CN85104841B - tanker - Google Patents

Abstract

A double-bottom tanker is provided with ballast tanks and bulkheads (17) separating the tanks (19), and at least one hollow barrel cargo loading and unloading channel (16) extending vertically downward from the deck of the tanker to the double-bottom tank of the tanker and communicating with at least two adjacent tanks and ballast tanks. A pump device is arranged in the cylindrical cargo loading and unloading channel (16). The lower end of the cylindrical cargo loading and unloading channel is communicated with the ballast tank of the double-layer bottom tank through a first group of valves. The lower end of the tubular cargo loading and unloading channel is also in communication with the cargo hold (19) through a second set of valves. The pump device is connected with a branch pipe for loading and unloading goods on the deck of the oil tanker through a guide pipe.

Description

tanker

The invention relates to an oil tanker having a double bottom containing several ballast tanks and bulkheads dividing the cargo tanks.

There are two different types of ships transporting liquid cargo:

The first type of ship transports only one type of cargo. There are a small number of cargo handling pumps on board, these pumps are housed in a separate pump room and connected to suction pipes installed in the cargo hold.

The second type of ship can transport different types of goods at the same time. Instead of using the suction pipes of the first class ships, it has a cargo handling pump at the bottom of each cargo hold.

Both types of ships use longitudinal and transverse bulkheads to divide the ship's cargo space into a number of holds. The rest of the cargo handling equipment is located in different parts of the ship.

The disadvantage of the first class of ships is that they do not have flexibility. Such vessels are not capable of loading and unloading many types of liquid cargo. Usually the disadvantage of the second class of ships is low efficiency. In order to achieve the required flexibility, such ships must be equipped with many pumps and cargo handling equipment.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a tanker which can be used for different cargoes to simultaneously transport a plurality of different cargoes without requiring a lot of expensive pumps and cargo handling equipment.

The invention relates to an oil tanker having a double bottom containing several ballast tanks and bulkheads dividing the cargo tanks. There is at least one hollow cylindrical channel in the ship, which runs vertically from the deck of the ship to the double bottom, and encloses the pumping device, which is connected to the cargo handling pipe on the deck of the tanker through a conduit. The characteristic of this tanker is that the cylindrical channel is adjacent to at least two cargo tanks, and its lower end communicates with the ballast tank in the double bottom through the first set of valves, and communicates with the adjacent cargo tank through the second set of valves.

The first set of valves opens directly to the surrounding ballast tanks, while the second set of valves communicates with wells on the top plate of the double bottom that bound the cargo tanks. The ballast tanks are preferably in direct communication with the surrounding sea water via additional valve means.

The barrel channel has the advantage of accommodating separate pumping units for loading and unloading cargo and ballast separately. Therefore, the ballast handling pump can be connected to the surrounding sea water.

When the holds are delimited by longitudinal and transverse bulkheads, each tubular passage preferably serves two pairs of holds, communicating with the rear pair of holds through wells in the top plate of the double bottom, and passing through from the barrel along the double bottom. The gangway extending to the front two cargo bays communicates with the front twin cargo bays.

The barrel tunnel preferably also accommodates cargo heating means and a conduit with a number of branches to return the heated cargo to the original cargo hold. At least one dirty oil tank can also be accommodated in the cylindrical channel, which includes branched conduits for loading and unloading cleaning fluid.

In oil tankers with double side plating, the upper part of the cargo hold is preferably bounded by a double deck which accommodates additional ballast tanks. The barrel passage may contain a branch pipe connecting to an additional ballast tank in the double deck which in turn communicates with the ballast tank in the double bottom through a passage in the double side shell.

The barrel channel accommodates the pump and internal piping, preferably as a single unit, which is inserted through an opening in the deck of the tanker and connected to the double bottom.

In an oil tanker with multiple barrel passages and two bulkheads extending radially from each barrel passage to either side of the line, the bulkheads extending from adjacent barrel passages meet at the tanker's side chord , and is joined here by a vertical chamber that constitutes the fluid conduit. A third set of valves is installed at the lower end of the conduit, communicating with each cargo hold separated by the corresponding bulkhead.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal view, partly in section, of an oil tanker according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a top view of the main deck of an oil tanker.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a cylindrical channel according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view along line IV-IV in Fig. 3 .

Fig. 5 is a sectional view along line V-V in Fig. 3 .

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a cylindrical channel according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a sectional view along line VII-VII in Fig. 6 .

Fig. 8 is a sectional view along line VIII-VIII in Fig. 6 .

Figure 9 is a transverse sectional view of an oil tanker.

Figure 10 is a top view of the valve where the side slats are installed.

Fig. 11 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view corresponding to Fig. 1 showing the loading process of an oil tanker.

Figure 12 is a top view of the oil tanker loading process.

Figure 13 is a horizontal sectional view of the oil tanker loading process.

14 to 16 are respectively a longitudinal sectional schematic view, a top view, and a horizontal sectional view showing unloading of an oil tanker.

Fig. 17 is a partial view of the deck of an oil tanker according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 18 is a vertical sectional view of the lower part of a cylindrical channel of the oil tanker shown in Fig. 17.

Fig. 19 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the cylindrical channel of Fig. 17 along line XIX-XIX.

Fig. 20 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the cylindrical channel of Fig. 18 along line XX-XX.

Figure 1 shows the basic division of the cargo space 10 of an oil tanker. It is defined by double bottom 11, double deck 12, double deck side plate 13, front and rear transverse bulkheads 14,15. There are four cylindrical passages 16 in the cargo space 10, which are arranged along the centerline of the tanker and extend vertically from the bottom plate 11a of the tanker to the main deck 12a. Four cargo-dividing bulkheads 17 extend radially from each barrel tunnel 16 to the double side walls. At the junction of the bulkhead 17 and the side plate, a valve box 18 is provided with a corresponding dropper 18a.

In this embodiment of the invention, the cargo space 10 is divided into 13 individual cargo compartments 19 . Obviously, by adopting more radial, transverse and longitudinal bulkheads 17, the cargo space of the same size can be divided into more cargo compartments.

The enlarged two kinds of cylindrical channels 16 shown in Fig. 3 to Fig. 8 can be made into prefabricated parts, and are lowered into the oil tanker from an opening on the deck. Such cylindrical channels are then permanently attached to the deck and double bottom respectively by welding. The cylindrical passage 16 includes a casing 20, a flange 21, and an inlet and outlet 22. As shown in FIGS. Open to the surrounding ballast tanks 25, the second group of valves 26 are installed in the well 27, and open to the surrounding cargo tanks respectively.

The barrel channel 16 also houses a sump oil tank, a vertical lift shaft 29 with an elevator conveyor 30, a piping system 31, a heat exchanger 32 for heating liquid cargo, and access to the cargo hold 19 and the pressurized tank. Several manholes and doors 33 of the cargo compartment 25.

The cylindrical channel 16 shown in Figures 6 to 8 is suitable for separate loading and unloading of cargo and ballast. For this purpose, the lower part of the cylindrical channel is horizontally divided into two layers 16a and 16b. The ballast tanks 25 communicate with the lower tier 16a through a first set of valves 24 and the cargo tanks 19 communicate with the upper tier 16b through a second set of valves 26 . There are three pumps in the cylindrical passage 16, and the suction end of one 23a is arranged in the lower layer 16a, so it is only used for loading and unloading ballast water. The other two pumps 23b are located on either side of the vertical bulkhead in the upper deck 16b, separated diagonally. In this way, the above two pumps can handle completely different types of cargo without any risk of mutual contamination of the cargo. Ballast water can also be injected and withdrawn without dumping hazardous materials around. The cylindrical channel shown in Figures 6-8 is otherwise identical to the previous example.

Figures 9 and 10 show the valve box 18 mounted on the double side siding 13. Each valve box has three valves 34 which can communicate with one or three of the three adjacent cargo compartments 19 . The drip pipe 18a extends vertically downwards from the double deck piping of the tanker shown in Figures 12, 15 and 22 to the valve box 18. Individual risers 35 extend in the space between the double side shells 13 and connect the ballast tanks 25 a located in the double deck 12 with the ballast tanks in the double bottom 11 . These bottom ballast tanks 25 can be filled with seawater by opening sea valves 36 on either side of the tanker.

Since the pumps in the barrel channels communicate with the surrounding ballast tanks, no complex piping system is required in the double bottom.

Tankers fitted with the above-mentioned devices are of a standard design, with four modules of the same pattern in the cargo space 10 . The cylindrical channel located at the center of each module can be delivered as a prefabricated part that basically includes all the machinery and equipment required for loading, conveying and unloading liquid cargo.

Figures 11 to 13 represent an oil tanker loaded with cargo through hose connectors 37 on the deck, which can simultaneously load six different cargoes, and deliver the cargo to each cargo hold 19 through the piping system installed on the deck. The system is connected to each barrel channel 16 and valve box 18 by a number of branch pipes 38 and valves 39 so that each cargo hold 19 can be loaded and unloaded individually. Liquid cargo supplied via hose connection 37 flows through valve 39 and branch 38 to one of the six drip pipes 18a where the liquid cargo can then flow through valve box 18 to one or all of the three adjoining cargo tanks 19 . As can be seen in FIG. 13 , cargo hold 19 adjoining transverse bulkheads 14 and 15 receives cargo through adjoining cylindrical channel 16 .

Figures 14 to 16 show the tanker being unloaded. The cargo is pumped up to the hose connection 37 by the pump 23 housed in the cylindrical channel 16 . Open the valve 26 that communicates with each cargo compartment 19, can arbitrarily unload cargo from several cargo compartments or all cargo compartments needed.

Certain cargoes, such as crude oil, must be heated to keep them liquid during transit. To this end, the cargo is pumped through a heat exchanger 32 where it is heated and then flows back into the cargo compartment 19 via the drip line 18a and the valve box 18 connected thereto. The heat exchanger 32 can be heated by electricity or by steam in the engine room of the oil tanker.

After the cargo has been unloaded, it is usually required to wash the cargo holds 19, which is accomplished by pumping the liquid cargo through the cylindrical channels 16 into atomizing nozzles provided in each cargo hold 19. The cargo hold is then flushed with a cleaning solution (eg sea water). Finally, the water and crude oil mixture is separated in the sump tank in the cylindrical channel 16 by well-known methods.

Ballasting is achieved by opening sea valves 36 installed on both sides of the tanker, which connect the cylindrical channel 16 with the surrounding sea water. Ballast water is distributed to ballast tanks 25 in the double bottom and ballast tanks 25a in the double deck 12 through valves 24 and pumps 23 in the barrel channels as required.

The above-mentioned oil tankers can transport one or more types of goods, such as: crude oil, various types of petrochemical products or chemical products. Since the loading equipment and the unloading equipment of the oil tanker are separated, different cargo tanks 19 can be loaded and unloaded at the same time. After unloading, some other types of cargo can be loaded into the emptied hold.

While the tanker is loading, the ballast water can be drained through the cylindrical channel 16 to keep the tanker balanced in the water. The loading and unloading of ballast water can be carried out completely separately from the loading and unloading of cargo.

The slop tank is installed in the cylindrical channel, which makes the piping on the deck of the oil tanker shorter than that required on other ordinary oil tankers. In addition, the pump 23 in the barrel channel 16 is used to heat and circulate the cargo, to wash the cargo tank and to load and unballast the water, which also reduces the length of the required conduits. In addition, compared with ordinary oil tankers with the same number of cargo holds, this oil tanker can work with a much smaller number of pumps, and has the ability to load and unload several different types of cargo at the same time.

The cargo compartment 19 does not need any internal pipelines, so that the interior of the cargo compartment can be kept smooth, which is convenient for the cleaning of the cargo compartment, saving time and money.

The main parts of the equipment for handling cargo and ballast water are also easily accessible for maintenance and inspection in the barrel channel 16 when the cargo tank 19 is fully loaded. In addition, this centralization of the cargo handling unit greatly simplifies the design of the control system used to control the pumps and valves.

Figure 17 is a part of the deck of an oil tanker manufactured according to a somewhat modified design, the cross-section of the cylindrical channel 16a is rectangular, which is easier to fit on the frame of the oil tanker. The basic design of the hull is the same as the previous embodiment, adopting double bottoms and double side hulls. However, the cargo compartment 19 is divided by a longitudinal bulkhead 50 on the center line and a plurality of transverse bulkheads 51 perpendicular thereto.

In this design, each barrel channel 16a adjoins four cargo bays. When unloading, care is usually taken to tilt the ship so that oil can flow to the suction in the final stages of the unloading operation.

In this configuration, the cylindrical channel is located in a transverse pair of holds 19a and is directly connected to the pair of holds by the well 27 mentioned above. The forward pair of cargo compartments 19b are connected to the associated cylindrical passages via passages 52 which are preferably arranged below the roof 53 of the double bottom.

The size of the ballast tanks depends on the height of the double bottom. In this design, there is a ballast tank 25 on both sides of the central bulkhead 50, below the cargo tanks 19a and 19b.

In the lower part of the cylindrical passage 16a there is a ballast pump 23a which is connected to a seawater tank housed in the periphery of the cylindrical passage. The ballast pump also communicates with the adjacent ballast tank 25 via a short pipe 55 and a suction tank 56 . As mentioned above, there are only two ballast tanks below the four cargo tanks 19a, 19b loaded and unloaded by the cylindrical channel.

Above the ballast pump 23a, there are two cargo pumps 23b and connections 57 to the adjacent cargo tank 19a, where the well 27 is placed on the top plate of the double bottom. The channel 52 extends forwards into the cargo compartment 19b (not shown in Figures 18 to 20).

Here, many cross joints and valve arrangements are installed in a conventional way, which can achieve good versatility in cargo handling.

Standpipes 31 in the barrel channel are connected to cargo distribution pipes 38 on deck.

Figures 18 to 20 show only the lower part of the cylindrical channel. As in the previous embodiments, the main part of the loading and unloading lane contains heating means, sump tanks and branch pipe connections for various loading and unloading operations.

The present invention has been described in conjunction with a preferred embodiment herein, but, those skilled in the art obviously understands, can not depart from the determined spirit and scope in the appended claims and adopt those additions, modifications that are not specifically described herein , replacement and deletion.

Claims (12)

1. An oil tanker has a double bottom (11) containing several ballast tanks (25) and a bulkhead (17) demarcating the cargo hold (19). There is at least one hollow cylindrical channel (16) inside the ship, from which The deck (12) of the ship is vertically connected to the double bottom (11), and the pump device (23) in the channel is connected with the cargo loading and unloading pipe (38) on the deck (12) of the oil tanker through a pipeline (31), which is characterized in that , the channel (16) is adjacent to at least two cargo tanks (19), and its lower end communicates with the ballast tank (25) in the double bottom (11) through the first set of valves (24), and through the second set of valves (26) communicates with the adjacent cargo hold (19). 2. The oil tanker according to claim 1, characterized in that the first group of valves (24) are directly opened to the surrounding ballast tanks (25), while the second group of valves (26) are connected to the boundary of the cargo tank (19). The well (27) on the top plate of the double bottom is connected. 3. Oil tanker according to one of the preceding two claims, characterized in that the ballast tanks communicate directly with the surrounding sea water through additional valve means (36). 4. Oil tanker according to one of the preceding three claims, characterized in that the cylindrical channel contains separate pumps (23) for loading cargo and ballast respectively. 5. The oil tanker according to claim 4, characterized in that the ballast loading and unloading pump (23a) communicates with the surrounding seawater. 6. Oil tanker according to claim 4, the cargo tanks (19a, 19b) are bounded by longitudinal and transverse bulkheads (50, 51), characterized in that each cylindrical channel (16a) serves two pairs of cargo tanks, It communicates with the rear pair of holds (19a) through wells (27) in the top plate of the double bottom, and with the front pair of holds (19b) through passages (53) extending from the cylindrical channel along the double bottom to the front pair of holds (19b). The cargo compartment (19b) communicates. 7. The oil tanker according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that there are cargo heating devices (32) and pipelines (31) in the cylindrical channel (16), and the pipeline (31) includes many branch pipes (38) for heating The final cargo is sent back to the original cargo hold. 8. The oil tanker according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that there is at least one dirty oil tank (28) in the cylindrical channel (16), and the branch pipe (38) of the pipeline (31) is used for loading and unloading cargo tank cleaning liquid . 9. The oil tanker according to any one of the preceding claims, equipped with double-layer side panels (13), characterized in that the upper side of the cargo hold (19) is in contact with the double-layer deck (12), and the deck has additional pressure Water tank (25a). 10. Oil tanker according to claim 9, characterized in that the piping (31) in the cylindrical channel (16) includes a branch pipe (38) which can be connected with the additional ballast tank (25a) in the double deck connected, and the additional ballast tank communicates with the ballast tank (25) in the double bottom (11) through the channel (35) located in the double side shell (13). 11. The oil tanker according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cylindrical channel (16) is integrated with the pump (23) and the internal pipeline (31), and this integral body can pass through the tanker deck (12) The opening on the top is inserted until it meets the double bottom (11). 12. An oil tanker according to any one of the preceding claims, fitted with a plurality of cylindrical passages (16) and two bulkheads (17), the bulkheads extending radially from each cylindrical passage to both sides of the line , the bulkheads protruding from adjacent cylindrical passages meet on the side shell (13), which is characterized in that the bulkhead (17) intersecting on the shell (13) is perpendicular to one of the side shells (13) These chambers form a liquid conduit (18a), the lower end of which is equipped with a third set of valves (34), through which the valves communicate with the cargo tanks separated by the corresponding bulkheads.

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