CN2412018Y

CN2412018Y - Enclosed zinc-smelting furnace

Info

Publication number: CN2412018Y
Application number: CN99232376U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赖成章
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1999-08-18
Filing date: 1999-08-18
Publication date: 2000-12-27
Anticipated expiration: 2009-08-18
Also published as: WO2001012866A1; AU6681300A

Abstract

The utility model relates to an enclosed zinc-smelting furnace, comprising a blast furnace, an arc furnace, a zinc smoke passage, an inverse water condenser, a zinc collecting pool, a temperature regulating electric furnace of the zinc collecting pool, a cadmium collecting pool, a small water condenser, a smoke dust processor, an exhaust fan, a smoke exhaust tube, and a valve of the smoke exhaust tube, wherein, the arc furnace is arranged on the blast furnace, and other parts are positioned and connected in sequence at a middle up side at the outside of an electric arc furnace shell. The blast furnace is used for smeltering and reducing a plurality of metals. The arc furnace is used for decomposing carbon dioxide in gas which flows out the furnace to carbon monoxide. The enclosed zinc-smelting furnace can be used for smeltering work lead, fine zinc, cadmium, etc. one time.

Description

Closed zinc smelting furnace

The utility model relates to a sealed zinc smelting furnace for smelting zinc and lead by a pyrometallurgical method, in particular to a sealed zinc smelting furnace for smelting crude lead by a pyrometallurgical method, which can directly and once smelt refined zinc by roasted ore and can smelt crude lead.

At present, the known zinc smelting technology has a history for hundreds of years, and the zinc smelting method is divided into a pyrometallurgical zinc smelting method and a wet zincification zinc smelting method. The pyrometallurgical zinc smelting is divided into the following steps according to different main equipment: flattank zinc smelting, vertical tank zinc smelting, blast furnace zinc smelting, electric furnace zinc smelting and the like. The blast furnace zinc smelting technology is advanced in the current world of the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting types, has high smelting speed and high yield, and is based on technical data provided by the institute of mining and metallurgy in the south of the China, the institute of nonferrous metallurgy in Changsha, the institute of nonferrous metallurgy in Beijing, the institute of information standards of the department of metallurgy industry, and the like. Issued by the metallurgical industry publishers as follows:

the blast furnace smelting zinc is actually the blast furnace smelting lead-zinc sinter, and zinc and lead are obtained simultaneously. It is a new achievement of the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting technology. Since the trial production in the Argwos plant of the UK in 1950, such blast furnaces have now appeared in many countries and regions. The area of the largest furnace tuyere area reaches 28 square meters, and the annual zinc production reaches 12 ten thousand tons.

The blast furnace zinc smelting mainly comprises three processes of sintering roasting, sinter block reduction smelting and zinc vapor condensation.

1. The sintering roasting mainly converts zinc sulfide and lead sulfide into zinc oxide and lead oxide, and sinters the zinc oxide and lead oxide into blocks to be suitable for blast furnace smelting. Sintering was carried out on a strand sinter machine (as with a lead smelting sinter machine).

2. The connection of the equipment for smelting zinc by the blast furnace is shown in the attached figure 4. The blast furnace used is similar to a conventional lead smelting blast furnace. But the top of the furnace is sealed and is therefore commonly referred to as a closed blast furnace. To prevent air leakage from the top of the furnace (whichwould reoxidize the zinc vapour), the charging device uses a double bell charger similar to that used in iron making blast furnaces.

As in the case of zinc vertical retort, the charge materials to be charged must be preheated, and the sintered cake and coke preheated to above 700 ℃ are charged into the furnace and then reduced in the high temperature zone of the furnace to form zinc oxide and lead oxide. The lead has high boiling point (1525 ℃), the reduced lead is converted into liquid lead, the reduced zinc is mixed with furnace gas in the form of steam, and the mixture enters a condenser from the upper part of the furnace to be condensed into liquid metal zinc. Liquid lead is deposited at the bottom of the furnace (hearth) and slag is also accumulated to the bottom of the furnace, both the lead bullion and the slag being tapped periodically. In order to obtain a sufficiently high temperature in the furnace, the blown air is preheated to above 700 ℃.

3. Condensation of zinc vapour furnace gases exiting the blast furnace generally contain not high (only about 6%) zinc vapour, up to more than 20% carbon monoxide and more than 10% carbon dioxide. Due to the high concentration of carbon dioxide, there is a risk that zinc vapour is oxidised to zinc oxide by carbon dioxide. In order to avoid such a bad situation, the following measures must be taken: (1) the temperature of the discharged gas is kept above 1000 ℃. Therefore, preheating air is also introduced into the upper part of the furnace, so that part of carbon monoxide in the furnace gas is combusted to improve the temperature of the furnace gas; (2) liquid lead is used to condense the zinc vapour. This condenses to liquid zinc and dissolves into the liquid lead. Discharging the lead liquid containing zinc from the condenser, cooling to 450 deg.C, separating out part of zinc dissolved in lead, and separating into two layers due to different specific gravity, the upper layer is zinc, discharging and casting into zinc ingot, and the lower layer is lead, pumping into the condenser with lead pump, and reusing. The adoption of the lead rain condenser is a key factor for promoting the expanded use of the blast furnace for zinc smelting.

The main advantages of zinc smelting in a closed blast furnace are that it can treat refractory lead-zinc sulfide ore or oxidized ore, and produce lead and zinc at the same time, and its output is large, thermal efficiency is high and investment per unit metal output is low. But things are always split in two. The blast furnace has the following problems: the operating conditions are strict; sintering blocks, and coke must be preheated; the lead content in the sintered cake cannot be too high and the zinc produced must be further refined.

The utility model aims to design a novel pyrometallurgical closed zinc smelting furnace, which is used for overcoming the difficult problems existing in the prior pyrometallurgical zinc smelting technology: the raw materials need to be sintered into blocks, coke, air and the like, and the raw materials need to be preheated to above 700 ℃ before entering a furnace for smelting, liquid lead rain is also used as condensate and the like, and the smelted zinc is also crude zinc and needs to be sent to a refinery for refining. The closed zinc smelting furnace makes great innovation in the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting technology and the process flow layer: the raw materials used by the furnace do not need sinter lumps, all the materials are smelted in the furnace at normal temperature, liquid lead is not used as a condensate, water is used as an indirect condensate, and in the technical field of pyrometallurgical zinc smelting, a closed zinc smelting furnace for smelting refined zinc and crude lead from ores at one time is created.

The utility model discloses a closed zinc smelting furnace wherein, including the blast furnace,still include electric arc furnace, cigarette zinc access, inversion type water condenser, long zinc pond adjusts the temperature electric furnace, long cadmium pond, little water condenser, smoke and dust treater, air exhauster, exhaust pipe and exhaust pipe valve, wherein the electric arc furnace sets up on the blast drum, and communicate with blast furnace chamber through the play stove gas pocket of its stove bottom; one end of the smoke zinc passage opening is connected with the furnace shell of the electric arc furnace in a positioning way, and the other end of the smoke zinc passage opening is communicated with an inverted water condenser arranged below the smoke zinc passage opening; the zinc accumulation pool is arranged below the inverted water condenser and is connected with the inverted water condenser in a positioning way; the temperature-adjusting electric furnace of the zinc accumulation pool is arranged at the bottom of the zinc accumulation pool; the small water condenser is connected with the zinc accumulation pool through a flue pipe; the cadmium accumulation pool is arranged below the small water condenser; the smoke dust processor is communicated with the upper end of the small water condenser; the exhaust fan is connected with the top of the smoke dust processor; the smoke exhaust pipe is connected with the air outlet of the exhaust fan through a smoke exhaust pipe valve.

The utility model discloses a closed zinc smelting furnace, wherein, the electric arc furnace has the stove outer covering and the bell that the steel sheet was made, the two are the location connection, and be equipped with charging hopper, hopper lid and hopper valve and carbon fill, lid and valve on the bell, the bell central authorities install a high temperature thermometer, have three electrode holes on the bell, graphite electrode is by the direct electric arc stove bottom of electrode hole, be equipped with airtight asbestos cord with bell hole contact department, be equipped with three plate electrode on every graphite electrode, be used for contacting with the electrode, the last cable conductor that has of plate electrode is connected with electric furnace transformer, the plate electrode still has the electrode water jacket, with inlet tube, outlet pipe and pond connection, electric furnace transformer is connected with the high-voltage control screen, the high-voltage control screen is connected with power and control operation panel with the cable, control operation panel is last high temperature display and a plurality of control switch, and be connected with power thermometer and control operation panel with, the electric furnace is also connected and controlled by a cable with an oil press, a blower, an exhaust fan, an electric air outlet valve, a water outlet valve and a smoke exhaust pipe valve, the oil press is contacted with an electrode steel sleeve to control the lifting of a graphite electrode, a refractory layer built by refractory bricks is arranged inside the electric furnace cover, a carbon brick clapboard is arranged in the electric furnace, a material warehouse is arranged between the carbon brick clapboard and an electric furnace shell, a discharge port is arranged below the material warehouse, a furnace bottom built by short-circuit carbon bricks is arranged below the material warehouse, an air hole of a middle furnace is communicated with the blast furnace cavity and is communicated with a smoke zinc passage port which is made of a steel plate at the middle upper part of the furnace shell and welded outside the furnace shell.

The closed zinc smelting furnace of the utility model is characterized in that the furnace chamber of the blast furnace is communicated with the furnace outlet air hole of the electric arc furnace, the outside of the blast furnace chamber is provided with a refractory brick layer, and the outside is provided with a blast furnace shell made of steel plates, and is connected with an electric arcfurnace shell, a hot air layer outside the blast furnace shell is made of steel plates and welded and is connected with the electric arc furnace in a positioning way, three air inlets are arranged above the hot air layer, a high temperature thermometer which is directly communicated with the blast furnace chamber is arranged at the middle upper part of the blast furnace, three blowers, air inlet and outlet pipes which are matched with the blowers, an electric air outlet pipe valve, a slag pool, three slag outlets and a copper-silver outlet are arranged at the lower part of the blast furnace according to the arc length of 120 degrees, the lower part of the slag pool is provided with a lead pool and three lead outlets, a furnace bottom built by refractory bricks is arranged below the lead pool, a furnace bottom shell made of steel plates is arranged outside the furnace bottom, and four steel furnace legs arranged on the foundation are arranged below the furnace bottom shell.

The utility model discloses a closed zinc smelting furnace wherein, the cigarette zinc passway is three, is connected with electric arc stove outer covering location with steel sheet welded forming, and it has the firebrick layer to be connected with inversion water condenser and communicate with each other, inversion water condenser is with steel sheet and steel pipe welding form the closed, has inlet tube, outlet pipe and outlet pipe electric valve outside it.

The utility model discloses a closed zinc smelting furnace wherein, long-pending zinc pond is three sets, is to form with heat-resistant steel welding preparation, and every set of long-pending zinc pond separates into two ponds, is the heat preservation outside every long-pending zinc pond, still installs a thermometer in every long-pending zinc pond, has the play zinc mouth that the height differed in the pond, goes out each one of plumbous zinc mouth.

The utility model discloses a closedzinc smelting furnace wherein, little water condenser forms with steel sheet and steel pipe welding to there are into, the outlet pipe, long-pending pond of separating is the steel sheet preparation.

The utility model discloses a closed zinc smelting furnace wherein, the smoke and dust treater is the drum type of making with steel sheet roll system, has the baffle layer in, is the dust outlet below it to can collect a small amount of zinc oxide.

The closed zinc smelting furnace of the utility model mainly comprises a blast furnace and an electric arc furnace in structure, which is the preferable example of the utility model, and the smelting furnace combined by the blast furnace and other types of furnaces in structure is regarded as the utility model.

The functions are as follows: the blast furnace functions are: oxygen blown into the furnace combusts with carbon in the raw materials to perform oxidation reaction to generate high temperature, and the temperature of ores and the like is forced to rise to 1300-1400 ℃. Reducing the oxidized metal in the ore to metal using carbon monoxide produced by carbon and carbon in the feedstock at elevated temperatures; high boiling point metal, such as lead and copper, flows into the furnace bottom in liquid state and is discharged periodically. The gas with boiling point lower than the reduction temperature flows into the electric furnace together with the furnace gas, such as zinc and cadmium.

The electric arc furnace has the main functions: the carbon of the graphite electrode and the carbon added into the furnace are discharged with the carbon in the graphite carbon brick under the action of an electric field to form high-temperature carbon, and the high-temperature carbon and the carbon dioxide in the furnace gas are decomposed and reacted to form carbon monoxide, so that the content of the carbon dioxide in the furnacegas is reduced to below 1 percent when the carbon dioxide is discharged from the electric arc furnace. The function of the zinc flue opening is to connect the electric arc furnace with the inverted water condenser and to convey the discharged gas into the condenser.

Function of the inverted water condenser: the flowing water is used as the condensate to indirectly cool the zinc vapor into liquid zinc which flows into the zinc accumulation pool.

The main functions of the zinc accumulation tank are as follows: the liquid zinc flowing into the pool is heated and kept at 800-830 ℃ for refining by using a temperature-adjusting electric furnace below the pool bottom, so that cadmium vapor is fully evaporated.

The small water condenser has the main functions as follows: cooling the gaseous cadmium into liquid cadmium, and flowing back to the cadmium accumulation pool to be discharged at regular time and collected.

The dust collector has the main functions: deposit dust in the furnace gas, reduce pollution, and collect and recycle a little zinc oxide for smelting again.

The exhaust fan, the smoke exhaust pipe and the smoke exhaust pipe valve have the main functions: controlling the discharge gas quantity of the closed zinc smelting furnace, and collecting and conveying carbon monoxide to be used as fuel of the roasted stone.

The working principle of the closed zinc smelting furnace is as follows: roasting ore in raw material, proportionally charging it with carbon in electric arc furnace, then feeding it into blast furnace bosh, and making it combust with oxygen and carbon blown into furnace by blast furnace to make oxidation reaction ( ) Releasing a great deal of heat energy, so that the temperature in the bosh of the blast furnace is as high as 1500-1600 ℃, theore, oxidized metal and the like in the raw materials are forced to rise to 1400-1500 ℃, and carbon dioxide is decomposed into carbon monoxide in the hot carbon layer (C: (C) (C)) ). At this time, ZnO and P in the ore_bO、CuO、C_dO and the like are subjected to reduction reaction with carbon and carbon monoxide at high temperature ( )( ) … …, etc. The energy required is provided by carbon. Lead, copper, silver and the like with boiling points higher than the reduction temperature are in liquid state, flow into the furnace bottom under the action of gravity and are discharged periodically, zinc with boiling points lower than the reduction temperature and the zinc with boiling points lower than the reduction temperature are in gas state (the boiling points are 918 ℃ and 768.3 ℃ respectively), and flow into the electric arc furnace through a furnace outlet. The graphite electrode, carbon in the raw materials and graphite bricks discharge arc in vector under the action of an electric field and generate extremely high temperature (2000-3000 ℃). At this time, the carbon dioxide discharged from the furnace and the high-temperature carbon are decomposed, and (C) is ) This is an endothermic reaction, with heat energy being provided by powerful electrical energy. Therefore, the carbon dioxide content of the furnace gas discharged from the electric arc furnace is lower than 1 percent, so that the discharged zinc vapor is ensured not to be oxidized again in the condensation process. The mixed furnace gas is pumped into an inverted condenser, cooled into liquid zinc, and then flows into a zinc accumulating pool for refining, the electric furnace at the bottom of the pool is heated and kept at 800-830 ℃, the steam is fully evaporated to the accumulating pool and collected, the process is simplified, and the purpose of refining refined zinc in the pyrometallurgical zinc refining technology is achieved.

The practical zinc smelting operation technology and the process flow of the closed zinc smelting furnace are as follows:

from the electric arc furnace, the electrode hole (phi 420) of the furnace cover is added with wood through the electric arc furnace to the blast furnace B to generate fire, after the fire is larger, a certain amount of coke is added, the blower 30 is started to blow a small amount of air and gradually increase the air quantity, after the flame of the coke is larger, the furnace is preheated to a certain degree, the coke is continuously added into the furnace, after 1/3 of the blast furnace chamber is arranged, the oil press 18 is started, three graphite electrodes 4 are placed into the electric arc furnace, and then raw materials are continuously added into the furnace through the hopper 9: the roasted ore is crushed into (30-50) specification and the coke is crushed into (60-80) specification, and the weight ratio of the roasted ore to the coke is 5: 4 the mixed raw materials are loaded into a hopper 9 and then are put into a blast furnace. The other two blowers 30 are started, and the amount of air is gradually increased. And simultaneously the exhaust fan 48 is started to exhaust the flue gas outwards, and the full charge can be known from the hopper 9 after a period of time. Then, a predetermined amount (40 or less) of coke is added to the hopper 51. The temperature in the blast furnace cavity is reflected to be continuously increased from the high temperature thermometer 47 at the middle upper part of the blast furnace B, when the temperature is increased to 1000 ℃, an electric arc furnace switch on the operation console 14 is started, the electrode 4 of the electric arc furnace starts to discharge arc and is gradually increased, meanwhile, the blast volume of the blower is relatively increased until the temperature is 1500 ℃ displayed on the high temperature thermometer 47 of the blast furnace, the blast volume is kept, the discharge volume of the electrode 4 in the electric arc furnace is relatively increased until the temperature is 1100-1200 ℃ displayed on the high temperature thermometer 47 of the electric arc furnace, and the discharge volume is kept. At this time, the closed zinc smelting furnace enters a normal operation state, and zinc and lead are discharged after a period of time.

During the continuous operation, the following method is adopted: (if the ore after the raw material roasting is powder, 20% of clay, 20% of carbon powder and 5% of water are stirred and then are beaten into pellets with phi 60 by a briquette machine, the pellets are dried and then enter a furnace for smelting), the raw material is loaded into a hopper 9, a hopper cover 10 is covered, a feeding valve 11 is opened, the raw material enters a material warehouse 20 of an electric arc furnace A, and the next material is added after the hopper valve 11 is closed, so that the raw material can be sealed with the outside. According to the charging procedure and the method, carbon is added to the carbon hopper for supplementing the carbon consumed in decomposing the carbon dioxide so as to reduce the loss of the graphite carbon brick. The raw material storage 20 has nine discharge ports 22, and the discharge ports 22 are kept at a certain height with the blast furnace chamber, so that the raw materials are reduced and settled downwards in the smelting process. The raw material in the silo 20 is continuously fed into the furnace under gravity. The electric arc furnace A generates high temperature during operation, the raw material can be automatically heated in the material warehouse 20, and the raw material enters the blast furnace B after being heated in the electric arc furnace A for the first time. Oxygen blown into the blast furnace chamber by the blower 30 is combusted with coke in the furnace to perform an oxidation reaction: ( And ) A large amount of heat energy is released. The temperature in the blast furnace B is as high as 1500-1600 ℃. The temperature of the ore can be raised continuously to 1400-1500 ℃ under the condition of forced heating. Carbon dioxide is decomposed into carbon monoxide again when it passes through the red hot carbon layer ( ) The zinc oxide and lead oxide in the ore can be quickly reduced into the original metal zinc and lead by carbon monoxide and carbon in the blast furnace belly. ( )、( )、( )、( ) At this time, the zinc metal is quickly in the form of zinc vapor and flies upward of the furnace. (since the boiling temperature of zinc is 918 ℃) metallic lead is liquid lead and flows by gravity into the lead bath 27 at the bottom of the furnace, but with very little lead volatilised as vapour to the top of the furnace. In the operation process of the closed zinc smelting furnace, air inlet of the blower 30 enters the hot air layer 7 of the furnace through the air inlet 8, is automatically heated and then is blown into the blast furnace B, so that the furnace temperature is improved, the carbon consumption is reduced, and the electrode of the electric arc furnace A discharges arc at the gas outlet of the blast furnace B. The graphite electrode 4 in the electric arc furnace and the graphite carbon brick ring 6 forming short circuit are under the action of an electric fieldCan generate electric arc, the electric arc releases high temperature of more than 2000-3000 ℃, then the carbon in the graphite electrode, the carbon added into the furnace and the carbon in the graphite carbon brick can generate decomposition reaction with carbon dioxide gas at high temperature ( ). Therefore, the content of carbon dioxide in the furnace gas discharged from the upper part of the electric furnace is less than 1 percent. This ensures that the zinc vapour is not oxidised during the condensation process. Under the action of forced exhaust fan 48, the zinc, cadmium and lead vapour in the furnace gas discharged from the upper portion of electric arc furnace A, and other gases and dust are continuously fed into zinc flue 23, and cooled by inverted condenser 33 formed from water jacket and others. The inverted water condenser controls the water yield of the condenser through a valve 52 of a water outlet pipe to reduce the temperature of the discharged gas to 790-810 ℃, zinc, lead steam and the like are cooled into liquid zinc, and lead flows into a zinc accumulating pool 37 for refining. The bottom tempering furnace 41 raises the liquid zinc to (800 ℃ -830 ℃ is monitored by the thermometer 38). And held. So that the cadmium vapor is fully evaporated into a small water condenser 44, cooled into liquid cadmium, and poured into a cadmium pool43, discharging and collecting the product at regular time. The working principle of the zinc accumulation tanks 37 which can be used alternately is that only one tank accumulates zinc, the other tank is replaced after being filled with 4/5 liquid zinc, and after a period of sedimentation, when the temperature is reduced to about 450 ℃, the liquid zinc and lead are discharged. The zinc outlet 39 of the zinc accumulation pool 37 and the lead and zinc outlet 40 have a certain height difference, so that the refined zinc liquid is discharged from the high holes by utilizing the difference of specific gravity of zinc and lead. (the zinc content is 99.9% -99.99%) and casting into refined zinc ingot to obtain the product. Lead is discharged from the low hole and a small amount of zinc is returned to the furnace and smelted again. Collected by the fume processor 46 and a small amount of zinc oxide 50, etc. is returned to the furnace for re-smelting. Copper and silver are discharged from a metal outlet 1. Lead in the furnace bottom lead pool 27 is discharged periodically and cast into a lead bullion. The slag is discharged periodically from the slag hole 26 of the slag bath 25 and is converted into fine slag by water-milling and sent to a cement plant.

The control principle of the closed zinc smelting furnace is as follows: the temperature heating of the arc furnace section is controlled by the control console 14 to control the voltage and the elevation of the electrodes to achieve the optimum temperature (1100-1200 c above the arc furnace) which ensures sufficient carbon dioxide decomposition to carbon monoxide. The temperature of the blast furnace part is controlled, the ratio of the blast air quantity blown into the blast furnace to the coke in the raw materials is controlled by controlling the number of the blowers 30 and the air outlet pipe valve, so that the temperature in the blast furnace is ensured to be 1500-1600 ℃, and the zinc oxide and the lead oxide can be ensured to be fully reduced into the metallic zinc and the metallic lead. Forced draft system is controlled by controlling the exhaust of the exhaust blower 48 and exhaust valve 54 to optimize the carbon monoxide content above the arc furnace and the optimal amount of zinc vapor in the inverted condenser 33. The water output of the inverted water condenser 33 is controlled to ensure adequate cooling of the zinc vapor to liquid zinc. The temperature of the temperature-adjusting electric furnace 41 is controlled to ensure that the cadmium vapor in the zinc accumulating tank 37 is fully evaporated to the small condenser 44, cooled into liquid cadmium, poured into the cadmium accumulating tank 43 and discharged periodically.

The scientific principle that the closed zinc smelting furnace can be built is as follows:

the electric arc furnace is organically combined with a closed zinc smelting furnace under an upper blast furnace, and the furnace gas discharged from the blast furnace is reducing flame with the temperature of about 1000 ℃ in the smelting process, and is contacted with graphite carbon bricks at air holes when flowing into the air inlet of the electric arc furnace, because the graphite carbon bricks are very high-temperature resistant and are not easy to decompose in the reducing flame atmosphere. The coke is taken out of the furnace and flows to the coke as the main component, and carbon dioxide in the discharged gas is quickly decomposed into carbon monoxide when the coke layer is hot red, because the coke which is hot red is porous, the contact area is increased. Then, when the graphite electrode is in arc discharge, a plurality of high-temperature free carbon atoms are formed, and carbon dioxide can be decomposed; thus, the content of carbon dioxide in the furnace gas is almost zero. Since the zinc oxide is reduced to gaseous zinc and the vapor is rapidly oxidized to zinc oxide in the process of being condensed to liquid, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, the vapor must be condensed under the condition of no oxygen and carbon dioxide gas and almost zero. The closed zinc smelting furnace meets the scientific principles, and the designed novel smelting furnace, namely the closed zinc smelting furnace, is scientific and very reasonable.

Secondly, the zinc accumulation pool of the closed zinc smelting furnace is made of heat-resistant steel which can be used below 900 ℃. The impurities in the crude zinc produced by other zinc smelting furnaces mainly contain high cadmium content and lead. That is, cadmium and zinc have boiling points closeto each other (cadmium 768.3 ℃ C., zinc 918 ℃ C.) and are therefore difficult to separate. When the temperature of the furnace is raised to 800-830 ℃ during zinc refining, cadmium vapor can be fully separated out. And because a small amount of lead is evaporated at the temperature of over 600 ℃, when the liquid zinc in the zinc accumulation pool of the furnace is reduced to 450 ℃, the lead does not have the evaporation phenomenon, and the lead becomes liquid lead. The lead and the zinc have different specific gravity and have the layering characteristic, so the lead is easy to be separated out, and the refined zinc can be smelted at one time by using the closed zinc smelting furnace built by the scientific principle.

The electric arc furnace and the blast furnace are popularized in the existing equipment, the principle and the process technology are mature, and the technical scheme can be well realized by organically combining and applying the electric arc furnace on the upper part (with a hole at the bottom) and the blast furnace on the lower part (without a cap on the furnace) according to the technical scheme.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the background technology, the method has the following beneficial effects:

1. the closed zinc smelting furnace can achieve the result faster than the yield of the electric arc furnace, the flat tank furnace and the vertical tank furnace in the background art is lower. A plurality of: 35-45 tons of refined zinc and 6-10 tons of crude lead are produced in a small-sized closed zinc smelting furnace per day; fast: the smelting speed is high, namely, the roasted ore enters a furnace for smelting, and refined zinc ingots can be smelted within two hours or more.

2. Compared with the blast furnace zinc smelting in the background technology, the closed zinc smelting furnace can achieve the advantages of good performance and saving. Well: refined zinc with the zinc content of 99.9 to 99.99 percent is smelted by one-time performance of the closed zinc smelting furnace. Saving: when smelting in a closed zinc smelting furnace, the raw materials are not required to be sintered into blocks, ores, coke, air and the like, and are not required to be preheated to 700 ℃ for smelting, so that time and labor are saved. On the material saving, the recovery rates of the zinc and lead contents in the ore are respectively more than 96 percent and more than 98 percent.

3. Compared with the background technology, the closed zinc smelting furnace has simple and convenient operation conditions, namely raw materials enter the furnace at normal temperature without using a lead pump and lead liquid as a condensate, and the closed zinc smelting furnace combines national conditions to make the zinc smelting furnace more medium and small.

4. Compared with the background technology, the closed zinc smelting furnace utilizes electric energy and the zinc accumulating tank to smelt refined zinc at one time, changes the technical field of pyrometallurgical zinc smelting, cannot smelt refined zinc at one time, and saves time and energy compared with the background technology. In the background technology, crude zinc can only be smelted first and then sent to a refinery for refining after being cast into zinc ingots.

5. Carbon dioxide in furnace gas of the closed zinc smelting furnace is decomposed into carbon monoxide, so that the content of the carbon dioxide in the furnace gas is lower than 1%, and the zinc vapor is ensured not to be oxidized into zinc oxide again when being cooled. Compared with the furnace gas in the prior art, the content of carbon dioxide is reduced by more than 9 percent. And can collect the carbon monoxide in the furnace gas to be used as the fuel for roasting the ore.

6. Compared withthe prior art, the closed zinc smelting furnace has the advantages that the ore does not need a sintering system, and coke and air do not need to be explained in the attached drawings of the specification

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a closed zinc smelting furnace. FIG. 1 is a drawing of the abstract of the specification.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an electric arc furnace A of a type C furnace above the furnace lid.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of the arc furnace A in the C-type furnace, below the furnace cover, and the drum of the arc furnace A in the C-type furnace

Longitudinal section of the blast furnace B.

FIG. 4 is a data diagram of a D-document of an old type closed blast furnace. 1. 3 copper and silver outlets 26, 3 slag outlets 41, 6 plates 2 of a zinc accumulation pool temperature-adjusting electric furnace, 27 refractory brick layers, 1 lead pool 42, 3 peripheries of a zinc accumulation pool heat-insulating layer zinc pool, 3 sleeves of electrode steel sleeves 28, 3 lead outlets 43, 3 cadmium accumulation pools 4, 3 graphite electrodes 29, 4 furnace feet 44, 3 sleeves of small water condensers 5, a asbestos rope sealing part 30, 20KW 3 tables 45 of blowers, 6 parts of safe flue ports 3, 1 ring 31 of a furnace bottom of a ring furnace carbon brick layer A, 3 fan air inlet pipes 46, 3 sleeves 7 of smoke dust processors, 32 hot air layers, 3 air outlet pipes 47 of blowers, 2 high-temperature thermometers 8, 3 air inlets 33, 3 sleeves of inverted water condensers 48, 10KW 3 tables 9 of exhaust blowers, 3 hoppers 34, a plurality of water inlet pipes 49, 3 smoke exhaust pipes 10, 3 hopper covers 35, a plurality of water outlet pipes 50, zinc oxide 11, 3 hopper valves 36, a steel plate 51, a carbon hopper, a cover, 3 valve sleeves 12, an electric furnace transformer 1800KVA 1 table 37, 6 zincaccumulating tanks 52, 3 electric valves of the water outlet pipes 13, 1 surface of a high-voltage control screen 38, 6 thermometers 53, 3 electric air outlet pipe valves 14, 1 surface of a control operation table 39, 6 zinc outlets 54, 3 smoke exhaust pipe valves 15, 1 water pool 40, 6 lead zinc outlets 55, a plurality of steel pipe diameters 16, an electrode water jacket 3 sleeve 17, 9 closed zinc smelting furnaces of an electrode plate C18, 2.8KW 3 oil hydraulic press A blast furnace of an old type B electric arc furnace of an air furnace D19, a plurality of cables 20, 1 ring of round electric furnace of the material warehouse 4 of old type blast furnace D zinc smelting equipment configuration drawings 21, 35, 2, 3 and 4, The carbon brick partition plate circular electric furnace comprises 1 ring 22, 9 discharging units, 1 double-bell feeder, 2 hot air main pipe, 3 forehearth, 23 smoke zinc passage ports, 3 rotors, 5 rotors, 6 condensers, lead pump, 24 lead blast furnace chamber, 7 lead circular chute, 8 lead circular chute, 25 gas washing field, 1 slag pool heat system, lead-rain condensing system, reduction process, equipment and total engineering investment. The closed zinc smelting furnace changes the problems of heavy pollution and difficult smelting in the process of pyrometallurgical zinc smelting in the background art by using the fine roasted sand ore as a source material, has small discharge amount, and greatly contributes to environmental protection in the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting technology.

The best way to realize the closed zinc smelting furnace by using materials and equipment is to build the furnace.

The totally enclosed zinc smelting furnace C is an organically combined zinc smelting furnace with an electric arc furnace at the upper part, a hole at the bottom, a blast furnace at the lower part and no cap on the furnace. The periphery and top of the arc furnace and the periphery of the blast furnace are welded by steel plates 36, and the top arc furnace lid is sealed with graphite electrodes 4 by asbestos cords 5 and operated under strict supervision. Firebricks 2 are built under the electric furnace cover. The periphery of the blast furnace B is welded with a hot air layer 7 by a steel plate 36, three air inlets 8 are arranged above the hot air layer 7, and three charging hoppers 9 are formed by rolling up the steel plate (phi 500) and comprise charging covers 10 and hopper valves 11. The three hoppers and the electric furnace lid were connected by bolts, and the carbon hopper 51 was made of a steel pipe (Φ 300) as an inspection hole of the furnace. The steel pipe is welded on the electric furnace cover, and is provided with a carbon bucket cover and a carbon bucket valve which are directly communicated to the side of the electrode in the electric arc furnace. The electric arc furnace A is composed of a transformer 12, a high-voltage control screen 13, a cable 19, an operation control console 14, a water pool 15, three graphite electrodes 4, nine electric plates 17, three electrode water jackets 16, an electrode steel sleeve 3 and an oil press 18. The electric arc furnace A is internally provided with a material warehouse 20, a graphite carbon brick clapboard 21 and nine discharging ports 22. The three zinc flue openings 23 are welded by steel plates 36, refractory bricks 2 are built inside, and graphite carbon bricks 6 are used for building a circular masonry along the bottom of the electric arc furnace, wherein the circular masonry is composed of a furnace outlet (phi 600) at the upper end of a blast furnace B. The blast furnace B is a refractory layer made of refractory bricks 2 laid in a furnace chamber 24 (phi 800). The outside is a hot air layer 7, a slag pool 25 is arranged below the hot air layer, three slag holes 26 are alternately used, a lead pool 27 is arranged below the hot air layer, three copper and silver outlets 1, three lead outlets 28 and four steel furnace feet 29 are arranged in the middle of the hot air layer. The blast system consists of a blast blower 30, an air inlet pipe 31, an air outlet pipe 32 and an air outlet pipe valve 53, and is distributed around the lower part of the blast furnace B according to the radian of 120 degrees, and three sets of smoke exhaust systems and condenser systems consist of a smoke zinc gas port 23 and an inverted water condenser 33: the water jacket is formed by welding the steel plate 36 and the steel pipe 55. The device is composed of an outlet pipe 35, an inlet pipe 34 and an outlet pipe valve 52, and the square area of the steel pipe of the device is equal to the square area of the zinc flue opening 23. The six zinc accumulation tanks 37 are made of heat-resistant steel. Each pool can contain liquid zinc and lead at 0.8T. A temperature-adjusting electric furnace 41 is arranged below the zinc accumulation tank, and a wheel drum arranged at the lowest part of the zinc accumulation tank 37 can move back and forth, so that the zinc accumulation tank is convenient to use alternately. The periphery of the zinc accumulation pool 37 is provided with a heat preservation layer 42, a zinc outlet 39, a lead and zinc outlet 40 and a thermometer 38 are arranged outside the pool, three safe flue openings 45 are arranged, the structure of a small water condenser 44 is the same as that of an inverted water condenser, and the accumulation pool 43 is arranged. Three smoke dust processors 46, exhaust fans 48 and the like which are matched with the smoke dust processors, and three smoke exhaust pipes 49 and three smoke exhaust pipe valves 54 are arranged outside the smoke dust processors. And are distributed around the upper part of the electric arc furnace a over an arc length of 120 deg.. The top of the electric arc furnace a and the blast furnace B. A high temperature thermometer 47 is respectively arranged at the middle upper part. The exhaust fan 48, the smoke exhaust pipe 49 and the smoke exhaust pipe valve 54 convey carbon monoxide in the exhausted smoke out to be used as fuel for roasting the ore. The connection mode of each part of the furnace is welding or bolt connection. The appliance part switches and the thermometer display are mounted on the operation console 14. The materials and the equipment form a closed zinc smelting furnace. The whole furnace is communicated with the outside except the air inlet part of the air blowing system and the air outlet part of the flue system, and all parts of the whole furnace operate under a closed condition. The material conveying system and the starting system of the whole furnace, the ore roasting system and the raw material forming system, and the water supply and drainage system, the power supply system and the environment-friendly treatment system do not directly belong to the furnace. Therefore it is not here

The closed zinc smelting furnace is divided into three types of large, medium and small: the zinc yield of the large-scale smelting furnace is more than 4 ten thousand tons every year, and the zinc yield of the medium-scale smelting furnace is more than 2 ten thousand tons every year. The attached drawing of the specification is a small-sized smelting furnace drawing, and the annual zinc yield is more than 1 ten thousand tons.

The above are preferred examples of the present invention. A smelting furnace is built by using the principle of a closed zinc smelting furnace, metal is smelted and reduced by a blast furnace, discharged gas is conveyed into various furnaces, carbon is heated to high temperature by various energy sources to decompose carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide is reduced to a certain amount in the furnaces, and then the furnaces are cooled to obtain zinc and cadmium. The furnace is not only suitable for the size of the furnace volume, but also can be modified in various forms.

Claims

1. A sealed zinc smelting furnace comprising a blastfurnace, characterized in that: the device also comprises an electric arc furnace, a smoke zinc passage port (23), an inverted water condenser (33), a zinc accumulation pool (37), a zinc accumulation pool temperature-adjusting electric furnace (41), a cadmium accumulation pool (43), a small water condenser (44), a smoke dust processor (46), an exhaust fan (48), a smoke exhaust pipe (49) and a smoke exhaust pipe valve (54), wherein the electric arc furnace is arranged on the blast drum and is communicated with the blast furnace chamber (24) through a furnace outlet hole at the bottom of the electric arc furnace; one end of the smoke zinc passage port (23) is connected with the furnace shell of the electric arc furnace in a positioning way, and the other end is communicated with an inverted water condenser (33) arranged below the smoke zinc passage port; the zinc accumulation pool (37) is arranged below the inverted water condenser (33) and is connected with the inverted water condenser in a positioning way; the temperature-adjusting electric furnace (41) of the zinc accumulation pool is arranged at the bottom of the zinc accumulation pool (37); the small water condenser (44) is connected with the zinc accumulation pool (37) through a flue pipe; the cadmium accumulation pool (43) is arranged below the small water condenser (44); the smoke dust processor (46) is communicated with the upper end of the small water condenser (44); the exhaust fan (48) is connected with the top of the smoke processor (46); the smoke exhaust pipe (49) is connected with the air outlet of the exhaust fan (48) through a smoke exhaust pipe valve (54).

2. A sealed zinc smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electric arc furnace is provided with a furnace shell and a furnace cover which are made of steel plates (36) and are connected in a positioning way, a charging hopper (9), a hopper cover (10), a hopper valve (11), a carbon hopper, a cover and a valve (51) are arranged on the furnace cover, a high-temperature thermometer (47) is arranged in the center of the furnace cover, three electrode holes are arranged on the furnace cover, graphite electrodes (4) are communicated with the bottom of the electric arc furnace through the electrode holes, a closed asbestos rope is arranged at the contact part of the graphite electrodes (4) and is used for contacting with the electrodes, cables (5) arranged on the graphite electrodes (4) are connected with an electric furnace transformer (12), the electrode plates (17) are also provided with electrode water jackets (16) which are connected with a water pool (15) through a water inlet pipe (34) and a water outlet pipe (35), the electric furnace transformer (12) is connected with a high-voltage control screen (13), and the high-voltage control screen is connected with a, a high-temperature thermometer display and a plurality of control switches are arranged on the control operation platform, the control operation platform is connected with a power supply and the control operation platform (14) by a cable (19), the cable (19) is also connected with and controlled by an oil press (18), an air blower (30), an exhaust fan (48), an electric air outlet valve (53), a water outlet valve (52) and a smoke exhaust pipe valve (54), the oil press (18) is contacted with an electrode steel sleeve (3) to control the lifting of a graphite electrode, a fire-resistant layer (2) made of refractory bricks is arranged under an electric furnace cover, a carbon brick clapboard is arranged in the electric furnace, a material warehouse (20) is arranged between the carbon brick clapboard and the electric furnace shell, a discharge hole (22) is arranged below the material storehouse, a furnace bottom (6) built by short-circuit carbon bricks is arranged below the material storehouse, an air hole of the middle furnace is communicated with the blast furnace chamber, and is communicated with a smoke zinc passage port (23) which is made of a steel plate at the middle upper part of the furnace shell and welded outside the furnace shell.

3. A closed zinc smelting furnace as set forth in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the furnace chamber (24) of the blast furnace is communicated with the furnace outlet air hole of the electric arc furnace, a refractory brick layer (2) is arranged outside the blast furnace chamber, a blast furnace shell made of steel plates (36) is arranged outside the blast furnace chamber and connected with the electric arc furnace shell, a hot air layer (7) outside the blast furnace shell is made of steel plates (36) and welded and connected with the electric arc furnace in a positioning way, three air inlets (8) are arranged above the hot air layer (7), a high temperature thermometer (47) which is directly communicated with the blast furnace chamber is arranged at the middle upper part of the blast furnace, three air blowers (30) and air inlet and outlet pipes (31 and 32) and electric air outlet pipe valves (53) which are matched with the air blowers are arranged at the lower part of the blast furnace according to the arc length of 120 degrees, a slag bath (25), three slag outlets (26) and a copper-silver outlet (1) are arranged at the lower part of the slag bath, a lead bath (27) and three lead outlets (28) are built by refractory, the outside of the furnace bottom is a furnace bottom shell made of steel plates (36), and four steel furnace feet (29) arranged on the foundation are arranged below the furnace bottom shell.

4. A closed zinc smelting furnace as set forth in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the three smoke zinc passage openings (23) are formed by welding steel plates (36) and are connected with an electric arc furnace shell in a positioning way, refractory brick layers (2) are built in the smoke zinc passage openings and are communicated with an inverted water condenser (33), the inverted water condenser is in a closed type formed by welding the steel plates (36) and steel pipes (55), and a water inlet pipe (34), a water outlet pipe (35) and an electric water outlet pipe valve (52) are arranged outside the inverted water condenser.

5. A closed zinc smelting furnace as set forth in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the zinc accumulation tanks (37) are three sets and are formed by welding heat-resistant steel, each set of zinc accumulation tank is divided into two tanks, a heat insulation layer (42) is arranged outside each zinc accumulation tank, each zinc accumulation tank is also internally provided with a thermometer (38), and a zinc outlet (39) and a lead and zinc outlet (40) with different heights are arranged in each tank.

6. A closed zinc smelting furnace as set forth in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the small water condenser (44) is formed by welding a steel plate (36) and a steel pipe (55), and is provided with a water inlet pipe (34) and a water outlet pipe (35), and the accumulation pool (43) is made of the steel plate.

7. A closed zinc smelting furnace as set forth in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the smoke dust processor (46) is made of steel plates and is made into a cylinder shape, a partition plate layer is arranged in the smoke dust processor, a dust outlet is arranged below the smoke dust processor, and a small amount of zinc oxide (50) can be collected.

8. A closed furnace as defined in claim 1, further comprising: the structure mainly comprises a blast furnace and an electric arc furnace.