By methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids of vegetable origin we mean a mixture of organic substances, which is produced by re-esterification of vegetable oils, especially rapeseed oil, which contains in addition to unsaturated fatty acids also saturated acids. This mixture exhibits a specific gravity of 850 to 890 kg / m ³ , a flash point of PM 120 to 170 ° C, a viscosity of 6 to 9 mPa * s at 20 ° C, a start of distillation according to ASTM D86 from 250 to 330 ° C, end of distillation from 350 to 370 ° C.

Ecological diesel fuel is created by simply mixing the components in any order. Homogenization of the mixture is achieved by hydrodynamic mixing of the individual components during dosing, optionally by mixing the resulting mixture. The resulting product is a homogeneous clear liquid of a yellowish to reddish color, the intensity of coloring depends on the content of the individual components in the mixture. The resulting product is unlimitedly miscible with conventional fuels for all types of diesel engines.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

For a more detailed explanation of the subject matter of the invention, the following table provides examples of embodiments of several model samples, the amounts of the individual components being given in parts by volume.

Name of the sample AND (B) C D 'E F G Composition of the mixture in volume percentages of individual components: Methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids of vegetable origin 35 40 35 35 55 35 35 A mixture of n-alkanes of aliphatic C ₈ -C ₂₀ 15 Dec 0 45 36 20 May 65 0 Mixture of aliphatic alkenes Cg - C _T g 1 30 20 May 14 5 0 65 Mixture of monohydric alcohols C ₄ - Ce 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Seedless middle distillation fraction of crude oil 49 30 0 15 Dec 20 May 0 0

The following table compares the qualitative parameters of conventional fuel for NM 22B ¹ diesel engines (CSN 65 6506, PND 82-005-87) with examples of design B, C and D (model samples) of ecological fuel:

Name of the sample NM22B (B) C D Specific gravity at 20 ° C kg / m ³ 805-835 833.6 805.1 811.1 Cetane index (lab) min. 42 55.7 60.4 60.3 Distillation test; 15 Dec 3 3 3 distilled to 170 ° C max. distilled to 350 ° C min. 90 99 99 99 Viscosity at 20 ° C mm ² / sec 2,5-6,0 4.13 3.2 3.42 Paraffin exclusion temperature ° C max. -16 -22 -16 Pour point ° C max. -22 -24 -28 -28 Flash point PM ¹ ° C min. 56 62 62 61 Sulfur content% by weight / fc- max. 0.15 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Water content% w / w < max. tracks tracks Tracks tracks Mechanical impurities content% by weight / V, max. 0.005 tracks tracks tracks Conradson.karbon.zbytek 10% zb. 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.01 % w / v, max. Acid number mg KOH / g max. 0.1 0.08 0.01 0.02 Calorific value ² kJ / kg 42 500 41 621 42 341 41 935

¹ Flash point min. 56 ° C ² Informative value

From the results of the analyzes it is clear that all (examples) model samples fully meet the prescribed quality requirements for diesel fuel, and in some parameters significantly exceeds the requirements for conventional diesel fuel NM 22B (ČSN 65 6506, PND 82-005- 87). These are mainly the values of sulfur content, cetane index, Conradson carbonization residue, but also the acid value and especially the freezing point. These properties predetermine the ecological fuel to a very wide range of industrial applications throughout the year under normal climatic conditions, ie in winter the ecological fuel is able to operate without further modifications to temperatures of about -25 ° C. In addition to improving the physicochemical properties of the fuel composition, the fuel composition of the invention provides an improvement in the emissions (CO, NO _x , soot) in the exhaust gas when operating motor vehicles in a conventional diesel operation.

Industrial applicability

Ecological fuel is primarily intended as a full-year replacement of diesel fuel, especially where the use of conventional diesel fuels threatens serious environmental damage, such as sanitary protection zones for drinking water resources, protected landscape areas and national parks, agricultural production, forestry, and under. Being a fully-fledged substitute for diesel fuel with significantly better flue gas composition, especially in terms of aromatic hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur oxides, it is possible to use diesel engines for public transport buses, especially in large conurbations and industrial centers.

Claims (3)

Patent claims 1. Organic fuel for diesel engines based on fatty acid methyl esters of vegetable origin, characterized in that it contains 35 to 55 parts by volume of methyl esters of unsaturated and saturated acids having a carbon number of 16 to 22, in particular palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosan and erucous plant origin 15 to 65 parts by volume of an aliphatic n-alkane of ten to twenty carbon atoms per molecule individually or a mixture thereof, and / or 1 to 65 parts by volume of an aliphatic 1-alkene of eight to eighteen carbon atoms in molecule individually or mixtures thereof. 2. The fuel as claimed in claim 1, further comprising up to 30 parts by volume of a monohydric alcohol having four to six carbon atoms per molecule or any mixture thereof. 3. The fuel as claimed in claim 1, wherein _x is further comprising up to 65 parts by volume of a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons boiling at 90 (% to 350 ° C), referred to as a medium distillate fraction of crude oil with a total sulfur content of at most 0.010 weight percent.