CN2033957U - Power factor compensating apparatus with computer - Google Patents
Power factor compensating apparatus with computer Download PDFInfo
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- CN2033957U CN2033957U CN 88211425 CN88211425U CN2033957U CN 2033957 U CN2033957 U CN 2033957U CN 88211425 CN88211425 CN 88211425 CN 88211425 U CN88211425 U CN 88211425U CN 2033957 U CN2033957 U CN 2033957U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a power factor compensation apparatus with computer, belonging to the field of power factor automatic compensation control. The utility model is a multifunctional device which can measure power factor, frequency, real power and reactive power; the utility model is characterized in that the utility model utilizes a computer to time to measure the power factor and frequency, and utilizes an indirect method to measure the power; the control method is double-rhythmic, and namely, when the utility model is in a control state, the throw in/off of the electric capacitor is fast of rhythm and continuous, and the utility model goes into a state slow rhythm and long time delay after accurate throw in. The utility model is provided with a self-checking function.
Description
The utility model relates to and has the Computerized power-factor compensation arrangement, and this device can also be measured power factor, frequency and active power, reactive power.
Power factor is an important indicator of low-voltage distribution networking power supply quality.When power factor is crossed when low, exerting oneself of distribution transformer will be had a strong impact on, cause the increase of line loss, no matter be from energy-conservation angle or from giving full play to the angle of transformer capacity, it is very necessary improving power factor, the natural power factor of general enterprise lags behind, and this is because most of load is inductive load one motor.Therefore improve power factor and just mean capacitive load one electric capacitor that drops into some on electric power distribution network, so that the inductive load of small electromotor one class, the low-voltage capacitance cabinet is exactly in order to reach this effect.Because the inductive load in the enterprise is often to change, so the input quantity of electric capacitor is also answered respective change, this is to be controlled by the equipment that a class is called compensating controller.
Disclosed technology shows that the relatively more advanced controller of two classes is arranged.Wherein first kind controller is the controller with computer, it can be by the long set time of user's setting every one section, just measure the reactive power at networking comparatively exactly, and can from N the output capacitance loop that has the no mechanical equivalent that varies in size, select only some loops to drop into the networking, with optimum value that reaches power factor or the reactive power minimum that makes the networking.Second quasi-controller also can be every one section reactive power or the power factor that can just be measured a networking by the set time that the user is provided with, but according to the method that recycles each output loop, can only drop into or cut out a loop in N the output loop that has identical no mechanical equivalent, progressively to reach the purpose of improving power factor.
The advantage of above-mentioned first kind controller is to compensate rapidly, and the power factor at networking is reached in the scope of setting.Its shortcoming is to adopt comparatively complicated reactive power testing circuit, and cost is higher, and the certainty of measurement of active power is also relevant with the ratio of current transformer; In addition, adjust the instantaneous surge that some break-makes that have the loop of bigger no mechanical equivalent can cause electrical network simultaneously.The advantage of above-mentioned second quasi-controller is that cost is lower, and adjusting is more stably.Its shortcoming is that the regulated quantity that can carry out in each cycle is a changeless switching, when the regulated quantity that requires when the loop is big, the regulating cycle phase strain that needs is big, so that often can't make power factor adjust to satisfied value in the short period of time, if regulate the speed to shorten cycle time and attempt to improve, then often dislike again and adjust the rapid wear that action causes the output switch too much and easily.
The controller of the above-mentioned first kind or second class, they all only have pointer-type or digital power factor indicator at most, and when not having current signal having only power supply, the fault that controller oneself can not inspection itself.
Known to the applicant be: the 1. ZKW-of Beijing No.2 Switch Factory II type power-factor compensator specification with above-mentioned controller file associated; 2. the auto power-factor compensating device specification of West Germany BBC company; 3. the computer power-factor compensator specification produced of strain state factory.
The purpose of this utility model is: provide a kind of improved have a Computerized power-factor compensation arrangement, be inexpensive, can measure power factor in degree of precision ground again, it is carried out binodal and plays control mode, promptly when requiring big regulated quantity, can one by one regulate comparatively reposefully and have the break-make that equivalent does not have the capacitor loop of mechanical equivalent in fast pace ground by the principle of switching cycle, make as early as possible in the scope of the setting that power factor reaches, just enter long constant time lag process of the time that can be set by the user afterwards, go round and begin again the speed combination.
Another purpose of the present utility model be to provide a kind of improved have a Computerized power-factor compensation arrangement, according to this device, do not adopt electrodynamic type or moving-coil instrument principle, can measure within the specific limits and show power factor and frequency, thereby make this device become a multi-functional device.
Another purpose of the present utility model be to provide a kind of improved have a Computerized power-factor compensation arrangement, according to this device, when load is stablized, can be within the specific limits, do not adopt traditional magneto-electric or DYN dynamic instrument principle, do not adopt voltage, electric current or power transducer yet, and adopt round-about way, can measure the meritorious and reactive power of load, thereby make this device become a multi-functional device.
Another purpose of the present utility model be to provide a kind of improved have a Computerized power-factor compensation arrangement, according to this device, can not have under the condition of current signal only power supply being arranged, just can make this device enter the self check state, when hardware and software are errorless, the output loop of this device can be pressed a sequence break-make automatically, and shows a prompt, and it is more than to go round and begin again.
Below content of the present utility model will be described
The utility model structurally except that power supply, comprises six parts: (1) is for becoming alternating voltage and current signal the zero crossing detection device of pulse signal; (2) voltage comparator device; (3) computer and expansion; (4) switching value output device; (5) switching value input unit; (6) display unit.
Wherein the effect of zero passage survey checking device is that voltage or current signal through the instrument transformer amount of decrease are become pulse signal by AC sine wave; pulse results from sinusoidal wave zero passage constantly; pulsewidth is less than 200 μ s; this pulse causes the interruption of computer on the one hand; also import the mouth of computer on the other hand; use as detecting; the effect of voltage comparator is when the certain percentage of supply voltage overrate; for example 15%; can make and be output as high level; regularly detect basis for estimation by computer as overvoltage protection; can use single board computer or single-chip microcomputer as processor; need expand necessary mouth when using single-chip microcomputer, the utility model has a switching value output, and the mouth of computer removes control relay or controllable silicon again after driving.Display of the present utility model can be used the LED charactron, adds gating signal with common seven segment code font, and can solve satisfactorily needs content displayed; In order to reduce the number of charactron, can make power factor, frequency, power share a display, timesharing shows this three amounts.
The detection of power factor is by measuring voltage and adjacent phase current zero-crossing timing difference △ t
φCarry out; Frequency is by the adjacent twice zero-crossing timing difference △ t of in-phase voltage
fCarry out; When load is steady,, can extrapolate the meritorious and reactive power of actual loading this moment by computer by measuring the power factor of the electric capacity front and back of dropping into or cutting out one road known no mechanical equivalent.The no mechanical equivalent of electric capacity is imported to computer by the user, △ t
φActual is the △ t that obtains through digital filtering
φ
When real work, computer is by long time work period periodic duty again and again that can be set by the user.△ t measures in first in the work period
φWith △ t
fCalculate corresponding power factor and frequency immediately, computational calculation power, according to the value of power factor and set point relatively, determine to drop into or to cut out electric capacity, if need switching, promptly press the principle of circulation break-make, switch on or off a loop, enter first part of work period after about two seconds again again, measure △ t once more
φWith △ t
f, so repeatedly, enter the scope of setting up to the power factor that records, then enter the work period second partly, i.e. the time-delay of long period shows physical quantitys such as power factor, frequency, power this moment.
All can make this device enter parameter input attitude at any time by panel control switch, the parameter of main input has: the power factor upper limit, power factor lower limit, the idle equivalents of the electric capacitor of long delay work period and the actual attaching of every output loop, where necessary, can also import the loop number of customer requirements control.
When the self check state, computer is by a parameter list job of setting in advance.
The utility model is compared with the controller of prior art, mainly has the following advantages:
Control performance at first of the present utility model is the combination of the advantage of two kinds of prior arts, when the needs switching, the utility model is skished continuously by the principle fast pace ground of circulation break-make, compare with the first kind controller of prior art, the electrical network surge of having avoided big capacity switch on and off to bring, regulate comparatively steadily, and the time of skishing only differs the several seconds.Then more faster than second quasi-controller.
Secondly the utility model makes full use of computing, the storage capability of computer, can numeral show power factor, frequency and meritorious and reactive power, the precision of power factor is 0.01, the precision of frequency is 0.1, the precision of power is less than 5%, it is very practical that these three digital ammeters are incorporated into a power factor compensation device, and the approval through suitable can replace original instrument on the capacitor box.
Once more, the utlity model has self-checking function, the user can check the utility model as the later quality of commodity with this self-checking function very easily, also is very useful for all kinds of tests aborning.
Fig. 1 is the comparison of the utility model and the prior art first kind and second class control curve, and wherein (1) is control curve of the present utility model, and (2) are the control curve of first kind controller, and (3) are the control curve of second quasi-controller.(1) curve is better than (2), (3) obviously as can be seen.
Fig. 2 is zero-crossing detector circuit, wherein IC
1Be operational amplifier; IC
2, IC
3Be the TTL NAND gate.Send into the input Vi of this zero-crossing detector by voltage or the secondary sinusoidal voltage that obtains of current transformer or current signal, through IC
1After obtain frequency and the phase place square-wave signal consistent with signal, the negative half period of this square wave is clipped by DW, by IC
2, IC
3, the integral form monostable trigger-action circuit formed of Rt, Ct output V
0Phase place of end output and the frequency burst pulse consistent with original signal, the width of this burst pulse is: voltage signal is less than 200 μ s, and current signal is less than 200 μ s.
Fig. 3 is voltage comparator circuit, wherein IC
1, IC
2Be the TTL inverter.The input signal of this circuit is taken from the line voltage through step-down and rectification, by adjusting W, the required pressure point of crossing is set.When U is provided with above this, V
0Be output as high level.This output signal is as the computer discriminant networking sign of overvoltage whether.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the present utility model, the relation between brief description formation of the present utility model and each part.Wherein 1 is MCS-48 series one chip microcomputer; 2 is zero cross detection circuit; 3 is voltage comparator; 4 is the switching value input circuit; 5 is the switching value output circuit; 6 for showing output and drive circuit; 7 is four LED nixie displaies.
The networking voltage signal is through voltage transformer B
1After the step-down, send into zero-crossing detector 2, be transformed into the INT end of sending into the MCS48 series monolithic after the burst pulse, the network flow signal is through current transformer B
2Be transformed into voltage signal after the unsteady flow, send into zero-crossing detector 2 again, be transformed into the T that sends into single-chip microcomputer 1 after the burst pulse
0End, these two signals are machine testing as calculated, and timing obtains △ t
φWith △ t
f
Line voltage behind the step-down rectifier is sent into 1 T after 3 detections
1End is for judging whether overvoltage of electrical network.4 is three panel-switches, its electronegative potential represents that operation is arranged, P24-P27 by 1 brings in detection, the shows signal that P20-P23 by 1 sends sends into 6, comprise I/O expansion and the drive circuit formed by INTERL8243 and 74LS244 in 6, it is output as four seven segment codes, is used to drive four LED charactrons 7.The loop on/off signal that P10-P17 by 1 sends drives corresponding switch loop through 5.
Fig. 5 is the software block diagram of most preferred embodiment.(1) frame is initialization, and to work register, initialization is carried out in each mouthful and necessary banner word, position.(2) frame is the self check decision block, when judging that self-test switch is not closed, enters operation, otherwise enters self check branch.(3) measurement frame to interrupt the method for counting, is measured △ t φ totally 16 times or 32 times, carries out digital filtering again and tries to achieve △ t
φ, and then measure △ t with the method for interrupting
f(4) frame is the rated output frame, records △ t in a work period for the first time
φBe rated output not, after the second time of same work period, record a △ t at every turn
φJust can extrapolate meritorious and reactive power P, the Q of load, the no mechanical equivalent of establishing switching is q, then
P＝ (q)/(tanφ
0- tanφ
1)
Q＝P·tanφ
1
φ in the formula
0, φ
1It is respectively phase angle last and that this time record.(5) frame is the analysis and judgement frame,, then should correspondingly cut or throw greater than the upper limit or less than lower limit at the measured power factor.(6) frame is the time-delay display box, shows relevant physical quantity successively.(7) frame is a circulation break-make frame, but loop of each on-off.(8) be the self check frame, program is by a predetermined parameters table requirement output loop break-make and show relevant symbol.For example soft, when hardware is errorless, show Good.
Claims (3)
1, have the Computerized power-factor compensation arrangement, its device comprises that a single chip microcomputer carries out program control, has two zero crossing detection devices; As the zero passage detection and the shaping of voltage and current signal, have a voltage comparator and take place as the overvoltage signal, have the demonstration of four charactrons dos and use; Have three switches, make input parameter and use with control; This device is carried out binodal and is played control; In this measurement device power factor, frequency and active power and the reactive power one or several; This device can self check.
2, according to the power factor compensation device of claim 1, described zero-crossing detector comprises an operational amplifier and an integral form monostable circuit, and the output pulse width of this monostable circuit is: voltage signal is less than 200 μ s, and current signal is less than 200 μ s.
3, include two TTL gate circuits and one according to the described voltage comparator of the power factor compensation device of claim 1 and constitute for the potentiometer of adjusting set point, according to the output level of this gate circuit, the whether overvoltage of expression line voltage.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88211425 CN2033957U (en) | 1988-02-09 | 1988-02-09 | Power factor compensating apparatus with computer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88211425 CN2033957U (en) | 1988-02-09 | 1988-02-09 | Power factor compensating apparatus with computer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2033957U true CN2033957U (en) | 1989-03-08 |
Family
ID=4844829
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88211425 Expired - Lifetime CN2033957U (en) | 1988-02-09 | 1988-02-09 | Power factor compensating apparatus with computer |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN2033957U (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102170740A (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-08-31 | 河村电器产业株式会社 | Power saving device of high-pressure discharge lamp |
| CN101589353B (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2013-04-03 | 能源效率公司 | Method, system, and apparatus for controlling an electric motor |
| CN108964092A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-12-07 | 菏泽峥艳电力科技有限公司 | The method of gradual strategy adjustment low-voltage network imbalance of three-phase voltage |
-
1988
- 1988-02-09 CN CN 88211425 patent/CN2033957U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101589353B (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2013-04-03 | 能源效率公司 | Method, system, and apparatus for controlling an electric motor |
| CN102170740A (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-08-31 | 河村电器产业株式会社 | Power saving device of high-pressure discharge lamp |
| CN108964092A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-12-07 | 菏泽峥艳电力科技有限公司 | The method of gradual strategy adjustment low-voltage network imbalance of three-phase voltage |
| CN108964092B (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2019-05-21 | 菏泽峥艳电力科技有限公司 | The method of gradual strategy adjustment low-voltage network imbalance of three-phase voltage |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C15 | Extension of patent right duration from 15 to 20 years for appl. with date before 31.12.1992 and still valid on 11.12.2001 (patent law change 1993) | ||
| RN01 | Renewal of patent term | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |