Stability augmentation tailboard mechanism suitable for small and medium-sized ships
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ship design, and particularly relates to a stability augmentation tail plate mechanism suitable for small and medium-sized ships.
Background
When a small and medium-sized ship (generally with the length of less than 10 meters) sails on a water surface with stormy waves, the ship can be influenced by the waves to generate swinging in multiple freedom degrees, and when the ship encounters multiple continuous waves, the swinging is more serious. Such swaying can have an extremely adverse effect on equipment, cargo, personnel in the vessel and can affect the continued safety of the vessel. For example, the swaying in the longitudinal direction of the ship is one of the phenomena that is serious. To eliminate this adverse effect, various methods have been employed. Of these, the most common is to increase the length of the ship, and this method, although effective, increases the difficulty and cost of construction, and the application environment is limited. Or the stability of the ship is increased by arranging a horizontal airfoil surface at the bow, arranging a vertical plate extending downwards at the bottom of the ship, arranging a large-size horizontal balance plate at the bottom of the ship and the like, and the defects of the methods are that larger running resistance is generated or the anti-rolling effect is not obvious.
In the prior art, a mode of adding a horizontal tail plate at the tail of a ship is also proposed to increase stability, for example, patent document with publication number CN109911100A discloses a high-speed ship added with a tail wave pressing plate and a control method thereof, wherein the tail wave pressing plate is arranged close to the tail of the ship, has smaller backward extension distance, only deflects one-degree-of-freedom motion, has single regulation mode and limited stability increasing effect, and meanwhile, the plate surface cannot shrink to influence other operations of the tail of the ship. Patent document with publication number CN219770121U discloses a stability augmentation pleasure boat, wherein a fixed tail plate is adopted, the stability augmentation pleasure boat does not have the function of automatically adjusting along with the running speed and the wave condition, and the stability augmentation effect is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved are as follows:
In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a stability augmentation tail plate mechanism suitable for a middle-and-small-sized ship, which is characterized in that a telescopic bracket is arranged at the stern, an angle-adjustable water pressure plate is arranged at the end part of the telescopic bracket, and meanwhile, the telescopic bracket can be turned over under the action of a driving device, so that the distance and the angle of the water pressure plate extending out of the stern can be adjusted, the whole mechanism can be folded and recycled, and the problems that the tail plate cannot be freely adjusted and the stability augmentation effect is poor in the prior art are solved.
The invention has the technical scheme that the stability augmentation tail plate mechanism suitable for the middle and small ships comprises a telescopic frame, a first driving device, a water pressing plate, a second driving device and a third driving device;
One end of the expansion bracket is hinged to the middle position below the stern, and the other end of the expansion bracket is hinged to one end of the water pressing plate;
The second driving device is arranged on the expansion bracket, the power output end of the second driving device is connected with the other end of the water pressing plate, and the second driving device is used for driving the water pressing plate to rotate around a pin shaft hinged with the expansion bracket;
The third driving device is connected with the stern and the expansion bracket and is used for driving the expansion bracket to turn around a hinge shaft hinged with the stern.
The first driving device, the second driving device and the third driving device are all a group of hydraulic cylinders, and the three groups of hydraulic cylinders are all connected with a hydraulic station in the ship body and controlled by the hydraulic station to stretch.
The telescopic frame is of a frame structure and comprises two outer side beams and two inner side beams, wherein the two outer side beams are arranged in parallel, the number and the cross sections of the inner side beams are matched with those of the outer side beams, the two inner side beams are respectively embedded into the two outer side beams in a sliding mode, the first driving device is two first hydraulic cylinders which are respectively arranged in the two outer side beams, a cylinder body of each first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with the outer side beams, and the end portion of a cylinder rod of each first hydraulic cylinder is fixed with one end of the inner side beam.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that the external side beam is a square pipe or a groove-shaped pipe.
The telescopic frame further comprises a cross beam, wherein the cross beam is positioned between the two outer side beams and is vertically connected with the two outer side beams, so that the telescopic frame is reinforced.
The hydraulic plate is arranged between two inner side beams, and one end of each inner side beam, which is far away from a first hydraulic cylinder, is hinged with two sides of the outer end of the hydraulic plate.
The second driving device is two second hydraulic cylinders which are respectively arranged on the supports of the two outer side beams, the cylinder bodies of the second hydraulic cylinders are hinged with the top ends of the supports, and the cylinder rod ends of the two second hydraulic cylinders are respectively hinged with the two sides of the inner end of the water pressing plate.
The third driving device is two third hydraulic cylinders which are horizontally and symmetrically arranged at the stern and are positioned above the two mounting lug plates, protruding pins are arranged at the same positions on the outer sides of the two outer side beams, the end parts of cylinder bodies of the third hydraulic cylinders are hinged with the stern, and the end parts of cylinder rods of the third hydraulic cylinders are hinged with the protruding pins of the outer side beams on the side where the cylinder rod ends are located.
The hydraulic cylinder is characterized in that the first driving device, the second driving device and the third driving device are respectively provided with a pressure sensor and a stroke sensor, the pressure sensors are used for calculating the stress of the hydraulic cylinder, and the stroke sensors are used for acquiring the stroke position of the hydraulic cylinder and then solving the gesture of the mechanism; the pressure sensor and the travel sensor are both connected with a control system of the ship body, and transmit measurement data for the pressure sensor and the travel sensor.
Advantageous effects
The stability augmentation tail plate mechanism for the middle and small ships has the advantages that the stability augmentation tail plate mechanism is suitable for the middle and small ships, overturning of the telescopic frame is achieved through the two third hydraulic cylinders, the telescopic frame has a telescopic function, one end of the telescopic rod is hinged to the stern, the other end of the telescopic rod is hinged to the water pressing plate, and the angle of the water pressing plate is adjusted through the two second hydraulic cylinders. The stability-increasing tail board of the ship formed by the structure can effectively reduce the jolt of the ship in stormy waves and increase the longitudinal stability of the small and medium-sized ships. For example, a certain high-speed catamaran has a hull waterline length of 9m, the stability augmentation tail board horizontally extends for a distance of 5m, the wave resistance performance of the high-speed catamaran is equivalent to that of a ship with a waterline length of 14m, and the stability is extremely remarkable.
The hydraulic control device can adjust the backward extension distance of the water pressing plate through the telescopic function of the telescopic frame, can adjust the water receiving angle of the water pressing plate through controlling the overturning angle of the telescopic frame through the two third hydraulic cylinders, and can adjust the water pressing force of the water pressing plate through the two second hydraulic cylinders. The backward extending distance, the water receiving angle and the hydraulic power of the water pressing plate can be independently adjusted according to the motion state and the water surface wave state of the ship, and the stability of the ship is improved better.
The stability augmentation tail board mechanism can reduce tail waves and broken waves behind the ship and improve the flow state behind the ship, so that the running resistance of the ship is reduced, the water flow condition behind the ship can be improved, and the sailing resistance is reduced.
The stability augmentation tail board mechanism has the overturning and contracting functions, so that the stability augmentation tail board mechanism can be folded and contracted when not needed, and the operation of the stern is not hindered. Meanwhile, the stability augmentation tail plate mechanism can be used as an auxiliary mechanism for loading and unloading cargoes, and the cargoes can be pushed to a warehouse entry port at the stern by placing the cargoes on a water pressing plate, overturning the telescopic frame to a corresponding angle and contracting the telescopic frame.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view of an expanded state of the stability augmentation tail plate mechanism of the present invention mounted to the tail of a hull;
FIG. 2 is a view of the structure of the extended state of the stability augmentation tail plate mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view of the structure of the invention in a contracted state of the stability augmentation tail gate mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the stability augmentation tail plate mechanism of the present invention in an extended transition state (with the third hydraulic cylinder hidden);
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the invention showing the shrinkage process of the stability augmentation tail plate mechanism at different stages, wherein the state of the shrinkage preparation is shown in the diagram (a), the state of the expansion bracket lifted by a certain angle is shown in the diagram (b), the state of the expansion bracket further shrunk by a certain angle is shown in the diagram (c), and the state of the expansion bracket fully shrunk is shown in the diagram (d);
FIG. 6 is a comparative view of the hull traveling in stormy waves before and after the hull is equipped with the stability augmentation tail plate mechanism of the present invention, wherein the view (e) is the traveling state without the stability augmentation tail plate mechanism and the view (f) is the traveling state with the stability augmentation tail plate mechanism;
FIG. 7 is a comparative view of the hull falling process from the wave before and after the hull is equipped with the stability augmentation tail plate mechanism of the present invention, wherein the view (g) is the falling state without the stability augmentation tail plate mechanism, and the view (h) is the falling state with the stability augmentation tail plate mechanism;
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the stability augmentation tail gate mechanism of the present invention for loading and unloading cargo (the third hydraulic cylinder is hidden in the figure).
The ship comprises a ship body, a stabilizing tail plate mechanism, an outer side beam, a third hydraulic cylinder, an inner side beam, a second hydraulic cylinder, a water pressing plate, a first hydraulic cylinder, a cross beam, a mounting lug plate, a bracket, a boss pin and cargoes.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the stability augmentation tailboard mechanism 2 suitable for small and medium-sized ships is installed at the tail of a ship body 1, is suitable for small and medium-sized ships with short waterline, wide and flat rear end face, large height and enough space for arranging matched equipment, and is particularly suitable for small and high-speed catamarans. The method is mainly used for improving the wave resistance of the ship body 1, reducing the sailing resistance and finally improving the sailing stability and the running speed of the ship.
During running of the vessel, transversely extending waves are encountered, which results in a tilting of the hull 1 in the direction of the longitudinal axis, the cosine of the tilt angle being equal to the ratio of the wave height to the waterline length of the hull 1. I.e. the larger the wave height, the smaller the waterline length of the hull 1, the larger the resulting inclination angle. Since the waves are usually a plurality of waves which meet the hull 1 in sequence, the hull 1 is periodically jolt with negligence, and the inclination and jolt can have serious adverse effects on the hull structure, the ship-borne equipment, the loaded cargoes and the personnel on the ship, and serious phenomena such as deformation damage of the hull 1, shedding damage of the equipment and the cargoes, displacement collision, dizziness and incapacitation of the personnel can occur. Generally, a large ship can utilize the advantage of longer self hull to reduce the influence of wind waves. And the small and medium-sized ships are affected more greatly. In order to reduce the sway and jolt and improve the smoothness of the ship, as described in the background art, many methods are adopted, which can partially reduce the sway and jolt of the ship in the longitudinal direction, but the existing stability augmentation tail plates are mostly of fixed structures or are adjustable in one dimension, so that the stability augmentation effect is poor, and the stability augmentation tail plates can not realize multi-dimensional adjustment, so that considerable resistance is brought, and particularly, the ship sails at a higher speed. In order to solve the problem and improve the running stability of small and medium-sized ships, the invention provides the ship stability augmentation tail plate mechanism 2 which is additionally arranged at the stern and can be folded when not in use, wherein the extension distance and the water receiving angle are adjustable. The mechanism not only can increase the wind and wave resistance of the ship body 1, but also can reduce the running resistance of the ship body 1, and can be used as an auxiliary mechanism for loading and unloading cargoes.
Referring to fig. 2-5, the stabilizing tail plate mechanism suitable for the middle and small ships comprises a telescopic frame, a first driving device, a water pressing plate 7, a second driving device and a third driving device. In this embodiment, the first driving device, the second driving device and the third driving device are all a group of hydraulic cylinders, and the three groups of hydraulic cylinders are all connected with a hydraulic station positioned in the hull 1, and the hydraulic station controls the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic station to realize driving actions. An electric pull rod can also be used as a driving device.
The expansion bracket is of a frame structure and comprises an outer side beam 3, an inner side beam 5, a cross beam 9 and a bracket 11. The outer boundary beam 3 is square pipe or groove type pipe structure, is equipped with two altogether, parallel arrangement and both ends parallel and level. One end of each outer side beam 3 is provided with a supporting lug, one ends of the supporting lugs of each outer side beam 3 are hinged with corresponding installation lug plates 10 located below the stern respectively through pin shafts, the two installation lug plates 10 are located on the same horizontal plane and symmetrically arranged along the center of the stern, and the two outer side beams 3 can rotate around the hinged pin shafts of the installation lug plates 10 through hinging. The number and the cross sections of the inner side beams 5 are matched with those of the outer side beams 3, and the two inner side beams 5 are respectively embedded into the two outer side beams 3 in a sliding manner and can axially slide along the outer side beams 3 respectively installed. The first driving device is two first hydraulic cylinders 8 which are respectively arranged in the two outer beams 3, the cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinders 8 is fixedly connected with the end of the supporting lugs of the outer beams 3, the end part of the cylinder rod of the first hydraulic cylinders 8 is fixed with one end of the inner beam 5, which is close to the first hydraulic cylinders 8, and the sliding expansion of the inner beam 5 is powered by the first hydraulic cylinders 8. The two cross beams 9 are arranged in parallel and positioned between the two outer beams 3, and the two cross beams 9 are vertically connected with the two outer beams 3 to play a role in reinforcing the expansion bracket. And brackets 11 are arranged at one ends of the two outer side beams 3 far away from the lugs, and the brackets 11 are positioned above the outer side beams 3 and perpendicular to the outer side beams 3 and are used for installing a second driving device.
The water pressing plate 7 is positioned between the two inner side beams 5, and one ends of the two inner side beams 5, which are far away from the first hydraulic oil cylinder 8, are hinged with two sides of the outer end of the water pressing plate 7. The second driving device is two second hydraulic cylinders 6 which are respectively arranged on the brackets 11 of the two outer edge beams 3. The cylinder bodies of the two second hydraulic cylinders 6 are respectively hinged with the top ends of the corresponding brackets 11, and the cylinder rod ends of the two second hydraulic cylinders 6 are respectively hinged with the two sides of the inner end of the water pressing plate 7. The shape of the water pressing plate 7 can be set according to specific requirements, in this embodiment, the water pressing plate 7 is of a rectangular plate structure, and hinge mounting seats are fixed on four corners of the upper end face of the water pressing plate. The installation seats at the two sides of the outer end of the water pressing plate 7 are hinged with the inner edge beam 5 at the side where the installation seats are arranged through pin shafts. The mounting seats at the two sides of the inner end of the water pressing plate 7 are hinged with the end parts of cylinder rods of the second hydraulic cylinders 6 at the side where the mounting seats are located through pin shafts. When the two second hydraulic cylinders 6 are simultaneously telescopic, the water pressing plate 7 rotates around the hinge pin shaft of the water pressing plate and the inner edge beam 5, so that the angle adjustment of the water pressing plate 7 is realized. Different angular conditions of the water pressure plate 7 can be seen in fig. 2, 4.
The third driving device is connected with the stern and the two outer beams 3 and is used for driving the two outer beams 3 to turn over. The third driving device is two third hydraulic cylinders 4, and the two third hydraulic cylinders 4 are symmetrically arranged at the stern in the same level and are respectively positioned above the two mounting lug plates 10. Specifically, the ship tail cabin boards above the two installation ear boards 10 are provided with inner grooves, the inner grooves are internally provided with hinged supports, and the cylinder body ends of the two third hydraulic cylinders 4 are hinged with the corresponding hinged supports through connecting shafts. Simultaneously, the same positions of the outer sides of the two outer side beams 3 are respectively provided with a convex pin 12, and the ends of cylinder rods of the two third hydraulic cylinders 4 are hinged with the convex pins 12 of the outer side beams 3 on the side. When the two third hydraulic cylinders 4 are telescopic at the same time, the two outer beams 3 rotate around the hinge pin shafts at the corresponding installation lug plates 10, so that the whole telescopic frame can be overturned. As shown in fig. 3, in order to facilitate the space saving of the whole stability augmentation tail plate mechanism 2 after overturning and shrinking, the whole mechanism is attached to the tail of the ship body 1, and the outer wall of the stern is provided with an inner concave part corresponding to the two brackets 11 for accommodating the brackets 11, so that the space is saved more. As shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 shows a schematic view of the stability augmentation tail board mechanism 2 of the present invention at different stages in the process of overturning and storing. The stability augmentation tail board mechanism 2 can be completely contracted and clung to the rear end surface of the stern when the ship body 1 is in berthing, storing, transporting and other special states. At this time, the stability augmentation tail plate mechanism 2 does not occupy more space basically and does not affect the handling and operation of the hull 1.
Referring to fig. 6, the stability augmentation tail board mechanism 2 is installed at the stern, when the hull 1 sails, the stability augmentation tail board mechanism 2 is unfolded to enable the bottom surface of the water pressure board 7 to be close to the water surface, when the hull 1 encounters wind waves, the front end of the hull 1 is pushed by the wave head to move upwards, at this time, the water pressure board 7 is close to the water surface, an upward pushing force of the water surface is utilized to provide a supporting end for the hull 1, the hull 1 rotates around the supporting end, and when the stability augmentation tail board mechanism 2 is not installed, the hull 1 rotates around the stern, and compared with the two, the upper deflection angle generated by the hull 1 additionally provided with the stability augmentation tail board mechanism 2 is obviously small. In fact, the addition of the stabilizing tail plate mechanism 2 is equivalent to lengthening the length of the ship body 1, and the stabilizing effect is very definite and obvious. Referring to fig. 7, when the hull 1 falls from the wave, the transom mechanism 2 is submerged by adjusting the angle of the transom mechanism 2 to slow down the deflection speed of the hull 1 and increase the running stability of the hull 1. Meanwhile, through the angle adjustment of the peripheral beam 3 and the water pressing plate 7, the stability augmentation tail plate mechanism 2 can also reduce tail waves and broken waves behind the ship, improve the flow state behind the ship and further reduce the running resistance of the ship body 1.
Because the condition of the water surface is complex and changeable, the motion state of the ship body 1 is also continuously changed, in order to enable the water pressure plate 7 to be stably attached to the water surface, the two third hydraulic cylinders 4, the two second hydraulic cylinders 6 and the two first hydraulic cylinders 8 are respectively provided with a pressure sensor and a stroke sensor, the pressure sensors are used for calculating the stress of the hydraulic cylinders, and the stroke sensors are used for acquiring the stroke positions of the hydraulic cylinders and further used for solving the postures of the mechanism. The pressure sensor and the stroke sensor are electrically connected with a control system of the ship body 1, and the measurement data are transmitted to the control system in real time. The control system regulates and controls each hydraulic cylinder according to the data transmitted back by each sensor at any time and combined with the formulated coping strategy, thereby regulating the extension distance, the height and the water receiving angle of the water pressing plate 7 and enabling the stability augmentation tail plate mechanism 2 to be always kept in the optimal tool state. The hull 1 is internally provided with a control system and a corresponding control interface. Corresponding control software is compiled according to theoretical calculation and use experience, and the operation process of the system can be automatically completed by a processor or can be realized by manual intervention. The arrangement of the sensors is of the prior art and will not be described in detail here.
When the ship runs at a high speed, the water pressure plate 7 and the hydrofoil on the ship body 1 can form a gliding surface to push the ship to float on the water surface, so that the ship body 1 can sail at a high speed under low resistance. The stability augmentation tail plate mechanism 2 also has the function of enlarging the supporting surface and increasing the stability of the ship.
Referring to fig. 8, the stability augmentation tail board mechanism 2 of the present invention may also be used as an auxiliary tool for loading and unloading cargos, and by utilizing the telescopic, reversible and supportable functions, the cargo 13 is conveniently pushed to the loading port of the stern.
In this embodiment, the structural members such as the outer side beam 3, the inner side beam 5, the cross beam 9, the bracket 11, the water pressure plate 7, the mounting ear plate 10, etc. may be made of steel, aluminum or a composite material. The hydraulic station and the corresponding control valves, three groups of hydraulic cylinders, each hydraulic cylinder and the connecting pipeline thereof with the hydraulic station are selected and customized according to the specification of the stability augmentation tail plate mechanism 2, and are arranged and installed, and the content of the part belongs to the prior art and is not repeated here.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made in the above embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.