CN203843168U - Equipment for high-energy-beam additive manufacturing large-size metal parts - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment for large-scale metal parts. The equipment includes a working chamber, a workbench, a control system, a high-energy beam scanning generator, a powder storage hopper, a powder spreader and a gas purification module. The working table is composed of a forming cylinder and a powder recovery cylinder. The upper surfaces of the forming cylinder and the powder recovery cylinder are coplanar and form a working plane. The control system controls the high-energy beam scanning generator and the powder spreader to move relative to the worktable along the powder spread direction synchronously. The utility model greatly shortens the "waiting time" caused by the preset powder bed when using conventional laser/electron beam selective melting technology to process parts, thereby significantly improving the forming efficiency of high-energy beam additive manufacturing. The application of the utility model can efficiently realize the rapid manufacture of high-performance, high-precision and complex-structure metal parts of "meter" size.

Description

A high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment for large-scale metal parts

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of high-energy beam processing, and in particular relates to equipment for manufacturing large-sized metal parts with high-energy beam additive materials. The utility model is an additive manufacturing technology based on the synchronous movement of a high-energy beam scanning generator and a powder spreader, and is especially suitable for high-efficiency forming of metal parts with large size, high performance, high precision and complex structure. the

Background technique

Additive manufacturing technology, also known as three-dimensional printing technology (3D-Printing), is an emerging manufacturing technology. Different from traditional equal-material manufacturing (casting, forging, welding) and subtractive manufacturing (machining), additive manufacturing technology is based on the discrete-accumulation rule, and according to the three-dimensional data of the parts, the materials are connected in a layered and superimposed mode. Together, until the forming of the entire part is completed, it is characterized by high flexibility and individualization, which is the development frontier of the current manufacturing industry. According to different raw materials, additive manufacturing can be divided into rapid prototyping (RP) and near-net shape (Rapid Manufacturing-RM) of parts that can be put into use directly. Rapid prototyping technology uses non-metallic materials such as liquid resin, paraffin, paper and silk as raw materials to manufacture non-dense prototypes and models, which are often used for design optimization, product evaluation and publicity. In contrast, the near-net-shaping technology of parts that can be directly put into use using metal powder or wire as raw materials can directly complete the rapid manufacturing of various special-shaped parts and load-bearing components, and has higher application value. the

There are many kinds of near-net shaping process methods, which can be subdivided into many types according to the energy sources used (such as laser beams, electron beams, ion beams, arcs, etc.) and the types of materials and the ways of adding materials. At present, in the 3D printing forming process of metal parts, the forming of laser beam and electron beam (hereinafter referred to as "high-energy beam") has the fastest development and is also the most accepted by the industry. According to the different supply methods of metal raw materials, the most used additive manufacturing technologies include: laser melting deposition direct manufacturing technology (Laser Melting Deposition, hereinafter referred to as LMD technology) based on synchronous powder feeding, electron beam fuse additive based on automatic wire feeding Manufacturing technology (Electron Beam Wire Melting, hereinafter referred to as EBWM technology), laser selective melting additive manufacturing technology based on powder bed laying (Selective Laser Melting, hereinafter referred to as SLM technology) and electron beam selective melting additive manufacturing technology (Electron Beam Selective Melting , hereinafter referred to as EBSM technology). the

LMD and EBWM technologies use high power laser beams or electron beams, large spot diameters (or electron beam spot diameters), and high deposition efficiency. In particular, large-scale machine tools are used as motion mechanisms, so they are suitable for forming large-scale metal components, but it is difficult to achieve Precision machining of complex components. the

SLM and EBSM technologies are based on the method of powder bed laying, and the process can be summarized as follows: first, a layer of powder with a certain thickness is laid on the surface of the substrate using the powder spreading system, and then the laser beam or electron beam performs selective melting on the powder bed according to the preset trajectory , and cooled and solidified to form a deposition layer; the substrate is lowered to the same height as the thickness of the deposition layer, and the powder bed is re-laid and selectively melted until the entire part is formed. SLM and EBSM technologies generally use lower-power lasers or electron guns as energy sources, and the diameter of the focused spot or electron beam spot is small, usually 0.1-0.2mm. During the processing, the high-energy beam quickly scans on the powder layer with a thickness of only 0.02-0.2mm, forming a small molten pool and solidifying rapidly, with small heat accumulation, high precision and surface quality of parts. Therefore, SLM and EBSM technologies are especially suitable for the manufacture of metal parts with complex shapes. the

However, the biggest disadvantage of SLM and EBSM technology is its low forming efficiency. Due to the low power of the high-energy beam used and the small diameter of the spot or electron beam spot, its forming efficiency is significantly lower than that of LMD and EBWM technologies, and it takes too long to manufacture large-sized parts. Therefore, it is imperative to further improve the forming efficiency of SLM and EBSM technology. the

At present, there have been several patent disclosures related to methods for improving SLM/EBSM processing efficiency and related equipment. The domestic patent document "Multi-beam laser scanning system and method for laser rapid prototyping processing equipment" (publication number CN 103358555A) discloses a method and equipment that can be used to improve the efficiency of SLM. The device utilizes a laser beam splitter to split an initial laser beam into a first laser beam and a second laser beam. The equipment includes a first scanning unit and a second scanning unit. Under the control of the control signal, the first scanning unit and the second scanning unit respectively adjust the first laser and the second laser to scan simultaneously according to the preset trajectory, thus improving the SLM processing efficiency. However, due to the beam splitting method, the power of the first laser and the second laser is lower than the initial laser beam. In order to ensure sufficient melting of the powder, it is necessary to reduce the thickness of the layer or reduce the scanning rate, which greatly limits SLM processing. room for improvement in efficiency. the

The domestic patent document "Selective Laser Melting Forming Device and Method for Medical Magnesium Alloy Metal Parts" (publication number: CN 101856724A) also discloses a SLM device. The equipment includes a control device, a powder feeding device, a laser transmission mechanism, a gas purification device, and a closed forming chamber. The powder feeding device includes a hopper and powder brushes installed on both sides below the hopper. Corresponding to the setting, the lower part of the plastering brush is horizontally corresponding to the upper surface of the forming cylinder, and a heating wire is arranged in the hopper of the powdering and spreading device. The heating wire is used to preheat the metal powder before it is placed on the base plate of the forming cylinder to improve the absorption rate of the metal powder to the laser energy. In the case of the same laser energy input, higher forming efficiency can be obtained. However, the equipment adopts the "one-way powder spreading" method, that is, to pre-set a layer of powder, the powder feeding device needs to move back and forth in the forming chamber for a week, and the invalid working time is too much, which also hinders the significant improvement of SLM processing efficiency. the

The domestic patent document "A Method for Electron Beam Selective Melting and Forming of Metal Honeycomb Components without Welds" (publication number: CN 103273065A) discloses an EBSM method. The equipment used in this method includes an electron beam rapid prototyping machine and an electron beam The computer connected to the rapid prototyping machine, wherein the electron beam rapid prototyping machine includes a liftable worktable, a powder storage box, a powder spreader and an electron beam generator. According to the slice profile data generated by the computer, the electron beam scans the metal powder bed layer by layer Thereby a metal honeycomb structure was obtained. The powder storage boxes involved in this method are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the forming chamber, thereby realizing "two-way powder spreading" and improving the efficiency of EBSM in processing metal honeycomb components. However, in the above-mentioned patents, the step of high-energy beam scanning deposition can only be carried out after the powder bed is laid, and the waiting time caused by the powder laying process is relatively long. the

In addition to the published related patents, the German EOS company recently launched the SLM equipment model "EOS M 400", which adopts a "two-way powder spreading" structure, which can realize efficient manufacturing of metal parts. Fraunhofer Institute of Laser Technology in Germany has developed a SLM device with continuously adjustable spot diameter. When forming large-sized parts, a high-power, large-spot laser beam is used to scan the core of the deposited part, and a low-power, small-spot laser beam is used to scan the outer shell of the deposited part, so as to ensure the accuracy and surface quality of the parts. Realized the improvement of forming efficiency. The Arcam company in Sweden has developed the EBSM equipment model "Arcam Q-20". The equipment adopts a "two-way powder spreading" structure and can complete the processing of high-precision metal parts. the

However, in the actual processing of the above-mentioned equipment, the two processes of powder bed laying and high-energy beam scanning deposition are independent in time. Only after the powder presetting is completed, the high-energy beam scans the selected area of the layer of powder according to the preset trajectory and forms a deposition layer. Depending on the specific powder spreading method (one-way powder spreading or two-way powder spreading), the time for the existing SLM/EBSM equipment to preset a layer of powder is about 10 to 30 seconds. When forming large-sized parts, the number of deposition layers is often as high as thousands or even tens of thousands, and the "waiting time" caused by the preset powder bed can be as high as tens of hours, which seriously reduces the forming efficiency of SLM/EBSM, and The limit size of parts that can be processed is limited. The limiting forming volumes of "EOS M400" and "Arcam Q-20" are only 400mmx400mmx400mm ³ and 350x380mm (Φ/H) respectively.

To sum up, the existing SLM/EBSM technology cannot achieve efficient forming of large-size, high-quality metal parts in a true sense due to the poor coordination between the powder coating process and the high-energy beam scanning forming process. Therefore, it is of great significance to invent a high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment that can efficiently manufacture large-size, high-performance, high-precision, and complex-structure metal parts. the

Utility model content

Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing SLM/EBSM technology, this utility model proposes a high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment for large-scale metal parts, the purpose of which is to achieve high efficiency of large-size, high-performance, high-precision, and complex-structure metal parts take shape. the

The utility model provides a high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment for large-scale metal parts, which is characterized in that the equipment includes a working chamber, a workbench, a control system and a gas purification module;

The workbench includes a first powder recovery cylinder, a second powder recovery cylinder and a forming cylinder. The first powder recovery cylinder and the second powder recovery cylinder are respectively located on both sides of the forming cylinder, and are both located in the working chamber. The first powder recovery cylinder , The upper surface of the second powder recovery cylinder and the forming cylinder are coplanar to form a working plane; the gas purification module forms a closed cycle with the working chamber through the air inlet and outlet;

The equipment also includes a high-energy beam scanning generator, a first powder storage hopper, a second powder storage hopper, and a powder spreader, and the control system is connected with the high-energy beam scanning generator, the first powder storage hopper, the second powder storage hopper, and the powder spreader respectively. Connect the device, workbench and gas purification module and control them to work together;

The high-energy beam scanning generator is located above the working chamber, and the first powder storage hopper, the second powder storage hopper and the powder spreader are located inside the working chamber; the first powder storage hopper and the second powder storage hopper are respectively located on the two sides of the high-energy beam scanning generator. On the side, the powder spreader is located under the first powder storage hopper and the second powder storage hopper to receive their powder supply and be used for two-way powder spreading on the surface of the forming cylinder;

The workbench or the high-energy beam scanning generator is provided with a movement mechanism. the

The utility model has the following technical effects:

(1) By controlling the high-energy beam scanning generator and the powder spreader to synchronize with the relative movement of the workbench along the powder spread direction, the utility model greatly shortens the processing time of parts due to separate preset metal powder when using conventional SLM/EBSM technology. The "waiting time" caused by the bed process greatly improves the forming efficiency of high-energy beam additive manufacturing;

(2) The utility model adopts a two-way powder spreading method, which further improves the forming efficiency of laser or electron beam selective melting rapid prototyping;

(3) According to the requirements of forming quality and efficiency, the utility model can flexibly adopt "double-row galvanometer combination (double-row electron beam deflector combination) or multi-row galvanometer combination (multi-row electron beam deflector combination), and The relative speed between the high-energy beam scanning generator, the powder spreader and the worktable can be continuously adjusted, so as to further improve the forming efficiency and processing quality of metal parts;

(4) Since the forming efficiency is significantly improved, the utility model can be applied to realize the rapid forming of super-large-sized metal parts reaching the "meter" level;

(5) Since the "waiting time" caused by the preset powder bed is greatly shortened, the parts are always kept at a high temperature during the processing process, and the problems of stress, deformation and cracking caused by repeated thermal cycles are improved;

(6) During the high-energy beam additive manufacturing process, the high-energy beam scanning generator can perform selective scanning in the "flying" state of relative movement with the worktable, so as to ensure that the scanning trajectory is always in the ideal processing area of the high-energy beam scanning generator , to avoid the distortion of the scanning trajectory far away from the ideal processing area when forming large-sized metal parts, and it can also move synchronously with the powder spreader along the powder spreading direction. After moving a distance equivalent to the diameter of the effective processing coverage area each time, the The melting scan of the powder bed in the corresponding area is completed in a static state, and the accuracy and surface quality of metal parts are further guaranteed under the condition of taking into account the cost. the

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the first specific embodiment of the high-energy beam additive manufacturing large-scale metal parts equipment involved in the utility model;

Fig. 2 (a) is the schematic diagram of the layout of the scanning galvanometer group in Fig. 1, the structural representation of the galvanometer system in the scanning galvanometer group in Fig. 2 (b);

Fig. 3 is a detailed schematic diagram of powder bed laying and high-energy beam scanning process synchronously during the processing of metal parts using the high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the second specific embodiment of the high-energy beam additive manufacturing large-scale metal parts equipment involved in the utility model;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third specific embodiment of the high-energy beam additive manufacturing large-scale metal parts equipment involved in the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a detailed schematic diagram of powder bed laying and high-energy beam scanning process synchronously during the processing of metal parts using the high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment shown in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is the first structural representation of the electron beam deflector group involved in the utility model;

Fig. 8 is the structure schematic diagram of double-row galvanometer combination (double-row electron beam deflector combination) or multi-row galvanometer combination (multi-row electron beam deflector combination) involved in the utility model;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a method for continuously adjusting the relative speed between the high-energy beam scanning generator and the worktable involved in the present invention. the

Fig. 10(a) and Fig. 10(b) are schematic diagrams of a step-by-step high-energy beam scanning process involved in the present invention. the

Detailed ways

The utility model is described in more detail below by means of embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the following examples and accompanying drawings are only illustrative, and the protection scope of the utility model is not limited by these examples. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute conflicts with each other. the

Example 1

As shown in FIG. 1 , the first embodiment of the high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment involved in the present invention includes a powder supply and scanning module 1 , a working chamber 9 , a workbench, a control system 10 and a gas purification module 11 . the

The control system 10 calculates the processing trajectory and generates relevant numerical control signals, which are used to regulate the powder supply connected to the control system 10 and the cooperative work of the scanning module 1 , the workbench and the gas purification module 11 . In order to simplify the figure, only the connection between the powder supply and scanning module 1 and the control system 10 is shown in FIG. 1 , and the connections between other components and the control system 10 are not shown. It should be noted that this connection may include contact connections such as physical lines, or non-contact connections such as electronic signals. the

The powder supply and scanning module 1 is composed of a scanning galvanometer group 2 , a first powder storage hopper 3 , a second powder storage hopper 4 , a first one-way powder spreader 5 and a second one-way powder spreader 6 . Wherein, the scanning galvanometer group 2 is located above the working chamber 9, and serves as a high-energy beam scanning generator to provide energy for high-energy beam additive manufacturing. The first powder storage hopper 3, the second powder storage hopper 4, the first one-way powder spreading device 5 and the second one-way powder spreading device 6 are located inside the working chamber 9, the first powder storage hopper 3, the second powder storage hopper 4 and the first one-way powder spreader 5, and the second one-way powder spreader 6 are mirror images distributed with the center line of the scanning vibrating mirror group 2 as a reference. The powder supply and scanning module 1 is connected with mechanisms such as high-precision screw rods, sliders, and guide rails (that is, the aforementioned moving mechanism) to ensure that the components inside the powder supply and scanning module 1 can move cooperatively along the powder spreading direction at the same speed . The first one-way powder spreader 5 and the second one-way powder spreader 6 are respectively located directly below the first powder storage hopper 3 and the second powder storage hopper 4 to receive their powder supply and to carry out two-way powder spreading on the surface of the forming cylinder 16. spread powder;

As shown in FIG. 2( a ), the scanning galvanometer group 2 is composed of n galvanometer systems 18 ₁ , 18 ₂ , . . . , 18 _n arranged in a line perpendicular to the powder spreading direction. The effective processing coverage diameter of each galvanometer system along the direction perpendicular to the powder spreading direction is l, and the product of the number n and l of the galvanometer system should be equal to the size L of the forming cylinder 16 perpendicular to the powder spreading direction, which satisfies n*l= L.

As shown in Figure 2 (b), the galvanometer system 18 all includes a scanning galvanometer 20, a light guide system 21, a laser source 22, an f-θ combination lens 23 and a protective mirror 24 installed in a dustproof housing 19; 22 Medium to high power lasers including fiber lasers, Nd:YAG lasers and _CO2 lasers can be used. After the laser beam is emitted by the laser source 22 , it enters the light guide system 21 and undergoes corresponding collimation and beam expansion processing, and then enters the scanning galvanometer 20 . The scanning galvanometer 20 guides the laser beam to deflect accordingly according to the processing trajectory generated by the control system 10. The deflected laser beam is then focused through the f-θ combination lens 23, and finally passes through the protective mirror 24 to reach the upper surface of the molding cylinder, and according to the control The graphical data provided by the system slices, selectively scans the powder bed, and enables the forming of metal parts.

The workbench is composed of the first powder recovery cylinder 7, the second powder recovery cylinder 8 and the forming cylinder 16, and is inside the working chamber 9 and is stationary. It should be noted that the "stationary" state defined here refers to the absolute stillness of the workbench along the powder spreading direction. The first powder recovery cylinder 7 and the second powder recovery cylinder 8 are respectively located on both sides of the forming cylinder 16 . The upper surfaces of the first powder recovery cylinder 7, the second powder recovery cylinder 8 and the forming cylinder 16 are coplanar, thereby forming a working plane, the lower ends of the first one-way powder spreading device 5 and the second one-way powder spreading device 6 are in contact with the working plane Parallel, and keep a working gap to facilitate the flow of powder and scrape. The forming cylinder 16 is respectively a forming substrate 14 , a heating system 15 and a lifting mechanism 17 from top to bottom. A heating system 15 is used to preheat the formed substrate 14 . Driven by the lifting mechanism 17, the forming substrate 14 and the heating system 15 inside the forming cylinder 16 can move with high precision along the height direction of the processed parts, and the lifting mechanism 17 can be composed of positioning structures such as high-precision screw rods. the

The gas purification module 11 forms a closed cycle with the working chamber 9 through an air inlet and an air outlet. Before the high-energy beam additive manufacturing starts, the gas purification module 11 fills a certain amount of inert protective gas including nitrogen and argon into the working chamber 9 to make the water and oxygen content in the working chamber 9 meet the working requirements. the

Based on the high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment shown in Figure 1, the first control method for the high-energy beam additive manufacturing of large metal parts involved in the utility model is as follows:

(1) Place the powder supply and scanning module 1 on the upper left of the working plane, wherein the lower end of the second one-way powder spreader 6 is placed between the first powder recovery cylinder 7 and the forming cylinder 16 . According to the accuracy requirements of the parts, the single-layer powder thickness increment T in the additive manufacturing process is designed, and the single flow rate of the second powder storage hopper 4 is adjusted to provide the second one-way powder spreader 6 at one time to meet the single-layer powder spread. the required weight of metal powder;

(2) The powder supply and scanning module 1 moves to the right at a constant speed V along the powder spreading direction. After the second one-way powder spreader 6 moved to the surface of the forming cylinder 16, the metal powder layer with a thickness of T was uniformly laid on the surface of the forming cylinder 16; On the left, a layer of metal powder 25 is laid down, which layer of powder can be located above the deposited part 12 or powder bed 13 . The powder supply and scanning module 1 continues to move to the right at a constant speed V along the powder spreading direction, and drives the effective processing coverage area 26 of the scanning galvanometer group 2 to move to the right together until the planned scanning and filling path enters the effective processing coverage area 26 . At this time, the scanning galvanometer group 2 performs selective fusion deposition on a new layer of metal powder 25 . the

It is worth noting that: first, the distance S between the center line of the scanning galvanometer group 2 and the first unidirectional powder spreader 5 and the second unidirectional powder spreader 6 should be greater than the radius of the effective processing coverage area 26 of the scanning galvanometer group 2 , to ensure that the powder bed laying and the laser scanning process do not affect each other; secondly, since the scanning galvanometer group 2 works in a "flying" state, in order to ensure powder melting and avoid scanning trajectory distortion, the control system 10 needs to control the scanning galvanometer group 2 for motion compensation matching the speed V; thirdly, the powder supply and the motion speed V of the scanning module 1 need to be adjusted in combination with the scanning filling area inside the effective processing coverage area 26, so as to ensure that the scanning track is always located in the scanning vibration area. Mirror group 2 effectively processes the interior of coverage area 26;

(3) The powder supply and scanning module 1 continues to move to the right at a constant speed V along the powder laying direction, and is subjected to selective melting and deposition by the laser beam while laying the metal powder layer. Afterwards, the powder supply and scanning module 1 moves away from the surface of the forming cylinder 16, and the laying of the metal powder layer 25 and the selective melting deposition are completed;

(4) The powder supply and scanning module 1 continues to move to the right at a constant speed V along the powder spreading direction, and the second one-way powder spreader 6 sends the possible remaining metal powder into the second powder recovery cylinder 8;

(5) The powder supply and scanning module 1 continues to move to the right at a constant speed V along the powder spreading direction until the lower end of the first one-way powder spreading device 5 moves between the second powder recovery cylinder 8 and the forming cylinder 16 . Thereafter, according to the single-layer powder thickness increment T during the additive manufacturing process, the single flow rate of the first powder storage hopper 3 is adjusted to provide the first one-way powder spreader 5 with a one-time supply of powder that meets the weight required for single-layer powder spread. Metal powder; the shaped substrate 14 descends the same distance as the deposition thickness T;

(6) The powder supply and scanning module 1 moves to the left at a constant speed V along the powder spreading direction. After the first one-way powder spreader 5 moves to the surface of the forming cylinder 16, it begins to uniformly lay new powder with a thickness T on the surface of the forming cylinder 16. A layer of metal powder. The powder supply and scanning module 1 continues to move to the left at a constant speed V along the powder laying direction, and while laying a new layer of metal powder, it is subjected to selective melting and deposition by the laser beam. Afterwards, the powder supply and scanning module 1 moves away from the surface of the forming cylinder 16, and the laying of a new layer of metal powder and the selective melting and deposition are completed. The powder supply and scanning module 1 continues to move to the left at a constant speed V along the powder spreading direction, and the first one-way powder spreader 5 sends the possible remaining metal powder into the first powder recovery cylinder 7 . The powder supply and scanning module 1 continues to move to the left at a constant speed V along the powder spreading direction until the lower end of the second one-way powder spreader 6 moves between the first powder recovery cylinder 7 and the forming cylinder 16 . The shaped substrate 14 is lowered by the same distance as the deposition thickness T;

(7) Steps (1) to (6) are repeated until the final forming of the metal parts is completed. the

Example 2

On the basis of the first specific implementation of the high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment involved in the utility model, the second specific implementation of the high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment involved in the utility model can be obtained, such as Figure 4 shows. In this embodiment, the powder supply and scanning module 1 is still composed of a scanning galvanometer group 2, a first powder storage hopper 3, a second powder storage hopper 4, a first one-way powder spreader 5, and a second one-way powder spreader 6 The composition, powder supply and arrangement of components inside the scanning module 1 are also consistent with the first embodiment of the high energy beam additive manufacturing equipment. The difference is that the scanning galvanometer group 2, the first powder storage hopper 3, the second powder storage hopper 4, the first one-way powder spreader 5, and the second one-way powder spreader 6 are respectively fixed on the inner and outer sides above the middle of the working chamber 9. It should be noted that the "stationary" state defined here refers to the absolute stillness of the powder supply and scanning module 1 along the powder spreading direction. the

The workbench is still composed of the first powder recovery cylinder 7, the second powder recovery cylinder 8 and the forming cylinder 16, and the arrangement of the components of the workbench is also consistent with the first embodiment of the high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment. The difference is that the workbench is improved to a movable workbench 27 by installing a workbench transmission mechanism 28 (ie, the aforementioned motion mechanism) and a workbench transmission mechanism power source 29 below it. Among them, the workbench transmission mechanism 28 can be composed of high-precision positioning mechanisms such as high-precision screw rods and high-precision pulleys, and the power source 29 of the workbench transmission mechanism provides driving force for the movement of the workbench transmission mechanism 28, and drives the movable workbench 27. High-precision reciprocating motion along the powder spreading direction. The lower ends of the first one-way powder spreader 5 and the second one-way powder spreader 6 are still parallel to the working plane formed by the first powder recovery cylinder 7, the second powder recovery cylinder 8 and the upper surface of the forming cylinder 16, and a working plane is reserved. Gaps allow powder to flow out and be scraped off. the

The arrangement of the control system 10 and the gas purification module 11 is still consistent with the first embodiment of the high energy beam additive manufacturing equipment. The difference is that the control system 10 simultaneously regulates the powder supply and the cooperative work of the scanning module 1 , the mobile workbench 27 , the power source 29 of the workplatform transmission mechanism, the workplatform transmission mechanism 28 and the gas purification module 11 . the

Based on the high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment shown in Figure 4, the second control method for the high-energy beam additive manufacturing of large metal parts involved in the utility model is as follows:

(1) Place the mobile workbench 27 at the bottom right of the powder supply and scanning module 1, wherein the lower end of the second one-way powder spreader 6 should be located between the first powder recovery cylinder 7 and the forming cylinder 16. According to the precision requirements of the parts, the single-layer powder thickness increment T in the additive manufacturing process is designed, and the single flow rate of the second powder storage hopper 4 is adjusted to provide the second one-way powder spreader 6 at one time to meet the requirements of single-layer spread. Metal powder of the required weight for powder;

(2) The mobile worktable 27 moves to the left at a constant speed V along the powder spreading direction. The metal powder layer with a thickness T is evenly laid on the surface of 16; the mobile workbench 27 continues to move to the left at a constant speed V along the powder spreading direction until the planned scanning filling path enters the effective processing coverage area 26 of the scanning galvanometer group 2, at this time The scanning galvanometer group 2 performs selective fusion deposition on the deposited metal powder layer. It is worth noting that: first, the distance S between the center line of the scanning galvanometer group 2 and the first unidirectional powder spreader 5 and the second unidirectional powder spreader 6 should be greater than the radius of the effective processing coverage area 26 of the scanning galvanometer group 2 , to ensure that the powder bed laying and the laser scanning process do not affect each other; secondly, since the scanning galvanometer group 2 works in a "flying" state, in order to ensure powder melting and avoid scanning trajectory distortion, the control system 10 needs to control the scanning galvanometer group 2 for motion compensation matching the speed V; thirdly, the motion speed V of the mobile worktable 27 needs to be adjusted in conjunction with the scanning filling area inside the effective processing coverage area 26, so as to ensure that the scanning track is always located in the scanning galvanometer group 2 effective processing inside the coverage area 26;

(3) The mobile workbench 27 continues to move to the left at a constant speed V along the powder spreading direction, and while the metal powder layer is being laid, it is subjected to selective melting and deposition by the laser beam. Afterwards, the forming cylinder 16 leaves the second one-way powder spreader 6 and below the scanning galvanometer group 2 one after another, and the laying of the metal powder layer and the melting deposition of the selected area are completed;

(4) The mobile workbench 27 continues to move to the left at a constant speed along the powder spreading direction, and the second one-way powder spreading device 6 sends the possible remaining metal powder into the second powder recovery cylinder 8;

(5) The mobile workbench 27 continues to move to the left at a constant speed V along the powder spreading direction until the second powder recovery cylinder 8 and the forming cylinder 16 are respectively located on both sides of the lower end of the first one-way powder spreader 5 . Thereafter, according to the single-layer powder thickness increment T during the additive manufacturing process, the single flow rate of the first powder storage hopper 3 is adjusted to provide the first one-way powder spreader 5 with a one-time supply of powder that meets the weight required for single-layer powder spread. Metal powder; the forming substrate 14 descends the same distance as the deposition thickness T;

(6) The mobile workbench 27 moves to the right at a constant speed V along the powder spreading direction. After the forming cylinder 16 moves to the bottom of the first one-way powder spreading device 5, the first one-way powder spreading device 5 begins to lay on the surface of the forming cylinder 16. A new layer of metal powder of thickness T is evenly laid down. The mobile workbench 27 continues to move rightward at a constant speed V along the powder spreading direction, and while laying a new layer of metal powder, it is melted and deposited by the laser beam on its selected area. Afterwards, the forming cylinder 16 moves away from the first one-way powder spreader 5 and below the scanning galvanometer group 2, and the laying of a new layer of metal powder and the melting and deposition of selected areas are completed. The mobile workbench 27 continues to move to the right at a constant speed V along the powder spreading direction, and the first one-way powder spreader 5 sends the possible remaining metal powder into the first powder recovery cylinder 7 . The mobile workbench 27 continues to move to the right at a constant speed V along the powder spreading direction until the first powder recovery cylinder 7 and the forming cylinder 16 are respectively located on both sides of the lower end of the second one-way powder spreader 6 . The shaped substrate 14 is lowered by the same distance as the deposition thickness T;

(7) Repeat steps (1) to (6) until the rapid prototyping of metal parts is completed. the

As an improvement to the first and second specific implementation methods of the above-mentioned high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment for large metal parts, in order to further improve the forming efficiency and avoid the single-layer powder thickness increment T being large, the first one-way The excessive metal powder in front of the powder spreader 5 and the second one-way powder spreader 6 hinders the relative movement of the one-way powder spreader and the working plane, and the following improvements can be made: as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4, the first The powder storage hopper 3 and the second powder storage hopper 4 continuously supply the powder raw materials during the powder supply and the relative movement between the scanning module 1 and the working plane respectively. The feeding speed of the first powder storage hopper 3 and the second powder storage hopper 4 It can be adjusted according to the actual situation, and it can meet the uniform laying of a metal powder layer with a specific thickness. the

Example 3

On the basis of the equipment shown in Figure 1, the first one-way powder spreader 5 and the second one-way powder spreader 6 are removed, and a two-way powder spreader 30 is added to form the high-energy beam additive manufacturing involved in the present invention The third specific implementation manner of large metal parts is shown in FIG. 5 . the

The workbench is still composed of the first powder recovery cylinder 7, the second powder recovery cylinder 8 and the forming cylinder 16, and remains stationary inside the working chamber 9. It should be noted that the "stationary" state defined here refers to the absolute stillness of the components inside the workbench along the powder spreading direction. The first powder recovery cylinder 7 and the second powder recovery cylinder 8 are still located on both sides of the forming cylinder 16 respectively. The upper surfaces of the first powder recovery cylinder 7, the second powder recovery cylinder 8 and the forming cylinder 16 are still coplanar and form a working plane. The first powder storage hopper 3 and the second powder storage hopper 4 are located above the working plane and fixed inside the working chamber 9. The lower end of the first powder storage hopper 3 is between the first powder recovery cylinder 7 and the forming cylinder 16. The second powder storage hopper The lower end of the bucket 4 is between the second powder recovery cylinder 8 and the forming cylinder 16 . The two-way powder spreader 30 is located below the first powder storage hopper 3 and the second powder storage hopper 4 to receive the powder supplied therefrom, and is used for two-way powder spread on the surface of the forming cylinder 16 . The lower end of the two-way powder spreader 30 is parallel to the working plane, and a working gap is reserved to facilitate the powder to flow out and scrape off. With the assistance of high-precision screw rods, sliders and other structures, the two-way powder spreader 30 can reciprocate along the powder spread direction. the

The scanning galvanometer group 2 is located above the working chamber 9, and can also reciprocate along the powder spreading direction with the assistance of high-precision screw rods, sliders and other structures. The arrangement of the control system 10 and the gas purification module 11 is still consistent with the first embodiment of the high energy beam additive manufacturing equipment. The control system 10 is used to regulate the cooperative work of the scanning galvanometer group 2 , the two-way powder spreader 30 , the first powder storage hopper 3 , the second powder storage hopper 4 , the workbench and the gas purification module 11 . the

The control method of the method of manufacturing large-scale metal parts using the third specific implementation of high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment is:

(1) Place the two-way powder spreader 30 under the first powder storage hopper 3, and according to the accuracy requirements of the parts, design the single-layer powder thickness increment T in the additive manufacturing process, and adjust the single-layer powder thickness of the first powder storage hopper 3 The flow rate is to provide the two-way powder spreader 30 with metal powder that meets the weight required for single-layer powder spreading at one time;

(2) The two-way powder spreader 30 moves to the right at a constant speed V along the powder spread direction, and after moving to the surface of the forming cylinder 16, a metal powder layer with a thickness of T is evenly laid on the surface of the forming cylinder 16; the two-way powder spreader 30 After moving for a certain time t, the scanning galvanometer group 2 starts to move to the right at a uniform speed V along the powder spreading direction from the upper left of the two-way powder spreading device 30 . At this time, as shown in Figure 6, the two-way powder spreader 30 has laid a layer of metal powder layer 25 with a thickness T on its left side, and this layer of powder can be positioned above the deposited part 12 or above the powder bed 13. . The two-way powder spreader 30 and the scanning galvanometer group 2 continue to move to the right along the powder spreading direction at a speed V, and drive the effective processing coverage area 26 of the scanning galvanometer group 2 to move to the right together until the planned scanning and filling path enters effective processing Inside the coverage area 26 , the scanning galvanometer group 2 performs selective fusion deposition on the metal powder layer 25 at this time. It is worth noting that: first, during scanning, the distance S between the centerline of the scanning galvanometer group 2 and the two-way powder spreader 30 should be kept greater than the radius of the effective processing coverage area 26 of the scanning galvanometer group 2, so as to ensure that the powder bed laying and laser The scanning process does not affect each other; secondly, since the scanning galvanometer group 2 works in the "flying" state, in order to ensure the powder melting and avoid the distortion of the scanning trajectory, the control system 10 needs to compare the scanning trajectory of the scanning galvanometer group 2 with the speed V Matched motion compensation; third, the motion speed V of the two-way powder spreader 30 and the scanning galvanometer group 2 needs to be adjusted in conjunction with the specific scanning filling area, so as to ensure that the scanning trajectory is always within the effective processing coverage area 26 of the scanning galvanometer group 22 ;

(3) The two-way powder spreader 30 and the scanning galvanometer group 2 continue to move to the right at a constant speed V along the powder spread direction, and while the metal powder layer 25 is being laid, it is melted and deposited by a laser beam. Afterwards, the two-way powder spreader 30 and the scanning galvanometer group 2 leave the surface of the forming cylinder 16 successively, and the laying of the metal powder layer 25 and the melting deposition of the selected area are completed;

(4) The movement of the scanning galvanometer group 2 stops, and the two-way powder spreading device 30 continues to move to the right at a constant speed V along the powder spreading direction, and sends the possible remaining metal powder into the second powder recovery cylinder 8;

(5) The two-way powder spreader 30 moves to the left under the second powder storage hopper 4 at a constant speed V along the powder spread direction, and adjusts the second powder storage hopper 4 according to the single-layer powder thickness increment T in the additive manufacturing process. The single flow rate provides the two-way powder spreader 30 with metal powder that meets the weight required for single-layer powder spreading at one time; the forming substrate 14 descends the same distance as the deposition thickness T;

(6) The two-way powder spreading device 30 moves to the left at a constant speed V along the powder spreading direction, and begins to evenly lay a new metal powder layer with a thickness T on the surface of the forming cylinder 16 after moving to the surface of the forming cylinder 16. After the two-way powder spreader 30 moves for a certain time t, the scanning galvanometer group 2 starts to move to the left along the powder spread direction at the same speed V from the top right of the two-way powder spreader 30, and lays a new layer on the two-way powder spreader 30. A layer of metal powder is melted and deposited on its selective area at the same time. Afterwards, the two-way powder spreader 30 and the scanning galvanometer group 2 leave the surface of the forming cylinder 16 successively, and the laying of a new layer of metal powder and the selective melting and deposition are completed. The movement of the scanning galvanometer group 2 stops, and the two-way powder spreader 30 continues to move to the left at a constant speed V along the powder spread direction, and sends the possible remaining metal powder into the first powder recovery cylinder 7 . The shaped substrate 14 is lowered by the same distance as the deposition thickness T;

(7) Repeat steps (1) to (6) until the rapid prototyping of metal parts is completed. the

The high-energy beams used in Examples 1 to 3 are all laser beams. If the high-energy beam adopted is not a laser beam but an electron beam, the scanning galvanometer group 2 in the equipment involved in the above-mentioned embodiment will be replaced by an electron beam deflector group 31 with a magnetic field, and as a high-energy beam scanning generator is High Energy Beam Additive Manufacturing provides the energy. As shown in FIG. 7 , the electron beam deflector group 31 is composed of m magnetic deflection systems 33 ₁ , 33 ₂ , . . . , 33 _m arranged in a line perpendicular to the powder spreading direction. The magnetic deflection system 33 is composed of a magnetic deflection device and an electron gun. The effective processing coverage diameter of each magnetic deflection system perpendicular to the powder spreading direction is k, and the product of the number m and k of the magnetic deflection system should be equal to the size L of the forming cylinder 16 perpendicular to the powder spreading direction, that is, to satisfy m*k= L. When electron beams are used as the processing energy source, the gas purification module 11 still forms a closed space with the working chamber 9, and vacuumizes the interior of the working chamber 9 before the start of high-energy beam additive manufacturing, so that the internal vacuum degree of the working chamber 9 meets E-beam work requirements.

The implementation manner of another structure of the high-energy beam scanning generator in the above-mentioned embodiments is given below. the

As shown in FIG. 8 , the high-energy beam scanning generator is still composed of a series of galvanometer systems 18 (magnetic deflection systems 33 ), wherein the structures of the galvanometer systems 18 (magnetic deflection systems 33 ) are the same as those of the previous embodiments. Galvo system (magnetic deflection system ) are arranged in a straight line perpendicular to the powder spreading direction, and constitute the first column of energy sources. Galvo system (magnetic deflection system ) are arranged in a straight line perpendicular to the powder spreading direction, and constitute the second column of energy sources. The energy source in the second column is placed on the right side of the energy source in the first column, and together with the energy source in the first column forms the double-row scanning galvanometer group 2 (double-row electron beam deflector group 31). For each row of energy sources, the product of the number h of the vibrating mirror system 18 (magnetic deflection system 33) and its effective processing coverage diameter f perpendicular to the powder spreading direction should be equal to the size L of the forming cylinder 16 perpendicular to the powder spreading direction, namely h*f=L is satisfied. According to the above arrangement, according to the size of parts and processing efficiency requirements, the third energy source or even the gth energy source can be further added on the right side of the second energy source, thereby forming a multi-row scanning galvanometer group 2 (multiple row electron beam deflector group 31). When applying double-row/multi-row scanning galvanometer group 2 (dual-row/multi-row electron beam deflector group 31) for high-energy beam additive manufacturing of large parts, accompanied by double-row/multi-row scanning galvanometer group 2 (double-row Row/multiple rows of electron beam deflector groups 31) and the relative movement of the worktable, each galvanometer system (magnetic deflection system ) remain relatively stationary, and simultaneously perform selective fusion deposition on the powder beds within their respective effective processing coverages according to the planned scanning filling path. It is worth noting that: first, the first one-way powder spreader 5, the second one-way powder spreader 6 or the two-way powder spreader 30 and the double-row/multi-row scanning galvanometer group 2 (double-row/multi-row electron beam The distance of the center line of the deflector group 31) should meet the requirement that the first one-way powder spreader 5, the second one-way powder spreader 6 and the two-way powder spreader 30 are not in each vibrating mirror system. (magnetic deflection system ) within the effective processing coverage area to ensure that the powder bed laying and the high-energy beam scanning process do not affect each other; When working in the "flying" state, in order to ensure powder melting and avoid scanning trajectory distortion, the control system needs to control the vibration mirror system (magnetic deflection system ) of the scanning track to match the motion compensation with the velocity V; third, the relative motion velocity V of the double-row/multi-row scanning galvanometer group 2 (double-row/multi-row electron beam deflector group 31) and the working plane needs to be combined The specific scanning fill area is adjusted to ensure that each galvanometer system (magnetic deflection system )’s scanning trajectory is always within its effective processing coverage area.

As a supplement to the above-mentioned many embodiments, in order to further improve the forming efficiency of high-energy beam additive manufacturing, when using the high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment involved in the above-mentioned embodiments to manufacture large-scale metal parts, a continuous The control method for adjusting the relative velocity V between the workbench and the high-energy beam scanning generator is shown in Figure 9. the

The control system slices according to the CAD model of the metal parts to obtain the scanning filling trajectory of the current processing layer. The filling area can be divided into multiple areas along the powder spreading direction according to the size of the area, such as three areas S ₁ , S ₂ , and S ₃ . Without loss of generality, it is assumed that the size relationship of the three regions is S ₁ <S ₂ <S ₃ . According to the filling areas of the three areas and the actual high-energy beam scanning parameters, under the premise of ensuring that the scanning trajectory is always within the effective processing coverage of the high-energy beam scanning generator, different settings can be made for the three areas _S1 , _S2 , and _S3 . The relative speed between the table and the high-energy beam scanning generator, that is, V ₁ , V ₂ , V ₃ , and make the size relationship of V ₁ , V ₂ , V ₃ satisfy V ₁ >V ₂ >V ₃ .

Among all the above-mentioned embodiments, the high-energy beam scanning generator performs the output and selective scanning of the high-energy beam in the "flying" state of relative motion with the worktable. In order to ensure powder melting and avoid distortion of the scanning trajectory, the control system needs to control the Motion compensation is performed on the scanning trajectory of the beam scanning generator, which obviously increases the requirements for the data processing capability of the control system, thereby increasing the cost of high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment to a certain extent. Therefore, in order to balance the efficiency and cost of high-energy beam additive manufacturing, a step-by-step high-energy beam scanning method can also be used. At this time, the specific control process based on the high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment involved in embodiments 1 and 2 is as follows:

(1) Place the powder supply and scanning module 1 on the upper left of the working plane, wherein the lower end of the second one-way powder spreader 6 is placed between the first powder recovery cylinder 7 and the forming cylinder 16 . According to the accuracy requirements of the parts, the single-layer powder thickness increment T in the additive manufacturing process is designed, and the single flow rate of the second powder storage hopper 4 is adjusted to provide the second one-way powder spreader 6 to meet the needs of single-layer powder spread. metal powder by weight;

(2) The powder supply and scanning module 1 moves to the right relative to the working plane along the powder spreading direction. The second unidirectional powder spreader 6 relatively moves to the surface of the forming cylinder 16 and begins to evenly lay a metal powder layer with a thickness of T on the surface of the forming cylinder 16; the powder supply and scanning module 1 continues to move to the right relative to the working plane along the powder spreading direction, And drive the effective processing coverage area of the high-energy beam scanning generator to move relative to the right together, until the effective processing coverage area enters the forming cylinder 16 tops completely and stops. At this time, as shown in Figure 10(a), the left boundary of the effective processing coverage area 26 of the high-energy beam scanning generator just coincides with the left boundary of the molding cylinder 16, and the first one-way powder spreader 5 and the second one-way powder spreader The powderers 6 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the effective processing coverage area 26 to ensure that the powder bed laying and the high-energy beam scanning process do not affect each other. The high-energy beam scanning generator selectively scans the powder bed inside the effective processing coverage area 26 according to the graphic data provided by the control system slice;

(3) As shown in Figure 10(b), after the scanning of the powder bed inside the effective processing coverage area 26 is completed, the powder supply and scanning module 1 moves to the right relative to the working plane along the powder spreading direction, and drives the high-energy beam scanning generator The effective processing coverage area 26 moves to the right relative to the working plane along the powder spreading direction for a distance equivalent to the diameter D of the effective processing coverage area 26 and then stops. The high-energy beam scanning generator again performs selective scanning according to the graphic data provided by the control system slice. Process the powder bed inside the coverage area 26;

(4) Afterwards, the powder supply and scanning module 1 continues to make a stepping motion with a stepping distance equal to the diameter D of an effective processing coverage area 26 to the right along the powder spreading direction relative to the working plane according to the aforementioned method, after each stepping distance , the high-energy beam scanning generator selectively scans the powder bed inside the effective processing coverage area 26 according to the graphic data provided by the control system slice, until the scanning of all graphic data of the current processing layer is completed; the powder supply and scanning module 1 continues along the powder spreading direction Moving to the right relative to the working plane, the second one-way powder spreader 6 sends the possible remaining metal powder into the second powder recovery cylinder 8;

(5) The powder supply and scanning module 1 continues to move to the right relative to the working plane along the powder spreading direction until the lower end of the first one-way powder spreading device 5 moves between the second powder recovery cylinder 8 and the forming cylinder 16 . Thereafter, according to the single-layer powder thickness increment T during the additive manufacturing process, the single flow rate of the first powder storage hopper 3 is adjusted to provide the first one-way powder spreader 5 with a one-time supply of powder that meets the weight required for single-layer powder spread. Metal powder; the shaped substrate 14 descends the same distance as the deposition thickness T;

(6) The powder supply and scanning module 1 moves to the left relative to the working plane along the powder spreading direction. After the first one-way powder spreader 5 moves to the surface of the forming cylinder 16, it begins to uniformly lay a new layer of metal powder with a thickness of T on the surface of the forming cylinder 16. The powder supply and scanning module 1 continues to move to the left relative to the working plane along the powder spreading direction, and drives the effective processing coverage area of the high-energy beam scanning generator to move relatively to the left until the effective processing coverage area of the high-energy beam scanning generator is 26 to the right. The side boundary coincides with the right boundary of the molding cylinder 16 and then stops. The first one-way powder spreader 5 and the second one-way powder spreader 6 are still symmetrically distributed on both sides of the effective processing coverage area 26 to ensure that the powder bed laying and high-energy The beam scanning process does not affect each other. The high-energy beam scanning generator selectively scans the powder bed inside the effective processing coverage area 26 according to the graphic data provided by the control system slice;

(7) The powder supply and scanning module 1 continues to make a stepping motion with a stepping distance equal to the diameter D of an effective processing coverage area 26 to the left along the powder spreading direction relative to the working plane. After each stepping distance, the high-energy beam scans the generator According to the graphic data provided by the control system slice, selectively scan the powder bed inside the effective processing coverage area 26 until the scanning of all the graphic data of the current processing layer is completed; then, the powder supply and scanning module 1 continues along the powder spreading direction relative to the working plane direction Moving to the left, the first one-way powder spreader 5 sends the possible remaining metal powder into the first powder recovery cylinder 7 . The powder supply and scanning module 1 continues to move to the left relative to the working plane along the powder spreading direction until the lower end of the second one-way powder spreading device 6 moves between the first powder recovery cylinder 7 and the forming cylinder 16 . The shaped substrate 14 is lowered by the same distance as the deposition thickness T;

(8) Steps (1) to (7) are repeated until the final forming of the metal parts is completed. the

Adopting the step-by-step high-energy beam scanning method, on the one hand, can avoid the output and selective scanning of high-energy beams in the "flying" state of the high-energy beam scanning generator, reduce equipment costs, and further ensure the accuracy and surface quality of parts; on the other hand On the one hand, the laying of the powder bed is still synchronized with the movement of the high-energy beam scanning generator, which can still greatly shorten the "waiting time" caused by the preset powder bed when using conventional high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment for processing, thereby ensuring high-energy The efficiency of beam additive manufacturing. Obviously, the step-by-step high-energy beam scanning method can also be applied to the high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment involved in Embodiment 3. At this time, the specific control process is as follows:

(1) Place the two-way powder spreader 30 under the first powder storage hopper 3, and according to the accuracy requirements of the parts, design the single-layer powder thickness increment T in the additive manufacturing process, and adjust the single-layer powder thickness of the first powder storage hopper 3 The flow rate is to provide the two-way powder spreader 30 with metal powder that meets the weight required for single-layer powder spreading at one time;

(2) The two-way powder spreader 30 moves to the right at a uniform speed along the powder spread direction, and after moving to the surface of the forming cylinder 16, a metal powder layer with a thickness of T is evenly laid on the surface of the forming cylinder 16; the two-way powder spreader 30 moves for a certain time t Finally, the high-energy beam scanning generator starts to move to the right along the powder spreading direction at the same speed from the upper left of the two-way powder spreading device 30, and drives the effective processing coverage area 26 of the high-energy beam scanning generator to move to the right together. When the left boundary of the effective processing coverage area 26 coincides with the left boundary of the molding cylinder 16, the movement of the two-way powder spreader 30 and the high-energy beam scanning generator stops. The two-way powder spreader 30 is located on the right side of the effective processing coverage area 26 to ensure that the powder bed laying and the high-energy beam scanning process do not affect each other. The high-energy beam scanning generator selectively scans the powder bed inside the effective processing coverage area 26 according to the graphic data provided by the control system slice;

(3) After the powder bed scanning inside the effective processing coverage area 26 is completed, the two-way powder spreader 30 and the high-energy beam scanning generator continue to move to the right along the powder spreading direction at the same speed for a distance equivalent to the diameter D of the effective processing coverage area 26 After stopping, the high-energy beam scanning generator selectively scans the powder bed inside the effective processing coverage area 26 again according to the graphic data provided by the control system slice;

(4) After that, the two-way powder spreading device 30 and the high-energy beam scanning generator continue to do stepping motions with the same speed along the powder spreading direction to the right and equal to the stepping motion of an effective processing coverage area 26 diameters D in the aforementioned manner. After a step distance, the high-energy beam scanning generator selectively scans the powder bed inside the effective processing coverage area 26 according to the graphic data provided by the control system slice until the scanning of all graphic data of the current processing layer is completed;

(5) The motion of the high-energy beam scanning generator stops, and the two-way powder spreader 30 continues to move to the right along the powder spread direction, and the possible remaining metal powder is sent into the second powder recovery cylinder 8;

(6) The two-way powder spreader 30 moves leftward along the powder spread direction to the bottom of the second powder storage hopper 4, and adjusts the single flow rate of the second powder storage hopper 4 according to the single-layer powder thickness increment T during the additive manufacturing process , for the two-way powder spreader 30 provides a one-time supply of metal powder that meets the weight required for single-layer powder spreading; the forming substrate 14 descends the same distance as the deposition thickness T;

(7) The two-way powder spreader 30 moves to the left at a constant speed along the powder spread direction, and starts to evenly lay a new metal powder layer with a thickness T on the surface of the forming cylinder 16 after moving to the surface of the forming cylinder 16 . After the two-way powder spreader 30 moves for a certain time t, the high-energy beam scanning generator starts to move from the upper right side of the two-way powder spreader 30 to the left at the same speed along the powder spreading direction, and drives the high-energy beam scanning generator to effectively process and cover The area moves to the left together until the right boundary of the effective processing coverage area 26 of the high-energy beam scanning generator coincides with the right boundary of the forming cylinder 16 and then stops. At this time, the two-way powder spreader 30 is located on the left side of the effective processing coverage area 26 to ensure that the powder bed laying and the high-energy beam scanning process do not interfere with each other. The high-energy beam scanning generator selectively scans the powder bed inside the effective processing coverage area 26 according to the graphic data provided by the control system slice;

(8) Afterwards, the two-way powder spreader 30 and the high-energy beam scanning generator continue to follow the aforementioned method, and do a stepping motion to the left along the powder spreading direction at the same speed with a stepping distance equal to an effective processing coverage area 26 diameters D. After a step distance, the high-energy beam scanning generator selectively scans the powder bed inside the effective processing coverage area 26 according to the graphic data provided by the control system slice until the scanning of all graphic data of the current processing layer is completed;

(9) The movement of the high-energy beam scanning generator stops, and the two-way powder spreader 30 continues to move to the left along the powder spread direction, and sends the possible remaining metal powder into the first powder recovery cylinder 7 . The shaped substrate 14 is lowered by the same distance as the deposition thickness T;

(10) Repeat steps (1) to (9) until the rapid prototyping of metal parts is completed. the

The above descriptions are only preferred examples of the utility model, but the utility model should not be limited to the content disclosed in the above examples and accompanying drawings. Any equivalent or modification completed without departing from the spirit disclosed by the utility model should still be considered within the protection scope of the utility model. the

Claims (6)

1. A high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment for large-scale metal parts, characterized in that the equipment includes a working chamber (9), a workbench, a control system (10) and a gas purification module (11); The workbench includes a first powder recovery cylinder (7), a second powder recovery cylinder (8) and a forming cylinder (16), and the first powder recovery cylinder (7) and the second powder recovery cylinder (8) are respectively located in the forming cylinder (16) both sides, and are all located in the working chamber (9), the upper surfaces of the first powder recovery cylinder (7), the second powder recovery cylinder (8) and the forming cylinder (16) are coplanar to form a working plane; gas purification The module (11) forms a closed cycle with the working chamber (9) through the air inlet and the air outlet; The equipment also includes a high-energy beam scanning generator, a first powder storage hopper (3), a second powder storage hopper (4) and a powder spreader, and the control system (10) is connected with the high-energy beam scanning generator, the first powder storage hopper (3), the second powder storage hopper (4), the powder spreader, the workbench and the gas purification module (11) are connected and controlled to work together; The high-energy beam scanning generator is located above the working chamber (9), and the first powder storage hopper (3), the second powder storage hopper (4) and the powder spreader are located inside the working chamber (9); the first powder storage hopper (3) , the second powder storage hopper (4) is respectively located on both sides of the high-energy beam scanning generator, and the powder spreader is located under the first powder storage hopper (3) and the second powder storage hopper (4) to receive the powder supply thereof, And be used for carrying out two-way spreading powder on the surface of forming cylinder (16); The workbench or the high-energy beam scanning generator is provided with a motion mechanism. 2. The equipment for high-energy beam additive manufacturing of large-scale metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-energy beam scanning generator, the first powder storage hopper (3), the second powder storage hopper (4 ), the powder spreader is fixedly installed on the motion mechanism, and together constitute the powder supply and scanning module (1); The powder spreader is composed of a first one-way powder spreader (5) and a second one-way powder spreader (6). The first powder storage hopper (3) and the second powder storage hopper (4) scan the generator with a high-energy beam The center line of the high-energy beam scanning generator is a mirror image distribution for reference. The first unidirectional powder spreader (5) and the second unidirectional powder spreader (6) are also mirrored with the center line of the high-energy beam scanning generator. The first unidirectional powder spreader The powder spreader (5) and the second one-way powder spreader (6) are respectively located directly below the first powder storage hopper (3) and the second powder storage hopper (4). 3. The equipment for high-energy beam additive manufacturing of large-scale metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-energy beam scanning generator, the first powder storage hopper (3), the second powder storage hopper (4 ), the powder spreader is fixedly installed in the middle of the working chamber (9), and together constitute the powder supply and scanning module (1); wherein, the first powder storage hopper (3) and the second powder storage hopper (4) scan with high-energy beams to generate The center line of the device is a mirror image distribution; the powder spreader is composed of the first one-way powder spreader (5) and the second one-way powder spreader (6), the first one-way powder spreader (5) and the second one-way powder spreader (5) The one-way powder spreader (6) is respectively located directly below the first powder storage hopper (3) and the second powder storage hopper (4), and is distributed in a mirror image with the centerline of the high-energy beam scanning generator as a reference; The workbench is installed on the workbench transmission mechanism (28). 4. The equipment for high-energy beam additive manufacturing of large-scale metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that the powder spreader is a two-way powder spreader (30), the first powder storage hopper (3) and the second powder storage The powder hopper (4) is respectively fixed on both sides of the upper part of the working chamber (9), and the high-energy beam scanning generator and the two-way powder spreader (30) are respectively provided with movement mechanisms. 5. The equipment for high-energy beam additive manufacturing of large-scale metal parts according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the high-energy beam is a laser beam, and the high-energy beam scanning generator is a scanning galvanometer The scanning galvanometer group consists of one or more columns of galvanometer systems placed in parallel perpendicular to the powder spreading direction. The gas purification module (11) is used to make the inside of the working chamber (9) an inert protective gas environment. 6. The equipment for high-energy beam additive manufacturing of large-scale metal parts according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the high-energy beam is an electron beam, and the high-energy beam scanning generator is an electron beam deflector The electron beam deflector group is composed of one or more magnetic deflection systems placed in parallel perpendicular to the powder spreading direction, and the gas purification module is used to make the inside of the working chamber (9) a vacuum environment.