CN2938146Y - Photonic crystal fiber with depressed index layer - Google Patents
Photonic crystal fiber with depressed index layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN2938146Y CN2938146Y CN 200620026030 CN200620026030U CN2938146Y CN 2938146 Y CN2938146 Y CN 2938146Y CN 200620026030 CN200620026030 CN 200620026030 CN 200620026030 U CN200620026030 U CN 200620026030U CN 2938146 Y CN2938146 Y CN 2938146Y
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- -1 rare earth ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a photonic crystal fiber, in particular to a photonic crystal fiber which can intercept long waves and contains a refractive-index depression layer. The utility model which can be used in fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers and optical filters, is composed of a fiber core, a refractive-index depression layer and a cladding layer, wherein, the refractive-index depression layer is arranged between the fiber core and the cladding layer; a plurality of holes arranged in sequence are provided inside the refractive-index depression layer and the cladding layer; the average effective refractive index of the refractive-index depression layer is controlled by the shape, size and distribution of the holes to make the refractive index of the depression layer lower than that of the fiber core and the cladding layer. Compared with the conventional fiber, the utility model is more flexible in design and easier and precise in controlling the refractive index. Moreover, devices made by the photonic crystal fiber can better satisfy the practical needs. The utility model which is characterized in great long-wave loss but small short-wave loss can be used as optical filters. By mixing rare earth ions into the fiber core, the low refractive index layer will make the emission light waves mixed with fibers drift towards the short waves, thus the utility model can be used to make special fiber-type active devices.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of photonic crystal fiber, particularly relates to long wave is had the photonic crystal fiber that contains the index dip layer by function, can be used for fiber laser, fiber amplifier, optical fiber filter.
Background technology
The appearance of notions such as the volatile development in the Internet, digital earth causes that data traffic increases severely, and the dilatation of optical fiber telecommunications system becomes popular research topic.Dilatation has many modes, and wherein the most direct a kind of mode is expanded communication bandwidth exactly, be about to communication bandwidth from C-band commonly used (1530～1565nm) expand to L-band (1565～1625nm), S-band (1460～1530nm) etc.The expansion of communication bandwidth must cause the demand of corresponding wave band optical device, and optical fiber source, fiber amplifier are wherein requisite active devices.At present, the manufacturing technology of erbium doped fiber laser, amplifier is very ripe, is widely used in the optical fiber telecommunications system.In fact the spontaneous emission spectrum of erbium ion can cover the S+C+L wave band, but strong absorption effect again makes Er-doped fiber a little less than the radiation very of S-band in the optical fiber, the Er-doped fiber that utilizes suitable length is than the fiber laser that is easier to make C-band or L-band, amplifier, and the erbium doped fiber laser of S-band, amplifier then must be realized by the special technique means.Though S-band fiber laser, amplifier also can be by mixing thulium or utilizing the Raman effect in the optical fiber to realize, but effect often is not very desirable, if can directly utilize Er-doped fiber realizes, then can use for reference and utilize in the C-band mature methods, means, device etc., save cost.
Reported a kind of method of utilizing Er-doped fiber directly to realize the S-band gain in recent years, its principal character is to mix fluorine to make a low-refraction covering around fiber core, form the index dip layer, this index dip layer outside is that refractive index is higher but still be lower than the covering of fibre core, claims that usually this kind optical fiber is W optical fiber.The width and the degree of depth by fluorine-ion-doped concentration and Region control depression make optical fiber have higher loss to the light of C-band, L-band, and keep the low loss characteristic to S-band light.The practicality of this gain fibre is proved, the S-band fiber laser, the amplifier that have many bibliographical informations to utilize this index dip Er-doped fiber to be made, successful realization S-band sharp penetrate and amplify (referring to M.A.Arbore et al.Optical Fiber Conference, Vancouver, Canada, 2003, Paper WK2.).But, the making of this optical fiber is difficulty relatively, because fluoride itself has corrosivity, the control ratio of fluorine-ion-doped concentration and doping scope is difficulty, if doping content is improper or doped region control is not strict, can influence the degree of depth and the width of the outer index dip layer of fibre core, and then influence optical fiber properties.
This W optical fiber technology also is used to (referring to United States Patent 6563995 Keaton et al.May 13,2003) in the optical fiber filter.By to the distribution shape of fibre core, recessed layer, covering and the suitable design of refractive index, make it have specific cutoff wavelength λ
c, wavelength is less than λ
cLight can pass through the optical fiber low-loss transmission, and wavelength is greater than λ
cLight have very big loss when in optical fiber, transmitting.Thereby this kind optical fiber can be used in the conduction short-wavelength light, and by long wavelength light, has specific filtering characteristic.
Summary of the invention
The utility model provides a kind of technical scheme with photonic crystal fiber of index dip layer at the weak point of existing W optical fiber:
This photonic crystal fiber with index dip layer is the concentric cylinder that is made of fibre core, recessed layer and covering; Fibre core is positioned at the center, and it is outer around recessed layer, recessed layer outer shroud lapping layer; Its characteristics are: fibre core is a solid, and its radius is between several microns～tens microns; Contain regularly arranged airport in recessed layer and the covering, the size in hole and spacing are all in sub-micron～micron dimension; The thickness of recessed layer and fibre core core are through in the same order of magnitude, and the thickness of covering is hundred microns or millimeter magnitude.
The beneficial effects of the utility model: photonic crystal fiber with index dip layer, the optical fiber of the similar functions made from conventional fiber is compared, design more flexible, the control of refractive index is by the design of the shape in hole, size, distribution situation is finished, unlike realizing by mixing in the conventional fiber, be subjected to materials limitations little, the control refractive index is more easy and accurate, utilizes the device that it makes thereby can better meet application request.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: photonic crystal fiber typical cross section synoptic diagram with index dip layer.
Fig. 2: photonic crystal fiber typical index distribution schematic diagram with index dip layer.
Fig. 3: embodiment synoptic diagram.
Among the figure: 1. fibre core 2. recessed layer 3. coverings 4. airport 5.11. isolator 6.8. binding sites 7. optical fiber 9. wave division multiplex couplers 10. semiconductor lasers
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment of the present utility model is described in further detail:
Photonic crystal fiber with index dip layer is the concentric cylinder that is made of fibre core, recessed layer and covering; Fibre core is positioned at the center, and it is outer around recessed layer, recessed layer outer shroud lapping layer; It is characterized in that: fibre core 1 is solid, and its radius is between several microns～tens microns; Contain regularly arranged airport 4 in recessed layer 2 and the covering 3, the size in hole and spacing are all in sub-micron～micron dimension; The thickness of recessed layer and fibre core core diameter are in the same order of magnitude, and the thickness of covering is hundred microns or millimeter magnitude.
Photonic crystal fiber with index dip layer, recessed layer span are less than the covering span, and perhaps the recessed layer dutycycle is lower than the covering dutycycle.
The xsect of fibre core, recessed layer, covering can be non-round symmetrical structures such as circular, square, ellipse or polygon; Airport in recessed layer, the covering can be circle, triangle, square, rhombus, quincunx, polygon; The arrangement mode of airport can be triangle, rhombus, polygon; The arrangement of airport can be uniform, local uniform or heterogeneous.
In the airport of recessed layer and covering, do not fill any material, perhaps all or selectively fill stress, strain, temperature, humidity, electric current, voltage, electromagnetic field and change gaseous state, liquid state or the crystalline state material that causes refractive index or stereomutation.
Core material is the ordinary optical dielectric material, or high non-linearity optical medium material, or mixes the optical medium material of the one or more combination in rare earth ion neodymium, ytterbium, erbium, thulium, the holmium.
Its technical essential is: it is a kind of photonic crystal fiber with index dip layer, it is made of fibre core, the index dip layer and the covering that contain airport, fibre core is positioned at the center, and the index dip layer is attached to outside the fibre core, and covering then is positioned at outside the index dip layer.The design of the shape by the hole, size, dutycycle, distribution makes the average effective refractive index of covering be lower than fiber core refractive index and is higher than the average effective refractive index of recessed layer.For example under the same holes interval, make the dutycycle of covering be higher than the dutycycle of recessed layer, or under same duty cycle, make the span of covering span, all can reach the effect that the recessed layer refractive index is lower than cladding index greater than recessed layer.The degree of depth of recessed layer, width are controlled by the distribution situation in hole, and the refractive index of covering and other physical parameters are also controlled by the distribution situation in hole, can design as required.This special design makes this optical fiber have big, the little characteristics of shortwave loss of long wave loss, can be used as optical filter.By the suitable design of the refractive index recessed layer degree of depth, width, geometric configuration, can make the cutoff wavelength λ of optical fiber
cBe positioned at the certain wavelengths place, wavelength is greater than λ
cLight wave when this optical fiber, have than lossy, and wavelength is less than λ
cLight wave have less consumption during by this optical fiber, reach the purpose of filtering with this.
Design, the manufacturing process of the design of this kind optical fiber, manufacturing process and normal optical photonic crystal fiber are similar, promptly earlier go out to satisfy the distribution situation that airport should have in the optical fiber of particular requirement, utilize methods such as storehouse, wire drawing to carry out the making of optical fiber again by optics computed in software such as limited element analysis technique or BeamPROP.Generally in covering and recessed layer, adopt airport evenly to distribute or accurate equally distributed arrangement mode, specifically rounded projections arranged, hexagonal array etc. can be arranged, the shape of airport can mainly change its average effective refractive index by the size of airport and the interval of airport for circle, rhombus, triangle etc.This has the photonic crystal fiber of index dip layer, the optical fiber of the similar functions made from conventional fiber is compared, design more flexible, to the control of low-index layer is that shape, size, the dutycycle by the hole, the design of distribution situation are finished, unlike realizing by mixing in the conventional fiber, thereby the design of this novel optical fiber, make and to be subjected to materials limitations little, the control refractive index is more easy and accurate, utilizes the device that it makes thereby can better meet application request.
Optical medium in fibre core, the covering can be but be not limited to glass material.In fibre core, mix rare earth ion, perhaps utilize highly-nonlinear material to make fibre core, the application of this optical fiber can be expanded to active device fields such as fiber laser, fiber amplifier, wideband light source.For example in fibre core, mix erbium ion,, can suitably drift about by controlled doping optical fiber emission light wave, make S-band Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and laser instrument with this to the shortwave end by the degree of depth of refractive index recessed layer and the suitable design of width.The lower surrounding layer of the other one deck refractive index of design is used to limit the transmission of pump light outside covering, makes the photonic crystal fiber that has index dip layer and double clad structure simultaneously, can be used for making the high-power fiber active device.
This photonic crystal fiber with index dip layer is applied certain stress, can in certain scope, suitably regulate its filtering characteristic, can change its filtering spectral pattern, carry out side pressure and can make it have polarization dependence such as carrying out bending.In the hole of recessed layer or covering, fill some in order to change the material of refractive index, can change the degree of depth, the width of depression, also can change the index distribution of covering, and then change transmission, the filtering characteristic of optical fiber.By realizing adjustable filter spare to stress application or to the control of filler.These characteristics are used for Fibre Optical Sensor can realize measurement to many physical quantitys, for example concentration of pressure, displacement, gas or liquid etc.
When design optical fiber, recessed layer can also be designed to the stepped ramp type index distribution, as document C.Kakkar et al, Journal of Lightwave technology, 23 (11): 3444-3453, described in 2005, such project organization makes the cut-off characteristics of optical fiber more precipitous, and promptly filter effect is better.
The innermost layer is a fibre core 1, outwards is followed successively by index dip layer 2 and covering 3.Contain airport (shown in the figure orbicular spot) in recessed layer and the covering, reasonably design, can control accurately the index distribution of recessed layer and covering by shape, size and distribution situation etc. to the hole by certain regular distribution.Generally in covering and recessed layer, adopt airport evenly to distribute or accurate equally distributed arrangement mode, specifically rounded projections arranged, hexagonal array etc. can be arranged.The main principle of design is that the average effective refractive index of covering is lower than fiber core refractive index and is higher than the average effective refractive index of recessed layer, two kinds of typical implementations specifically can be arranged: make under at interval the dutycycle of covering be higher than the dutycycle of recessed layer in same holes, or under same duty cycle, make the span of covering span greater than recessed layer, what this accompanying drawing adopted is preceding a kind of mode.
Fig. 2 has the photonic crystal fiber typical index distribution schematic diagram of index dip layer.Each layer refractive index size satisfies: fiber core refractive index (n
0)＞cladding index (n
2)＞recessed layer refractive index (n
1).r
1, r
2The radius of representing fibre core and index dip layer respectively.And n
0, n
1, n
2, r
1, r
2Concrete size determine by actual needs.
Embodiment
Fig. 3 is an embodiment, makes up S-band fiber amplifier structural representation with the photonic crystal fiber with index dip layer.Isolator 5, the er-doped photonic crystal fiber 7 with index dip layer, wave division multiplex coupler 9, semiconductor laser 10 and isolator 11 constitute the S-band fiber amplifier.Semiconductor laser 10 carries out pumping by the er-doped photonic crystal fiber 7 that 9 pairs of wave division multiplex couplers have the index dip layer, higher energy level is arrived in the erbium ion pumping in the fibre core, thereby can amplify input signal.And the existence of index dip layer makes the radiation mode of C-band and L-band all let out in the er-doped photonic crystal fiber, can not obtain amplifying, but the radiation of S-band but can be amplified gradually.During use, the S-band signal is imported from input end, through behind the isolator 5, the er-doped photonic crystal fiber with index dip layer 7 that is in the population inversion state amplifies, signal after the amplification is exported from output terminal through wave division multiplex coupler 9 and isolator 11, finishes the amplification process to the S-band signal thus.When practical application, can also reach best amplification effect by the er-doped photonic crystal fiber 7 with index dip layer is carried out suitable bending to change its gain spectral profile.Among figure 6 and 8 expressions have the er-doped photonic crystal fiber of index dip layer and the binding site of passive device isolator 5 and wave division multiplex coupler 9, adopt splicing or welding mode.
Claims (4)
1. photonic crystal fiber with index dip layer, this optical fiber is the concentric cylinder that is made of fibre core, recessed layer and covering; Fibre core is positioned at the center, and it is outer around recessed layer, recessed layer outer shroud lapping layer; It is characterized in that: fibre core (1) is a solid, and its radius is between several microns～tens microns; Contain regularly arranged airport (4) in recessed layer (2) and the covering (3), the size in hole and spacing are all in sub-micron～micron dimension; The thickness of recessed layer and fibre core core diameter are in the same order of magnitude, and the thickness of covering is hundred microns or millimeter magnitude.
2. the photonic crystal fiber with index dip layer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the recessed layer span is less than the covering span, and perhaps the recessed layer dutycycle is lower than the covering dutycycle.
3. the photonic crystal fiber with index dip layer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the xsect of fibre core, recessed layer, covering is circular, square, ellipse or the non-round symmetrical structure of polygon; Airport in recessed layer, the covering is circle, triangle, square, rhombus, quincunx, polygon; The arrangement mode of airport is triangle, rhombus, polygon; The arrangement of airport is uniform, local uniform or heterogeneous.
4. the photonic crystal fiber with index dip layer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the airport of recessed layer and covering, do not fill any material, perhaps all or selectively fill stress, strain, temperature, humidity, electric current, voltage, electromagnetic field and change gaseous state, liquid state or the crystalline state material that causes refractive index or stereomutation.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200620026030 CN2938146Y (en) | 2006-05-12 | 2006-05-12 | Photonic crystal fiber with depressed index layer |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200620026030 CN2938146Y (en) | 2006-05-12 | 2006-05-12 | Photonic crystal fiber with depressed index layer |
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| CN2938146Y true CN2938146Y (en) | 2007-08-22 |
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| CN102193138A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2011-09-21 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Photonic crystal fiber filled with refractive-index magnetic sensitive material, and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102323640A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-01-18 | 中国计量学院 | A bend-resistant single-mode photonic crystal fiber |
| CN103901531A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-07-02 | 深圳大学 | Photonic crystal fiber compact type tunable band-pass filter and manufacturing method of photonic crystal fiber compact type tunable band-pass filter |
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| CN102323640A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-01-18 | 中国计量学院 | A bend-resistant single-mode photonic crystal fiber |
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| CN109738373A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-05-10 | 北京信息科技大学 | pH sensor based on photonic crystal fiber and its fabrication method |
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| CN110187432A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-30 | 上海大学 | A kind of preparation method and device of active microcrystalline optical fiber |
| CN111175886B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2023-03-31 | 武汉安扬激光技术股份有限公司 | Optical fiber device capable of filtering long wavelength |
| CN111175886A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-19 | 武汉安扬激光技术有限责任公司 | Optical fiber device capable of filtering long wavelength |
| CN114675368A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-06-28 | 闽江学院 | Photonic crystal fiber and preparation method thereof |
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