CN2458995Y - Immersion cooling type cold knife device capable of promoting quick temperature rise and melting of frozen tumor tissue - Google Patents

Abstract

A immersion-type cold knife device that can promote the rapid heating and melting of frozen tumor tissue, including a metal freezing head with a hollow structure, a heating element is fixed in it, a small gap is left between the heating element and the metal freezing head, and the metal freezing head and the metal freezing head The insulated handle is plugged and fixed, and a temperature detection device is installed at the top. When in use, the freezing head is placed in liquid nitrogen in advance, and after taking it out, it touches the tumor site. It can cause the temperature of the frozen tumor tissue around the metal freezing head to rise suddenly, thereby destroying the tumor. It has a simple structure and is easy to operate, and is suitable for use in various large, medium and small hospitals.

Description

Immersion-type cold knife device that can promote rapid heating and melting of frozen tumor tissue

The utility model relates to a soaking type cold knife device which can freeze tumor tissue and then quickly heat up and melt, which can prompt the frozen tumor tissue to quickly heat up and melt.

Low temperature biomedical technology is an interdisciplinary subject that has emerged and developed rapidly in recent years. With the deepening of research, its application in clinical practice has attracted widespread attention (Liu Jingang, edited by Liu Zuobin, Low Temperature Medicine, Beijing: People's Health Publishing House , 1993), has huge development potential and market prospects. The most important recent progress in low temperature biomedicine is reflected in surgery, which is a method that uses freezing to promote rapid cooling, freezing and rewarming of diseased tissues, thereby producing a series of irreversible damages and achieving the elimination of lesions (Liu Jing, Ultrasound and magnetic Low temperature surgery guided by resonance imaging, Journal of Instrumentation, Supplement in 2000), it can replace surgical resection, without suture, and has anesthesia and analgesia, hemostasis and reduction of bleeding, mild reaction, high safety, and can prevent tumor spread, etc. Advantages, cryosurgery has been widely used in many medical fields such as oral cavity, skin, rectum, urology, gynecology, tumor, neurosurgery and veterinary medicine, etc., for example, all skin tumors can be treated by freezing, and its five The annual cure rate is between 90-98%. In addition, some encouraging results have been reported in the treatment of tumors in some deep parts of the human body such as the lung, breast, prostate and brain. Important method for highly druggable bulky tumors. The U.S. Medical Finance Bureau even announced that since July 1, 1999, the low-temperature cryotherapy for prostate cancer will be included in the public reimbursement items of the national medical insurance. However, in spite of this, cryosurgery is still under development, mainly due to its difficulties in freezing and thawing control, and seeking ideal cryotherapy methods and establishing corresponding cryosurgical instruments are still the top priorities of cryosurgery , and its process will inevitably promote the rapid development of tumor cryotherapy.

Biological tissues are easily damaged by factors such as solution freezing, melting, and solution osmotic pressure changes during cooling and rewarming. Therefore, the use of low temperature to achieve medical purposes has actually existed for a long time. In the early days, ice packs were mainly used to treat skin tuberculosis, moles and precancerous lesions, or cotton balls dipped in liquid nitrogen to freeze the skin to treat skin warts, and the method of spraying refrigerant was also used to treat diseases. Later, a hand-held freezing device was designed, using liquid air Treats cancer, but these measures are less controllable. The real milestone work is that in 1961, American neurosurgeon I. Cooper and A.S. Lee collaborated to produce a cryosurgical device for destroying and treating benign and malignant tumors. The core is to deliver liquid nitrogen to the The head of the cold knife returns along the circulation channel, while the outer layer is a vacuum structure so that it has a good heat insulation effect. This structure can transmit the cold energy to the part to be treated while avoiding damage to healthy tissues along the way. Therefore, the structure of the cold knife has been used until now with little change, and has become the most important low-temperature cold knife device. At present, in terms of cooling, the general use is to use probes loaded with refrigerants such as liquid nitrogen, liquid helium, etc. to freeze from the body surface or deep. However, due to the existence of the vacuum structure, the manufacturing process is quite complicated, and the thermal insulation performance is actually difficult to guarantee, which inevitably causes low-temperature frostbite to healthy tissues along the process, and the cold knife needs to be evacuated regularly. Furthermore, due to the limitation of the size of the cold knife head, the cooling capacity provided by it is slightly lower, so multiple cold knives are often used. In addition, there is also a device for cryotherapy using Freon circulating refrigeration (Liu Jingang, editor-in-chief Liu Zuobin, Low Temperature Medicine, Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 1993, pp.294-309), this type of device does not consume refrigerant , as long as there is water and electricity, it can be used for refrigeration, but compared with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, the temperature achieved is not very low, and the mechanism is complicated and the manufacturing cost is high. Other cryosurgery methods such as semiconductor refrigeration and gas throttling refrigeration have relatively low cooling power, which affects the curative effect.

Generally speaking, most of the cryotherapy devices in the past mainly focused on a single freezing function. After the implementation of low temperature surgery, the general practice is to let the frozen tissue slowly and naturally melt, and go through several freeze-thaw cycles to ensure the curative effect. In fact, controlling the melting process of frozen tissue can achieve a very good therapeutic effect. For example, after the hands, auricles and other parts are frozen in cold winter, hot water cannot be used for rapid rewarming, otherwise it is easy to cause muscle damage. Melt damage is huge. Therefore, clinically, deep freezing of tumors followed by rapid heating and melting will destroy tumor tissues to the greatest extent. This innovation in the treatment method has not been broken through until recently. This is a brand-new tumor treatment method. This technology is embodied in the invention of the argon-helium knife (the argon-helium knife destroys liver cancer, Science Times, No. 38 , December 19, 2000; "Argon Helium Knife" treatment of liver cancer eyewitness, Jiefang Daily, March 4; "freezing to death" cancer is not a myth; Shenzhen Special Zone News, July 27, 2000), the device is considered to be The most advanced cryotherapy device in the world today, the cold knife contains two sets of pipelines for argon and helium. The function of the knife head to cause rapid cooling and heating, through continuous freezing and thawing of tumor lesions in all directions on the irregular malignant tumor, with minimal or no damage to the normal tissue around the tumor, to achieve non-invasive and no side effects . During the treatment, the argon-helium knife is directly inserted into the lesion, and an ice ball will be formed around the lesion, and then when the temperature is quickly raised to zero, the ice ball will expand and burst, thereby completely destroying the diseased cells. The fragments of cancer cells killed by argon-helium surgery are gradually absorbed by the body within 9 weeks, and the tumor area can be reduced by 80% to 90%. However, although the argon-helium knife can complete the rapid cooling and heating process, the form is relatively simple, and the complex heating program cannot be realized due to the limitation of the nature of helium itself. In addition, the disadvantage is that the structure of the argon-helium knife is very complicated, the manufacturing process requirements are quite high, and the price is very considerable. According to reports, the imported one is about 4 million yuan, which is unaffordable for many medical departments.

The purpose of the utility model is to overcome many defects in the above-mentioned device, and propose a soaking type cold knife device that can cool down tumor tissue and suddenly heat up to destroy tumor tissue, which can promote the rapid heating and melting of frozen tumor tissue. Simple, compact, easy to use, wide temperature range, low cost, suitable for use in large, medium and small hospitals.

Embodiments of the present utility model are as follows:

The immersion cold knife device provided by the utility model, which can promote the rapid temperature rise and melting of frozen tumor tissue, includes a metal freezing head 1 made of high thermal conductivity and high heat capacity material, and is characterized in that: the metal freezing head 1 has a hollow structure, a heating element 2 is fixed inside it, and a small gap 3 is left between the heating element 2 and the metal freezing head 1;

The utility model further includes a heat-insulating handle 6, and the lower end of the metal freezing head 1 is plugged and fixed with the heat-insulating handle 6;

The metal freezing head 1 is plugged and fixed through the connector 5 fixed at its lower end and the heat-insulating handle 6; the heat-insulating guiding bracket 13 can also be fixed on the outer wall of the metal freezing head 1 in the circumferential direction, and the heat-insulating conduit 14 is slidably fitted on the heat-insulating guiding bracket 13 ;

The top of the metal freezing head 1 is provided with a temperature detection device 7 for monitoring the temperature of the metal freezing head 1 and the touched tissue, and the temperature detection device 7 is a thermocouple temperature sensor or a resistance temperature sensor;

Add soft grease with high thermal conductivity into the small gap 3;

The heating element 2 is a resistance wire, and the heating voltage applied to the resistance wire is a controllable voltage for controlling and adjusting the heating rate of the metal freezing head 1;

The heating element 2 is a radio frequency antenna, and the heating voltage applied to the radio frequency antenna is a controllable voltage for controlling and adjusting the heating rate of the metal freezing head 1;

The connecting wire 8 of the temperature monitoring device 7 is connected to the data collector 9 .

The immersion-type cold knife device provided by the utility model, which can promote the rapid heating and melting of frozen tumor tissue, can conveniently change the rewarming rate of the tumor by controlling the internal heating power. It has a simple and compact structure, a wide temperature range, and low cost; when used, It only needs to change the heating power, and the melting process in the tumor tissue will change accordingly. The response speed is fast, the continuity is good, and complex cooling and heating procedures can be realized, so the operation is very simple, and it is suitable for large, medium and small hospitals use.

Further describe the utility model below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of another embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the heat insulating conduit 14 in the embodiment of Fig. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating element 2 used in a metal freezing head.

Among them: metal freezing head 1 heating element 2

Small Gap 3 Connector 5

    Insulated handle 6             Temperature monitoring device 7

    Connecting wire 8               Data acquisition instrument 9

Adiabatic guiding bracket 13 Adiabatic conduit 14

Insulation material 15

As can be seen from Figures 1 and 2, the immersion cold knife device provided by the utility model, which can promote the rapid temperature rise and melting of frozen tumor tissue, includes a metal freezing head 1 made of materials with high thermal conductivity and high heat capacity rate, which is characterized in that : The metal freezing head 1 has a hollow structure, and a heating element 2 is fixed inside it, leaving a small gap 3 between the heating element 2 and the metal freezing head 1; it can further include a heat-insulating handle 6, and the lower end of the metal freezing head 1 is in contact with the heat-insulating The handle 6 is plugged and fixed; in embodiment 1, the metal freezing head 1 is plugged and fixed with the heat-insulating handle 6 through the connector 5 fixed at its lower end; in embodiment 2, the outer wall of the metal freezing head 1 is fixed with a The guide bracket 13, the heat-insulated catheter 14 is slidably fitted on the heat-insulated guide bracket 13; the top of the metal cryo-head 1 is provided with a temperature detection device 7 for monitoring the temperature of the metal cryo-head 1 and the tissue touched; the temperature detection device 7 is a thermocouple; Add soft grease with high thermal conductivity into the small gap 3 left between the heating element 2 and the metal freezing head 1; the heating element 2 is a resistance wire, and the heating voltage applied to the resistance wire is used to control and adjust the metal freezing The controllable voltage of the heating rate of the head 1; the heating element 2 can also be a radio frequency antenna, and the heating voltage added to the radio frequency antenna is a controllable voltage for controlling and adjusting the heating rate of the metal freezing head 1; the connection of the temperature monitoring device 7 The wire 8 is connected to the data acquisition instrument 9 .

The diameter of the metal freezing head 1 is generally between 2mm-3cm, and the length can be in the range of 1-20cm. The utility model adopts contact cooling when treating tumors, that is, the metal freezing head 1 (also known as a cold knife) immersed in a low-temperature working fluid (such as liquid nitrogen or liquid helium) in advance is used to contact the tumor tissue to be treated, and the heat conduction method Rapidly cool down and freeze the touched parts; the degree of cooling depends on the heat capacity of the metal freezing head 1. Therefore, in order to achieve a better cooling effect, the metal freezing head 1 should choose a metal with high density, specific heat and thermal conductivity. Such as copper, in order to have better heat transfer with the tumor to be treated, and to ensure sufficient freezing effect, and to maintain a certain cooling time, a silver film can be plated on the surface of the metal freezing head 1 to avoid contact with the tissue. toxicity.

When carrying out tumor treatment, according to the size and depth of the part to be treated, select the appropriate metal cryo-head 1, immerse it in liquid nitrogen to cool down and store the cooling capacity, and when the nitrogen vapor in the liquid nitrogen bottle stops being discharged, explain The metal cryo-head 1 has reached the temperature of liquid nitrogen, take it out, insert it into the tumor site, wait for it to cool down to a certain level, turn on the voltage switch of the heating element 2 in the metal cryo-head 1, the heat will be generated rapidly in the metal cryo-head 1, and Spread to the outside, so that the frozen tumor tissue begins to rewarm and melt rapidly. The frozen metal head 1 can be made very small, which is a minimally invasive device (as shown in Figure 2); the metal frozen head 1 can also be made larger (as shown in Figure 1), and at this time the tumor to be treated will be exposed by surgical means parts, and then contact with the metal freezing head 1 to achieve the purpose of treatment. In order to facilitate the operation during the operation, the device is provided with a heat-insulating handle 6. The material of the handle is generally high-grade wood or heat-resistant plastic, etc., and there are jacks of different sizes in it. The metal freezing head 1 passes through the connector 5 (which can be non- A good conductor such as stainless steel) is plugged into the matching heat-insulating handle 6, and the clinician can hold the handle 6 and touch the metal freezing head 1 to the tumor site to be treated to implement the freezing-thawing treatment process. Due to the good heat insulation, the metal freezing head 1 The cold or heat will not be transferred to the doctor's hand, so the operation is safe.

For the thinner metal freezing head (which can be called the freezing probe) (Fig. 2), its different parts are fixed with adiabatic guide bracket 13 (made of plastic) along the circumference, in addition, it is also equipped with a cross section slightly larger than the freezing rod and The thin-walled heat-insulated catheter 14 (also made of plastic) of the bracket, when treating tumors, the heat-insulated catheter 14 is inserted into the tissue in advance, and the metal cryo-head 1 can be inserted along the heat-insulated catheter 14 until the tumor site, due to the limitation of the heat-insulated guide bracket 13 , the metal freezing head 1 is not in contact with the heat-insulating conduit 14, so the cold energy in it is not easily transmitted to the healthy tissues along the way, and this structure greatly improves the safety of use.

The metal freezing head 1 is a hollow structure, and a heating element 2 is arranged in it. The heating element 2 is wound by a resistance wire or used as a radio frequency antenna with a space heating function. Here, the resistance wire is used as an example to illustrate, and its structure is shown in the figure 2, by encapsulating it on the head of the metal cryo-head 1, the voltage of the heating element 2 can be changed according to the needs to realize different rewarming and melting processes, so as to better satisfy the treatment of tumors of different volumes. The metal freezing head 1 can be made into different sizes and shapes as required, but is generally cylindrical. Because the thermal conductivity of the copper block is very high, and the heating wire is close to the surface of the metal head, once the heating element is powered on, the heat will be quickly transferred to the frozen tissue through the metal head, the effect is very obvious, and the frozen tissue can be heated and melted in an instant.

Leave a small gap 3 between the heating element 2 and the metal freezing head, so as not to be damaged due to the expansion or contraction of the material between the metal freezing head 1 and the heating element 2 in the process of cooling down and heating up, but in order to increase the two The heat conduction between them, can add the soft grease of high thermal conductivity between this gap 3. The insulating material 15 coated on the periphery of the heating element 2 should be able to prevent electric leakage from causing damage to the human body. Therefore, insulating and flame-retardant materials are generally used, and the heating wire is made of Ni-Cr alloy and other materials. Such integrated heating elements 2 are easily available in the market. , just choose according to the required power. In addition, in order to further ensure safety, the heating voltage should generally be in the range of 1-36 volts, and the resistance of the heating element 2 can be selected between 1-100 ohms. Leakage will not cause harm to the human body. Furthermore, the use of the insulating material 15 further ensures the safety and reliability of the treatment device.

The temperature sensor 7 of the utility model is inlaid (or welded) at the front end of the freezing head 1 to measure the temperature of the metal freezing head 1 in real time so as to control the cooling and freezing or heating and melting process of the tumor. Here, a thermocouple is taken as an example for illustration, and a resistance temperature sensing element can also be used. Microholes are opened at the end of the metal freezing head 1 according to the calibration position, and its diameter is about 100 μm. At these microholes, the nodes of the temperature sensor 7 are welded and fixed on it to measure the temperature of this part, and the thermocouples The connecting wire 8 is led out along the hollow channel in the metal freezing head 1, and is connected to the signal input end of the data acquisition instrument 9, and the data acquisition instrument 9 is connected to the computer. In this way, the temperature signal collected at the end of the metal freezing head 1 is transmitted to the computer, and the programmed control program determines whether to change the heating voltage. According to the requirements of the tumor to be treated, the heating voltage can be adjusted to provide different amounts of output heat, so as to achieve different rewarming and melting programs.

From the above, the temperature sensor 7 adopted by the utility model is derived from a thermocouple, and its response speed is fast, and its precision is high, while the price tends to be low, and the production of the heating circuit, the metal freezing head 1, etc. is very easy, Data collection and processing are more convenient, no complex circuit, simple structure, easy temperature measurement and evaluation of cooling and heating status, wide range of rewarming rate. The device is suitable for treating tumors of different sizes and locations.

When implementing cancer treatment, different treatment options can be selected. For surface diseased tissue, the cryotherapy process can be completed by direct contact with a large volume or fine metal freezing head 1 , while deep lesions need to be incised with surgery, and then frozen by contacting the cold head. Such as: the patient's tumor site and area size can be determined by CT, and then the tumor tissue is exposed by surgery, the computer and data acquisition instrument 9 are turned on, and then a metal cryo-head 1 of a certain size is touched to the site to rapidly cool it down, and the temperature can be controlled by the computer at any time. Monitor the temperature information of the metal cryo-head 1, and when it reaches the predetermined temperature, quickly turn on the heating circuit to make the tumor tissue suddenly heat up and melt. Through this strong temperature change, the tumor tissue can be destroyed quite effectively. In this case, it can The volume of the metal freezing head 1 used can be very large, such as the device shown in Figure 1, so that the cooling effect and heating function provided are better, and the location of the tumor can be determined quite accurately, and more conveniently as needed. The cold head can be replaced once for continuous treatment, and multiple cold heads can be used at the same time; if the heating rate needs to be changed, it is only necessary to change the heating voltage. It is also possible to determine the patient's tumor site and the size of the area by CT, insert the micro-fine metal cryo-head 1 (as shown in Figure 2) from the body surface along the heat-insulating catheter 14 into the tumor site, and monitor the tumor according to the temperature information monitored by the data acquisition instrument 9 and the computer. The part is cooled and melted to complete the treatment purpose. In order to avoid the insertion of an excessively large metal cryotome 1 from damaging normal tissues, the volume of the cryotome should not be too large. What is used is a fine cold metal cryotome 1 as shown in Figure 2, but this will To limit the cooling effect, the time to maintain cooling is short, and the cold head needs to be replaced many times. This kind of operation needs to be guided by ultrasound or other medical equipment to accurately insert the cold knife into the site to be treated. It is difficult to operate and has a certain dependence on other instruments, but it can avoid large surgical procedures, so it is also the best one of the treatment options.

The general operation process of cooling is as follows:

1. Put the metal freezing head 1 into the liquid nitrogen bottle in advance, and when the discharge of nitrogen vapor in the liquid nitrogen bottle stops, it means that the metal freezing head 1 has reached the liquid nitrogen temperature, and then take it out and place it in the device.

2. Touch the metal freezing head 1 to the part to be treated for a period of time to ensure that the tumor tissue reaches a certain degree of freezing. At this time, the heating circuit is turned on, and the metal freezing head 1 suddenly heats up, driving the surrounding frozen tissue to rewarm and melt rapidly. This achieves the purpose of destroying tumors.

3. In order to ensure the quality of treatment, after a rapid cooling-melting cycle is completed, another metal freezing head 1 that has been cooled in advance can be replaced, and the above steps are repeated to complete another rapid cooling-thawing cycle, so repeated many times , can destroy tumor tissue to the greatest extent. For large tumors, multiple cold heads can also be used to perform the above-mentioned cooling-thawing treatment at the same time.

4. Of course, the above-mentioned process can also be done without opening the heating circuit in the metal cryo-head, and what is completed at this time is the conventional cryotherapy. The most important point of the utility model is that the ability to destroy tumor tissue is greatly improved through the melting process.

Claims (10)

1. A immersion cold knife device that can promote the rapid heating and melting of frozen tumor tissue, comprising a metal freezing head (1) made of materials with high thermal conductivity and high heat capacity rate, characterized in that: the metal freezing head (1) ) has a hollow structure, and a heating element (2) is fixed inside it, leaving a small gap (3) between the heating element (2) and the metal freezing head (1). 2. The immersion cold knife device capable of impelling frozen tumor tissue to rapidly heat up and melt according to claim 1, characterized in that: it further comprises a heat-insulating handle (6), the lower end of the metal freezing head (1) and the heat-insulating handle (6) ) is inserted and fixed. 3. The immersion-type cold knife device capable of prompting frozen tumor tissue to rapidly heat up and melt according to claim 2, characterized in that: the metal freezing tip (1) is connected to the heat-insulating handle ( 6) Insert and fix. 4. The immersion cold knife device capable of impelling frozen tumor tissue to rapidly heat up and melt according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the outer wall of the metal freezing head (1) is fixedly provided with adiabatic guiding support (13), and the adiabatic conduit ( 14) Sliding sleeve on the heat insulation guide bracket (13). 5. According to any one of claims 1-4, the immersion type cold knife device that can impel frozen tumor tissue to rapidly heat up and melt is characterized in that: the top of the metal freezing head (1) is provided with a metal freezing head for monitoring (1) and a temperature detection device (7) for touching tissue temperature. 6. The immersion-type cold knife device capable of rapidly heating and melting frozen tumor tissue according to claim 5, characterized in that: the temperature detection device (7) is a thermocouple temperature sensor or a resistance temperature sensor. 7. According to any one of claims 1-4, the immersion type cold knife device that can promote the rapid temperature rise and melting of frozen tumor tissue is characterized in that: a soft material with high thermal conductivity is added to the small gap (3). Sexual grease. 8. According to any one of claims 1-4, the immersion type cold knife device that can promote the rapid temperature rise and melting of frozen tumor tissue is characterized in that: the heating element (2) is a resistance wire, which is added to the The heating voltage on the resistance wire is a controllable voltage for controlling and adjusting the heating rate of the metal freezing head (1). 9. According to any one of claims 1-4, the immersion type cold knife device capable of impelling frozen tumor tissue to rapidly heat up and melt is characterized in that: the heating element (2) is a radio frequency antenna, which is added to the The heating voltage on the radio frequency antenna is a controllable voltage for controlling and adjusting the heating rate of the metal freezing head (1). 10. According to any one of claims 1-4, the immersion cold knife device that can promote the rapid temperature rise and melting of frozen tumor tissue is characterized in that: the connecting wire (8) of the temperature monitoring device (7) Connect the data logger (9).

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