CN214781678U

CN214781678U - Multi-stream feed injector for gasifier

Info

Publication number: CN214781678U
Application number: CN202120057968.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周重; 瞿海根; 陈再生; 何筱毅; 张强; 周琼
Original assignee: Air Products and Chemicals Inc
Current assignee: Air Products and Chemicals Inc
Priority date: 2021-01-11
Filing date: 2021-01-11
Publication date: 2021-11-19
Anticipated expiration: 2031-01-11

Abstract

A feed injector for a gasifier optimizes atomization of a feedstock by conveying an oxidant through a central passage while impinging fuel and a second oxidant onto the oxidant via an outer annular passage to promote high conversion efficiency in the gasifier. The feed injector also extends the life of the gasifier by introducing a protective fluid between the reaction zone and the walls of the gasifier.

Description

Multi-stream feed injector for gasifier

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to gasification systems, and more particularly to advanced equipment for injecting feedstock into a gasifier.

Background

At least some known gasifiers convert a mixture of fuel, air or oxygen, liquid water and/or steam and/or fluxes and/or auxiliary additives into an output of partially oxidized gas (commonly referred to as "syngas" or "syngas"). Partial oxidation or gasification of solid carbonaceous fuels, such as coal, to produce gases that have value as domestic and industrial fuels, as raw materials for synthesizing chemicals and fuels, and as energy sources for power generation has long been recognized and practiced worldwide on various scales.

Fuel, air or oxygen, liquid water and/or steam and/or flux or auxiliary additives are injected into the gasifier from separate sources through feed injectors coupling the sources of the feed components to the feed nozzles. The feed components individually traverse the feed injector and are combined in a reaction zone downstream of the nozzle. In order for the reaction to be completed in a short time, the feed stays in the reaction zone, requiring a fine mixing of the feed components. At least some known gasification feed injectors are designed to inject feed components into the reaction zone at high velocity to promote atomization, however, such methods reduce the available reaction time and tend to inhibit effective conversion.

There is a need for a feed injector that optimizes atomization of the feedstock so as to promote high conversion efficiency in the gasifier and extends the life of the gasifier by introducing a protective fluid between the reaction zone and the walls of the gasifier.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In one embodiment, a feed injector system includes a plurality of channels defined by an annular wall arranged in a substantially concentric manner about a longitudinal axis, wherein the channels direct fluid flow therethrough substantially axially from respective sources to a reaction zone. The feed injector system further includes a swirl member extending into a fluid flow path in at least one of the plurality of channels, the swirl member configured to impart a circumferential flow direction to fluid flowing through the at least one channel. The feed injector system also allows for the introduction of a protective fluid through the outermost passages, which isolates the walls of the gasifier from the harsh conditions created by the reaction of the fuel and oxidant.

Aspect 1: a gasifier feed injector comprising a central oxidant conduit configured to inject an oxidant from a first oxidant outlet into a gasifier; a feed annular conduit surrounding the central oxidant conduit and configured to inject feed from the feed outlet into the gasifier; a second oxidant annular conduit surrounding the first feed annular conduit and configured to inject oxidant from the second oxidant outlet into the gasifier; and a protective fluid annulus conduit surrounding the second oxidant annulus conduit and configured to inject a protective fluid from the protective fluid outlet into the gasifier; and an outlet plane formed by the ends of the protective fluid ring conduit; wherein the feed outlet forms an angle a with the outlet plane, wherein the angle a is between 80 degrees and 120 degrees.

Aspect 2: the gasifier feed injector of aspect 1, wherein the central oxidant conduit comprises a swirl element configured to impart a swirling flow pattern to the oxidant exiting the first oxidant outlet.

Aspect 3: the gasifier feed injector of aspect 1 or aspect 2, wherein the second oxidant outlet forms an angle B with the outlet plane, wherein the angle B is between 20 and 80 degrees.

Aspect 4: the gasifier feed injector of any of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the protective fluid outlet forms an angle C with the outlet plane, wherein angle C is between 20 and 80 degrees.

Aspect 5: the gasifier feed injector of any of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the first oxidant outlet is retracted in an axial direction from the outlet plane by an inner tip retraction distance, wherein the inner tip retraction distance is between 0 and 200 mm.

Aspect 6: the gasifier feed injector of any of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the feed outlet is retracted in the axial direction from the outlet plane by a first annular retraction distance, wherein the first annular retraction distance is between 0 and 100 mm.

Aspect 7: the gasifier feed injector of any of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the second oxidant outlet is retracted in the axial direction from the outlet plane by a second annular retraction distance, wherein the second annular retraction distance is between 0 and 100 mm.

Aspect 8: the gasifier feed injector of any of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the central oxidant conduit comprises a narrow throat, wherein a distance in an axial direction from an outlet of the narrow throat to the first oxidant outlet is between 1mm and 100 mm.

Aspect 9: the gasifier feed injector of any of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the protective fluid is a coal slurry.

Aspect 10: the gasifier feed injector of any of aspects 1 to 9, wherein the protective fluid is selected from one or more of water, waste water, and waste oil.

Aspect 11: the gasification feed injector of any of aspects 1-10, wherein the protective fluid is selected from one or more of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, steam, methane, and a stream comprising hydrocarbons.

Drawings

The present invention will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the following drawing figures, wherein like numerals denote like elements:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram depicting an embodiment of a multiple stream feed injector for a gasifier.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description provides preferred exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the invention. Rather, the following detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing the preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

FIG. 1 shows a cross section of an embodiment of the present invention in which four substantially concentric walls define four channels for a feed injector system 10. The inner wall 1 is surrounded by a first annular wall 2, which in turn is surrounded by a second annular wall 3, which in turn is surrounded by a third annular wall 4. The third annular wall 4 may comprise hollow channels 500 for the flow of a heat transfer fluid, such as cooling water or other liquid phase heat transfer medium. The third annular wall 4 terminates in a third annular tip 14, which also defines the outlet plane 8 of the feed injector system. Once any feed passes through the feed injector system and crosses the exit plane 8, it may be considered to have entered the gasifier (not shown).

As shown in fig. 1, the central oxidant conduit 100 is a space defined within the inner wall 1 and is configured to deliver an oxidant stream comprising oxygen to the gasifier. The inner wall 1 terminates in an inner tip 11. The central oxidant conduit 100 may include a swirl element 7 that imparts a swirling flow pattern to the oxidant flow and thereby improves mixing and reduces flame length in the reaction zone of the gasifier. The central oxidant conduit 100 may further include a narrow throat 5 to achieve an increase in the linear velocity of the oxidant stream as it crosses the exit plane 8 and enters the gasifier, which also improves mixing and reduces flame length. The distance between the exit of the throat 5 and the inner tip 11 may be between 1mm and 100 mm.

The feed annulus conduit 200 is defined by the space between the inner wall 1 and the first annular wall 2 and is configured to transport solid carbonaceous fuel suspended in a fluid. The second oxidant annular conduit 300 is defined by the space between the first annular wall 2 and the second annular wall 3 and is configured to deliver an oxidant stream comprising oxygen to the gasifier. In practice, this may be the same or different from the composition of the oxidant stream in the central oxidant conduit 100. The protective fluid annular duct 400 is defined by the space between the second annular wall 3 and the third annular wall 4 and is configured to convey a protective fluid.

Each of the four channels may convey one of: a solid carbonaceous fuel suspended in a fluid (such as water or nitrogen); an oxidant stream (such as air, oxygen-enriched gas, or pure oxygen); and protective fluids (such as water, wastewater, waste oil, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, steam, methane, other hydrocarbons, coal slurry). "coal slurry" is defined as a suspension of a solid carbonaceous fuel in a liquid, such as water. The composition varies depending on the type of solid carbonaceous fuel used, but the coal slurry is typically between 50 and 70 weight percent of the solid carbonaceous fuel, and may also include additives that promote slurry stability and flow. "wastewater" is defined as water that includes organic or inorganic chemicals. Similarly, "waste oil" is defined as oil that includes organic or inorganic chemicals.

The inner tip 11 is retractable in the axial direction away from the outlet plane 8. The distance between the inner tip 11 and the outlet plane 8 in the axial direction is defined as the inner tip retraction distance. In the present invention, the internal tip retraction distance may vary from 0 to 200mm, or from 0 to 100mm, or from 0 to 50mm, and in one embodiment may be about 10 mm. The positive value of the inner tip retraction distance allows for mixing between the contents of the central oxidant conduit 100 and the contents of the feed annulus conduit 200.

The first annular wall 2 terminates in a first annular tip 12 which is retractable in the axial direction away from the outlet plane 8. The distance between the first annular tip 12 and the outlet plane 8 in the axial direction is defined as a first annular retraction distance. In the present invention, the first annular set back distance may vary from 0 to 100mm, or from 0 to 50mm, or from 0 to 25mm, and in one embodiment is about 0 mm. A positive value for the first annular retraction distance allows mixing between the contents of conduits 100,200 and 300.

The second annular wall 3 terminates in a first annular tip 13 which is retractable in the axial direction away from the outlet plane 8. The distance between the second annular tip 13 and the outlet plane 8 in the axial direction is defined as a second annular retraction distance. In the present invention, the second annular set back distance may vary from 0 to 100mm, or from 0 to 50mm, or from 0 to 25mm, and in one embodiment is about 0 mm. A positive value for the second annular retraction distance allows for mixing between the contents of conduits 100,200,300 and 400.

Mixing can also be improved by controlling the angle between the pipe and the outlet plane 8. The central oxidant conduit 100 may form an angle a of between 0 and 60 ° or between 0 and 15 ° with the central axis. The feed annulus 200 forms an angle a with the outlet plane 8 of between 80 ° and 120 °, which in one embodiment may be 90 °. The second oxidant annular duct 300 forms an angle B with the outlet plane 8 of between 20 ° and 80 °, and in one embodiment the angle may be 60 °. The protective fluid annulus 400 forms an angle C with the outlet plane 8 of between 20 ° and 80 °, and in one embodiment the angle may be 70 °.

While the principles of the invention have been described above in connection with preferred embodiments, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation on the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A gasifier feed injector, comprising:

a central oxidant conduit configured to inject an oxidant from a first oxidant outlet into the gasifier;

a feed annular conduit surrounding the central oxidant conduit and configured to inject feed from a feed outlet into the gasifier;

a second oxidant annular conduit surrounding the first feed annular conduit and configured to inject oxidant from a second oxidant outlet into the gasifier; and

a protective fluid annulus conduit surrounding the second oxidant annulus conduit and configured to inject a protective fluid from a protective fluid outlet into the gasifier; and

an outlet plane formed by the ends of the protective fluid ring conduit;

wherein the feed outlet forms an angle A with the outlet plane, wherein angle A is between 80 degrees and 120 degrees.

2. The gasifier feed injector of claim 1, wherein the central oxidant conduit comprises a swirl element configured to impart a swirling flow pattern to oxidant exiting the first oxidant outlet.

3. A gasifier feed injector in accordance with claim 1 wherein said second oxidant outlet forms an angle B with said outlet plane, wherein angle B is between 20 degrees and 80 degrees.

4. The gasifier feed injector of claim 1, wherein the protective fluid outlet forms an angle C with the outlet plane, wherein angle C is between 20 and 80 degrees.

5. The gasifier feed injector of claim 1, wherein the first oxidant outlet is retracted in an axial direction from the outlet plane by an internal tip retraction distance, wherein the internal tip retraction distance is between 0 and 200 mm.

6. A gasifier feed injector in accordance with claim 1 wherein said feed outlet is retracted in an axial direction from said outlet plane by a first annular retraction distance, wherein said first annular retraction distance is between 0 and 100 mm.

7. A gasifier feed injector in accordance with claim 1 wherein said second oxidant outlet is retracted in an axial direction from said outlet plane by a second annular retraction distance, wherein said second annular retraction distance is between 0 and 100 mm.

8. The gasifier feed injector of claim 1, wherein the central oxidant conduit comprises a narrow throat, wherein a distance in an axial direction from an outlet of the narrow throat to the first oxidant outlet is between 1mm and 100 mm.

9. The gasifier feed injector of claim 1, wherein the protective fluid is a coal slurry.

10. The gasifier feed injector of claim 1, wherein the protective fluid is selected from one of water, waste water, and waste oil.

11. The gasifier feed injector of claim 1, wherein the protective fluid is selected from one of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, steam, methane, and a stream comprising hydrocarbons.