CN203335321U - Magnetic suspension double-wind-wheel wind driven generator - Google Patents
Magnetic suspension double-wind-wheel wind driven generator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及风力发电新能源技术领域,特别公开了一种磁悬浮双风轮风力发电机。该磁悬浮双风轮风力发电机,包括架设在桁架塔上的机舱,其特征在于:所述机舱两端分别安装有参数相同、转向相反的前风轮和后风轮,前风轮和后风轮分别通过前风轮轴和后风轮轴与机舱内的机械合成机构连接,机械合成机构通过磁悬浮长轴与桁架塔底部的变速增速箱连接,变速增速箱连接发电机。本实用新型与同样迎风面积的现有技术水平轴风力发电机相比,其输出功的理论值提高比例系数为1.95,多发出95%的电量,大幅降低了每KW发电能力的造价,同时减少经营费用。
The utility model relates to the technical field of new energy sources for wind power generation, in particular disclosing a wind power generator with magnetic levitation double wind wheels. The maglev double wind rotor wind generator includes a nacelle erected on a truss tower, and is characterized in that: the two ends of the nacelle are respectively equipped with a front wind wheel and a rear wind wheel with the same parameters and opposite directions, and the front wind wheel and the rear wind wheel The wheels are respectively connected to the mechanical synthesis mechanism in the nacelle through the front wind wheel shaft and the rear wind wheel shaft. The mechanical synthesis mechanism is connected to the variable speed increaser box at the bottom of the truss tower through the magnetic levitation long axis, and the variable speed increaser box is connected to the generator. Compared with the prior art horizontal axis wind power generator with the same windward area, the utility model has a theoretical value of output power increased by 1.95, and 95% more electricity is generated, which greatly reduces the cost of generating capacity per KW, and at the same time reduces Business expense.
Description
(一) 技术领域 (1) Technical field
本发明涉及风力发电新能源技术领域,特别涉及一种磁悬浮双风轮风力发电机。 The present invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation new energy, in particular to a magnetic levitation double wind wheel wind power generator.
(二) 背景技术 (2) Background technology
目前现有技术的风力发电机的风能利用率CP不高,贝兹极限是0.593,这只是个理论数值,实际的风力发电机的CP只有0.4以下,有一半以上的风能未被利用,公认是来风在风轮桨叶作功之后尾流能量形成螺旋涡流自行将能量耗尽。而目前风力发电机的单位功率投资比较高而产出却又较低,因而经济性较差,仍需依靠政府补贴经营。目前已有专利ZL201020639154.2采用前后风轮提高风力发电的出力,但其合成机构采用圆锥齿差动轮系,该差动轮系的两个输入端的转向与实际风轮的输出不一致,需要在合成机构输入前调向,使得结构庞大,实施较为困难,该专利将前后风轮的运动合成后采用柱齿轮为输出,发电机轴要与风轮轴并排,使得机舱迎风面积增加,该专利仍采用圆柱实形塔杆对后风轮塔杆效应也很大。 At present, the wind energy utilization rate C P of the wind power generator in the prior art is not high, and the Bezier limit is 0.593, which is only a theoretical value. The C P of the actual wind power generator is only below 0.4, and more than half of the wind energy has not been utilized. It is generally accepted that after the wind rotor blades do work, the wake energy forms a spiral vortex and exhausts the energy by itself. At present, the unit power investment of wind turbines is relatively high but the output is low, so the economy is poor, and they still need to rely on government subsidies for operation. At present, there is a patent ZL201020639154.2 that uses front and rear wind rotors to increase the output of wind power generation, but its synthesis mechanism uses a conical gear differential gear train. The steering of the two input ends of the differential gear train is inconsistent with the output of the actual wind rotor. The synthesis mechanism adjusts the direction before the input, which makes the structure huge and difficult to implement. This patent synthesizes the movement of the front and rear wind rotors and uses column gears as output. The cylindrical solid tower rod also has a great effect on the rear wind wheel tower rod.
自然来风速度是变化的,风轮从切入风速经额定风速到切出风速是风力发电机的运作周期,在运作周期内,来风速度在变化,只有在额定速度之后才能达到最佳叶尖速比,才能达到最大的风能利用系数,然而来风速度达到额定风速之后还要增大,风的动能是以来风速度的三次方成正比的,风速增一倍动能增8倍,现有技术风力发电机组的发电机与风轮是固定速比传动,风轮的转速受到发电机额定转速的限制,不能跟着来风速度升高而转速增高求得最佳叶尖速比,只能通过失速或变距控制风轮,以额定转速在运行到切出风速,高出额定风速成三次方增长的能量被放弃了,可见现有技术风力发电机在运作周期内,有很大一部分能量未被利用。 The natural incoming wind speed is changing. The wind rotor from the cut-in wind speed to the rated wind speed to the cut-out wind speed is the operation cycle of the wind turbine. During the operation cycle, the incoming wind speed is changing, and the best blade tip can only be reached after the rated speed The speed ratio can achieve the maximum wind energy utilization coefficient. However, after the incoming wind speed reaches the rated wind speed, it will increase. The kinetic energy of the wind is proportional to the cube of the incoming wind speed. When the wind speed doubles, the kinetic energy increases by 8 times. The existing technology The generator and wind rotor of the wind turbine are driven by a fixed speed ratio. The speed of the wind rotor is limited by the rated speed of the generator. It is impossible to obtain the best blade tip speed ratio as the speed of the incoming wind increases. Or variable-pitch control of the wind wheel, when running at the rated speed to the cut-out wind speed, the energy increased by the third power above the rated wind speed is discarded. It can be seen that a large part of the energy of the prior art wind generator is not used in the operation cycle. use.
已有专利ZL201010124102.6风力发电装置无自锁变速增速齿轮箱,具有变速功能,能充份利用来风高速的能量,可以使得风力发电机风轮在额定风速以上运转,能充分利用高风速多发电,但在塔杆上头高空的齿轮箱,因变速而增加变速离合器和齿轮数量,这些易损件会增加高空部件的维修量,增加维护费。 The existing patent ZL201010124102.6 wind power generation device has no self-locking variable-speed speed-up gearbox, has a speed-changing function, can make full use of the high-speed wind energy, and can make the wind turbine rotor run above the rated wind speed, and can make full use of high wind speed More power generation, but the high-altitude gearbox on the tower pole increases the number of transmission clutches and gears due to the speed change. These wearing parts will increase the maintenance amount of high-altitude components and increase maintenance costs.
(三) 发明内容 (3) Contents of the invention
本发明为了弥补现有技术的不足,提供了一种单位功率成本低、经营费用少的磁悬浮双风轮风力发电机。 In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a magnetic levitation double wind wheel wind generator with low unit power cost and low operating cost.
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的: The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种磁悬浮双风轮风力发电机,包括架设在桁架塔上的机舱,其特征在于:所述机舱两端分别安装有参数相同、转向相反的前风轮和后风轮,前风轮和后风轮分别通过前风轮轴和后风轮轴与机舱内的机械合成机构连接,机械合成机构通过磁悬浮长轴与桁架塔底部的变速增速箱连接,变速增速箱连接发电机。 A magnetic levitation double-wind rotor wind generator, including a nacelle erected on a truss tower, is characterized in that: the two ends of the nacelle are respectively equipped with a front wind wheel and a rear wind wheel with the same parameters and opposite directions, and the front wind wheel and the rear wind wheel The wind rotors are respectively connected to the mechanical synthesis mechanism in the nacelle through the front wind rotor shaft and the rear wind rotor shaft. The mechanical synthesis mechanism is connected to the variable speed increasing box at the bottom of the truss tower through the magnetic levitation long axis, and the variable speed increasing box is connected to the generator.
本发明在水平轴风力发电机的机舱后面再装一个与前风轮参数相同转向相反的后风轮,前风轮与后风轮之间安装一个将二者相连接的机械合成机构,由前风轮对来风动能第一次作功之后,剩下的尾流动能由后风轮第二次作功,前后风轮的功率,通过机械合成机构合成后,共同驱动发电机,形成合成功率。后风轮是吸收前风轮作功后剩余尾流的动能再作功,明显比现有技术的单风轮发电机多了一项发电量,采用相同参数的风轮,相同的风能利用数CP=0.4,使得本发明与相同迎风面积的现有技术单风轮风力发电机相比较,输出功率提高60%。 In the present invention, a rear wind wheel with the same parameters as the front wind wheel and opposite direction is installed behind the nacelle of the horizontal axis wind turbine, and a mechanical synthesis mechanism connecting the two is installed between the front wind wheel and the rear wind wheel. After the wind wheel does work on the kinetic energy of the incoming wind for the first time, the remaining tail kinetic energy is done work by the rear wind wheel for the second time. The power of the front and rear wind wheels is synthesized by the mechanical synthesis mechanism and drives the generator together to form a combined power. . The rear wind wheel absorbs the kinetic energy of the remaining wake after the work done by the front wind wheel and then performs work. It is obviously more than the single wind wheel generator in the prior art. The power generation capacity is one more. With the same parameters of the wind wheel, the same wind energy utilization number C P =0.4, making the present invention increase the output power by 60% compared with the prior art single-wheel wind power generator with the same windward area.
因为现有技术水平轴风力发电机,多是采用圆柱实形的塔杆,这种实形塔杆对于本发明的后风轮产生的塔杆效应太大,影响后风轮的发电量,因而本发明采用透风好的桁架结构钢塔,以减轻对后风轮的塔杆效应。 Because the prior art horizontal axis wind power generator mostly adopts a cylindrical solid tower rod, the tower rod effect produced by this solid tower rod for the rear wind wheel of the present invention is too large, which affects the power generation of the rear wind wheel, thus The invention adopts a well-ventilated truss structure steel tower to reduce the tower pole effect on the rear wind wheel.
又因为本发明有了前后风轮,对于机舱中心线是对称的,机舱的前后受力已经平衡,不像现有技术单风轮风力发电机,风轮的重量放在前端,机舱需要齿轮箱和发电机控制箱等放在机舱后端去平衡前风轮的重力,本发明为了减轻机舱和塔架的受力,采用磁悬浮轴承的长轴,将合成后的功率传到地面,其结果是机舱受力减轻,同时增速箱、发电机和控制箱都在地面,便于维护,大幅减少维护费,从而降低经营成本。 And because the present invention has the front and rear wind rotors, which are symmetrical to the center line of the nacelle, the front and rear forces of the nacelle have been balanced, unlike the prior art single wind rotor wind turbine, the weight of the wind wheel is placed at the front end, and the nacelle needs a gearbox and the generator control box are placed at the rear end of the nacelle to balance the gravity of the front wind wheel. In order to reduce the stress on the nacelle and the tower, the present invention uses the long axis of the magnetic suspension bearing to transmit the synthesized power to the ground. The result is The force on the engine room is reduced, and the gearbox, generator and control box are all on the ground, which is convenient for maintenance and greatly reduces maintenance costs, thereby reducing operating costs.
本发明的更优方案为: A better solution of the present invention is:
所述桁架塔顶端设置有衔接磁悬浮长轴的径向止推磁悬浮轴承,桁架塔内部设置有固定磁悬浮长轴的径向磁悬浮轴承,通过轴承对磁悬浮长轴进行位置限定,保证了其运行过程中的稳定性。 The top of the truss tower is provided with a radial thrust magnetic suspension bearing connected to the long axis of the magnetic suspension, and the inside of the truss tower is provided with a radial magnetic suspension bearing for fixing the long axis of the magnetic suspension. stability.
所述机械合成机构为由圆柱齿轮组成的差动齿轮系结构,机械合成机构与前风轮和后风轮同轴线转动,机械合成机构的输出元件采用锥齿轮,从而避免采用柱轮,如专利201020639154.2的齿轮与发电机与合成机构并排,势必增大了机舱的迎风面积,从而减少了风轮的迎风面积,为了最大限度减少机舱迎风面积,本发明采用锥齿轮为运动输出元件。 The mechanical synthesizing mechanism is a differential gear train structure composed of cylindrical gears, the mechanical synthesizing mechanism rotates coaxially with the front wind wheel and the rear wind wheel, and the output element of the mechanical synthesizing mechanism adopts bevel gears, thereby avoiding the use of column wheels, such as Patent 201020639154.2's gear, generator and synthesis mechanism are arranged side by side, which will inevitably increase the windward area of the nacelle, thereby reducing the windward area of the wind wheel. In order to minimize the windward area of the nacelle, the present invention uses bevel gears as motion output components.
所述机械合成机构包括连接前风轮轴的前中心齿轮和连接后风轮轴的后中心齿轮,前中心齿轮和后中心齿轮外围分别环绕啮合有前行星齿轮和后行星齿轮,前后对应的前行星齿轮和后行星齿轮间连接有传动轴,并在其上方设置连接传动轴的行星架大锥齿轮,行星架大锥齿轮联动下方的小锥齿轮,小锥齿轮上安装有磁悬浮长轴。 The mechanical synthesis mechanism includes a front sun gear connected to the front wind wheel shaft and a rear sun gear connected to the rear wind wheel shaft. The front sun gear and the rear sun gear are surrounded by meshing front planetary gears and rear planetary gears respectively, and the corresponding front planetary gears A transmission shaft is connected with the rear planetary gear, and a large bevel gear of the planet carrier connected to the transmission shaft is arranged above it, and the large bevel gear of the planet carrier is linked with the small bevel gear below, and the long axis of magnetic suspension is installed on the small bevel gear.
本发明的机械合成机构与锥齿轮组成的差动轮系合成机构不同。 The mechanical synthesizing mechanism of the present invention is different from the synthesizing mechanism of the differential gear train composed of bevel gears.
(1)锥齿轮合成机构两个输入端的转向相同才能运动相加,而双风轮风力发电机的前后风轮转向是相反的,所以合成机构输入前需调向,本发明采用圆柱齿轮差动轮系,两个输入端的转向相反才是运动相加,与双风轮风力发电机的前后风轮转向一致,不需调向,可以直接与风轮连接。 (1) Only when the direction of rotation of the two input ends of the bevel gear synthesizing mechanism is the same can the movement be added, while the steering of the front and rear wind wheels of the double-wind turbine wind turbine is opposite, so the direction of the synthesizing mechanism needs to be adjusted before inputting. The present invention adopts cylindrical gear differential For the gear train, the opposite direction of the two input ends is the sum of motion, which is consistent with the direction of the front and rear wind rotors of the double wind turbine wind turbine, and can be directly connected to the wind rotors without direction adjustment.
(2)锥齿轮合成机构的合成速比i=1/2,是降速比,与风力发电机整机要求增速不谐调。本发明采用的圆柱齿轮差动合成机构,合成速比i=7是增速比,与风力发电机整机要求增速相一致,而且增速比很大。 (2) The synthesis speed ratio i=1/2 of the bevel gear synthesis mechanism is a speed reduction ratio, which is not in harmony with the speed increase required by the wind turbine. The cylindrical gear differential synthesizing mechanism adopted in the present invention has a synthesizing speed ratio i=7, which is the speed-up ratio, which is consistent with the speed-up required by the wind power generator, and the speed-up ratio is very large.
本发明采用差动轮系为合成机构,差动轮系两个输入端是独立自由变量,因此可以前风轮或后风轮独立采用桨叶变距来控制风轮转速,使系统能在最佳状态运转。 The present invention adopts the differential gear train as the synthesis mechanism, and the two input terminals of the differential gear train are independent free variables, so the front wind wheel or the rear wind wheel can independently adopt the variable pitch of the blades to control the speed of the wind wheel, so that the system can operate at the most Running in good condition.
由于前后风轮功率合成之后传到地面,采用将不受空间条件和维修条件的限制,可以使结构尺寸条件放宽,所述变速增速箱为CVT无级变速器或无自锁变速增速齿轮箱,使得风力发电机组在切入到切出时间内,能多作功,与现有技术相比其作功提高比例系数是1.22,同时计入双风轮的效果,使得整机发电量提高比例系数为1.95。 Since the power of the front and rear wind wheels is synthesized and transmitted to the ground, the adoption will not be restricted by space conditions and maintenance conditions, and the structural size conditions can be relaxed. The variable speed increaser box is a CVT continuously variable transmission or a non-self-locking variable speed increaser gearbox. , so that the wind turbine can do more work during the cut-in to cut-out time. Compared with the existing technology, the proportional coefficient of the work increase is 1.22. At the same time, the effect of the double wind rotors is included, so that the power generation of the whole machine can be increased by the proportional coefficient is 1.95.
所述CVT无级变速器包括安装主动轮油缸的主动轮,主动轮通过钢带与安装被动轮油缸的被动轮连接,主动轮和被动轮均由两个锥面轮组合而成。 The CVT continuously variable transmission includes a driving wheel installed with a driving wheel oil cylinder, the driving wheel is connected with a driven wheel installed with a driven wheel oil cylinder through a steel belt, and both the driving wheel and the driven wheel are composed of two tapered wheels.
本发明与同样迎风面积的现有技术水平轴风力发电机相比,其输出功的理论值提高比例系数为1.95,多发出95%的电量,大幅降低了每KW发电能力的造价,同时减少经营费用,提高风力发电设备产出和运行经济效益,有望不靠政府补贴能实现丰厚的盈利。 Compared with the prior art horizontal axis wind power generator with the same windward area, the present invention has a theoretical value of output power increased by 1.95, and can generate 95% more electricity, greatly reducing the cost of generating capacity per KW, and reducing operating costs at the same time. Costs, increase wind power equipment output and operating economic benefits, is expected to achieve substantial profits without government subsidies.
(四) 附图说明 (4) Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1为本发明的结构示意图; Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2为本发明机械合成机构的内部结构示意图; Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mechanical synthesis mechanism of the present invention;
图3为本发明CVT无级变速器的结构示意图; Fig. 3 is the structural representation of CVT continuously variable transmission of the present invention;
图4为本发明无自锁变速增速齿轮箱的内部结构示意图; Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the non-self-locking variable-speed speed-up gearbox of the present invention;
图5为本发明的做功示意图。 Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of work of the present invention.
图中,L1前风轮,L2后风轮,H机械合成机构,B变速增速箱,C机舱,F发电机,1前风轮轴,2后风轮轴,3行星架大锥齿轮,4前行星齿轮,5前中心齿轮,6小锥齿轮,7后行星齿轮,8后中心齿轮,9磁悬浮长轴,10径向止推磁悬浮轴承,11桁架塔,12、13径向磁悬浮轴承,16主动轮,17钢带,18主动轮油缸,19被动轮,20被动轮油缸。 In the figure, L 1 front wind wheel, L 2 rear wind wheel, H mechanical synthesis mechanism, B variable speed gearbox, C engine room, F generator, 1 front wind wheel shaft, 2 rear wind wheel shaft, 3 planet carrier large bevel gear, 4 front planetary gears, 5 front sun gears, 6 bevel pinion gears, 7 rear planetary gears, 8 rear sun gears, 9 magnetic suspension long shaft, 10 radial thrust magnetic suspension bearings, 11 truss towers, 12, 13 radial magnetic suspension bearings, 16 driving wheels, 17 steel bands, 18 driving wheel oil cylinders, 19 driven wheels, 20 driven wheel oil cylinders.
(五) 具体实施方式 (5) Specific implementation methods
附图为本发明的一种具体实施例。该实施例包括架设在桁架塔11上的机舱C,所述机舱C两端分别安装有参数相同、转向相反的前风轮L1和后风轮L2,前风轮L1和后风轮L2分别通过前风轮轴1和后风轮轴2与机舱C内的机械合成机构H连接,机械合成机构H通过磁悬浮长轴9与桁架塔11底部的变速增速箱B连接,变速增速箱B连接发电机F;所述桁架塔11顶端设置有衔接磁悬浮长轴9的径向止推磁悬浮轴承10,桁架塔11内部设置有固定磁悬浮长轴9的径向磁悬浮轴承12;所述机械合成机构H为由圆柱齿轮组成的差动齿轮系结构,机械合成机构H与前风轮L1和后风轮L2同轴线转动;所述变速增速箱B为CVT无级变速器或无自锁变速增速齿轮箱;所述机械合成机构H包括连接前风轮轴1的前中心齿轮5和连接后风轮轴2的后中心齿轮8,前中心齿轮5和后中心齿轮8外围分别环绕啮合有前行星齿轮4和后行星齿轮7,前后对应的前行星齿轮4和后行星齿轮7间连接有传动轴,并在其上方设置连接传动轴的行星架大锥齿轮3,行星架大锥齿轮3联动下方的小锥齿轮6,小锥齿轮6上安装有磁悬浮长轴9;所述CVT无级变速器包括安装主动轮油缸18的主动轮16,主动轮16通过钢带17与安装被动轮油缸20的被动轮19连接,主动轮16和被动轮19均由两个锥面轮组合而成。
Accompanying drawing is a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment includes a nacelle C erected on a truss tower 11, and the two ends of the nacelle C are respectively equipped with a front wind wheel L 1 and a rear wind wheel L 2 with the same parameters and opposite directions, and the front wind wheel L 1 and the rear wind wheel L 2 is respectively connected to the mechanical synthesis mechanism H in the nacelle C through the front wind wheel shaft 1 and the rear
如图1所示,在水平轴风力发电机的前风轮L1的后面再装一个与前风轮参数相同而转动方向相反的后风轮L2,在前风轮L1和后风轮L2之间安装一个与二者相连接的机械合成机构H,由前风轮L1对来风的动能E1第一次作功之后,剩下的尾流速度的动能E2由后风轮L2再第二次作功。前风轮L1和后风轮L2的功率,通过机械合成机构H合成,形成合成功率去驱发电机,本发明的合成功率N是: As shown in Figure 1, a rear wind wheel L 2 with the same parameters as the front wheel L 1 and the opposite rotation direction is installed behind the front wind wheel L 1 of the horizontal axis wind turbine. A mechanical synthesis mechanism H connected to the two is installed between L 2 , after the front wind wheel L 1 does work on the kinetic energy E 1 of the incoming wind for the first time, the remaining kinetic energy E 2 of the wake velocity is generated by the rear wind Wheel L 2 does work for the second time. The power of the front wind wheel L1 and the rear wind wheel L2 is synthesized by the mechanical synthesis mechanism H to form a combined power to drive the generator. The combined power N of the present invention is:
公式中N是合成功率,N1是前风轮对来风动能E1作的功率,也是现有技术风力发电机的功率,N2是后风轮对尾流动能E2作的功率,是本发明特征功率,CP是本机设计采用的风能利用系数,则有: In the formula, N is the synthetic power, N 1 is the power that the front wind rotor makes to the incoming wind kinetic energy E 1 , which is also the power of the wind-driven generator in the prior art, and N 2 is the power that the rear wind wheel makes to the wake kinetic energy E 2 , which is Characteristic power of the present invention, C P is the wind energy utilization coefficient that this machine design adopts, then has:
代入公式1,则有: Substituting into formula 1, there are:
这是一个风能利用系数增大的概念,双风轮的风力发电机组的风能利用系数CPs: This is a concept of increasing the wind energy utilization coefficient, the wind energy utilization coefficient C Ps of the wind turbine with double wind rotors:
公式中N1是前风轮所作的功率,也是现有技术的水平轴风力发电机的功率,将N1与合成功率N相比可得本发明的功率增比系数G: In the formula, N1 is the power made by the front wind wheel, and is also the power of the horizontal axis wind generator in the prior art. N1 can be compared with the combined power N to obtain the power ratio coefficient G of the present invention:
若采用CP=0.4,则G=1.6,本发明的功率是现有技术风力发电机的功率输出的160%,多发出电力60%。 If C P =0.4 is adopted, then G=1.6, the power of the present invention is 160% of the power output of the prior art wind generator, and 60% more electricity is generated.
如图2所示,机械合成机构H是个差动齿轮系,是圆柱齿轮系,是由前中心齿轮5、后中心齿轮8、三个前行星齿轮4、三个后行星齿轮7和作为行星架的大锥齿轮3所组成,前风轮L1的角速度和力矩,传入前中心齿轮5带动三个前行星齿轮4,而后风轮L2的角速度和力矩传入后中心齿轮8带动三个后行星齿轮7,由于前后行星齿轮4和7是同轴的,所以产生合力带动行星架大锥齿轮3、大锥齿轮3带动小锥齿轮6经过长轴9到变速增速箱B驱动发电机F。
As shown in Figure 2, the mechanical synthesis mechanism H is a differential gear train, which is a cylindrical gear train, and is composed of a
根据行星齿轮传动原理求得差动轮系的速比关系公式: According to the principle of planetary gear transmission, the speed ratio relationship formula of the differential gear train is obtained:
公式中n3是行星架转速,n5是前风轮L1的转速,n8是后风轮L2的转速,i58是从前中心齿轮5到后中心齿轮8 的速比,也就是从前风轮L1到后风轮L2的转速比:
In the formula, n 3 is the speed of the planet carrier, n 5 is the speed of the front wind wheel L 1 , n 8 is the speed of the rear wind wheel L 2 , and i 58 is the speed ratio from the
公式中Z4、Z5、Z7和Z8分别是齿轮4、5、7、8的齿轮数,各齿轮的齿轮数是由风力发电机组的风能利用系数CP决定的。
In the formula, Z 4 , Z 5 , Z 7 and Z 8 are the gear numbers of
风力发电机组对来风的动能第一次作的功N1是来风动能mV1 2/2乘上风力发电机组的风能利用系数CP,也等于来风动能减去作功之后尾流速度V2的动能,即是: The work N 1 done by the wind turbine to the kinetic energy of the incoming wind for the first time is the kinetic energy of the incoming wind mV 1 2 /2 multiplied by the wind energy utilization coefficient C P of the wind turbine, which is also equal to the wake velocity after the kinetic energy of the incoming wind is subtracted from the work. The kinetic energy of V 2 is:
则有:, Then there are: ,
, ,
。 .
公式中V1是前风轮L1来风速度,而V2是前风轮L1的尾流速度也是后风轮L2的来风速度,既然机组采用相同的CP,应该公式4等于公式3:
In the formula, V 1 is the incoming wind speed of the front rotor L 1 , and V 2 is the wake velocity of the front rotor L 1 and the incoming wind speed of the rear rotor L 2. Since the unit adopts the same C P ,
本实施例取CP=0.4,Z5=35,Z4=45、Z7=Z8=40代公式2,则有:i58=1.29,前风轮来风是V1以n5输入,而后风轮来风是V2以n8输入,由风能利用系数决定n8=n5/i38,而且方向相反,则有:
In this embodiment, C P =0.4, Z 5 =35, Z 4 =45, Z 7 =Z 8 =40 Substituting
本实施例采用大锥齿轮齿数Z3=80,小锥齿轮齿数Z6=20,从前风轮L1输入到小锥齿轮6输出,机舱总升速比ic=7×80×20=28。
In this embodiment, the number of teeth of the large bevel gear Z 3 =80, the number of teeth of the small bevel gear Z 6 =20, from the input of the front wind wheel L 1 to the output of the
公式2是本发明机械合成机构的运动合成公式,前风轮L1和后风轮L2的功率合成后,由大锥齿轮3和小锥齿轮6从机舱输出经过长轴9传到地面变速箱B驱动发电机F,由于运动传到地面。地面不受空间限制,可以采用多种变速机构,本实施例首选CVT无级变速器,当风力发电机功率太大,而CVT无级变速器实施困难较多时,可选用第二方案,无自锁变速增速齿轮箱。
图3是本发明第一实施例所采用的CVT无级变速器实施例示意图,CVT无级变速器:是由主动轮16、被动轮19、主动轮油缸18、被动轮油缸20和钢带17组成,主动轮16和被动轮19都由两个锥面轮组合的,通过控制系统调节主动轮油缸18和被动轮油缸20的压力,使得组合锥面轮离开或靠近,改变锥面轮的工作半径达到变速目的,CVT近年在汽车工业应用比较成功,已实现其调速范围速比7.3,而本发明要求的调速范围速比是2、只是应用在风力发电传动,因风力发电机功率较大,其结构尺寸也大,同时制造难度高,相对费用较高。
Fig. 3 is the embodiment schematic diagram of the CVT continuously variable transmission adopted in the first embodiment of the present invention, CVT continuously variable transmission: is made up of driving wheel 16, driven wheel 19, driving wheel oil cylinder 18, driven
图4是本发明第二实施例,是采用无自锁变速增速齿轮箱,该齿轮箱由4根轴、12个齿轮、三组双位离合器所组成,三组双位离合器形成的变速级数E=23=8,是八级变速,其调速范围Rn=2,速度公比φ=1.104,其速度损失为9.4%,采用转差率为10%的感应发电机为匹配,实现了全额无级调速而速度损失为零。 Fig. 4 is the second embodiment of the present invention, which adopts a non-self-locking variable speed speed-up gearbox, which is composed of 4 shafts, 12 gears, and three sets of two-position clutches, and the speed change stage formed by three sets of two-position clutches Number E=2 3 =8, it is eight-stage speed change, its speed regulation range R n =2, speed common ratio φ=1.104, its speed loss is 9.4%, and an induction generator with a slip rate of 10% is used as a match. The full stepless speed regulation is realized with zero speed loss.
本发明采用无级调速可充份利用来风高速动能作功,风力发电机从切入到切出,是风力发电机的一个运作周期,当具有相同风能利用系数CP,而风力发电机在整个运作周期内是否能作出应有的功,这是风力发电机组作功的效率,直接影响机组的发电量,在一个运作周期内风速变化很大,假定风速变化理想状态时风速波动的平均线是线性函数,是以额定风速Vb为基准,切入风速Va是0.2Vb,切出风速Vc=2Vb,从a点经b点到c点连线是来风速度平均线,如附图5: The invention adopts stepless speed regulation to make full use of the high-speed kinetic energy of the incoming wind to do work. The wind-driven generator cuts in and cuts out , which is an operation cycle of the wind-driven generator. Whether it can make the due work during the entire operation cycle is the efficiency of the wind turbine generator, which directly affects the power generation of the unit. The wind speed changes greatly during an operation cycle. Assuming that the wind speed changes in an ideal state, it is the average line of wind speed fluctuations It is a linear function, based on the rated wind speed V b , the cut-in wind speed V a is 0.2V b , the cut-out wind speed V c =2V b , and the line connecting point a through point b to point c is the average wind speed, such as Attached Figure 5:
来风的动能E是: The kinetic energy E of the incoming wind is:
风轮的功率N是: The power N of the wind wheel is:
公式中ρ是来风的密度,S是风轮迎风面积,CP是风能利用系数,风轮在t时间所作的功A是功率N对时间t的积分: In the formula, ρ is the density of the incoming wind, S is the windward area of the wind rotor, C P is the wind energy utilization coefficient, and the work A done by the wind rotor at time t is the integral of power N to time t:
风轮从切入点a到切出点c作的全功Ac是功率对运作时间的积分: The full power Ac of the wind wheel from the cut-in point a to the cut-out point c is the integral of the power to the operating time:
根据以上设定V是线性函数,Vc=2Vb,Va=0.2Vb,则时间也是:tc=2tb,ta=0.2tb,则, According to the above setting, V is a linear function, V c =2V b , V a =0.2V b , then the time is also: t c =2t b , t a =0.2t b , then,
因为(0.2)4=0.0016,数值很小,与1相比可以忽略为0,则有: Because (0.2) 4 =0.0016, the value is very small and can be ignored as 0 compared with 1, then:
同理风轮从ta到额定风速tb作的功Ab: Similarly, the work A b done by the wind wheel from t a to the rated wind speed t b :
对现有技术采用固定增速比的风力发电机组,风轮从切入风速Va开始到达额定风速Vb,完成作功Ab,并到达风轮最佳叶尖速比的额定转速,但风速还要增加到切出风速,但由于受发电机额定转速的限制,系统的速比又是固定的,风轮只能通过失速或变距控制,风轮只能以额定转速保持不变,而不能随风速增高而增高转速,求得最佳叶尖速比,到达额定风速后风轮转速不变,即额定功率Nb不变,风轮从额定风速Vb的b点到切出风速Vb的c点所作的功,将是额定功率Nb乘b点到c点的时间t,又因t=tc-tb,tc=2tb,则有t=tb。 For wind turbines with a fixed speed-up ratio in the existing technology, the wind rotor reaches the rated wind speed V b from the cut-in wind speed V a , completes the work A b , and reaches the rated speed of the best blade tip speed ratio of the wind rotor, but the wind speed It also needs to be increased to the cut-out wind speed, but due to the limitation of the rated speed of the generator and the fixed speed ratio of the system, the wind wheel can only be controlled by stalling or variable pitch, and the wind wheel can only be kept constant at the rated speed, while The speed cannot be increased as the wind speed increases, and the best blade tip speed ratio is obtained. After reaching the rated wind speed, the speed of the wind rotor remains unchanged, that is, the rated power N b remains unchanged. The work done by point c of V b will be the rated power N b multiplied by the time t from point b to point c, and because t=t c -t b , t c =2t b , then t=t b .
公式1、2、3是一个理想运作周期条件下风轮作的功,但在可开发的风场一年之内各个运作周期每次也不一定都能达到额定风速Vb,达到额定风速Vb的也不一定每次都达到切出风速Vc,所以一年之内风力发电机作功大小与具体风场参数关系很大,假设风场在一年内来风速度达到额定风速Vb以上的为X次,其中能达到切出风速Vc以上的Y次。
现有技术风力发电机在一年内作的功Ax: The work A x done by the wind power generator in the prior art in one year:
本发明风力发电机作的功Af: The work A f done by the wind power generator of the present invention:
本发明在一年内发电量与现有技术相比其比例系数Q: Compared with the prior art, the proportional coefficient Q of the present invention's power generation within one year:
, ,
U是风场高风速出现比例系数,与具体的风场风力资源有关,在风资源可开发区至风资源丰富区U=0.1至0.4左右,整机的效果应计入双风轮的增大比例系数G的效果,本发明与现有技术水平轴单风轮固定增速比齿轮箱的风力发电相比,其发电量增比系数K应是双风轮的增比系数G与变速箱的增比系数Q相乘积,即: U is the proportional coefficient of high wind speed in the wind field, which is related to the specific wind resources of the wind field. From the wind resource-developable area to the wind resource-rich area U=0.1 to 0.4, the effect of the whole machine should be included in the increase of the double wind rotors The effect of the proportional coefficient G, compared with the wind power generation of the prior art horizontal axis single wind wheel with a fixed speed-up ratio gearbox, its power generation ratio coefficient K should be the ratio coefficient G of the double wind wheel and the ratio of the gearbox. Multiply the ratio factor Q, that is:
设在风资源可开发区风场U=0.1,CP=0.4,则有: Assuming that U=0.1 and C P =0.4 of the wind field in the wind resource development zone, then:
K=GQ=1.6×1.22=1.952 K=GQ=1.6×1.22=1.952
从以上结果是本发明比目前应用最广的现有技术水平轴单风轮固定速比增速齿轮箱的风力发电机的发电量,保守的计算,当U=0.1,CP=0.4,其理论增大比例系数K=1.95,即是多发出近一倍的电量。 From the above results, the present invention compares the power generation of the wind power generator with the horizontal axis single wind wheel fixed speed-ratio speed-increasing gear box of the most widely used prior art at present. Conservative calculation, when U=0.1, C P =0.4, its Theoretically increase the proportional coefficient K=1.95, that is, nearly double the power.
长轴重量大、轴承负荷大、机械效率低,轴太长会引起振动,但随着磁悬浮技术的发展,轴承的负荷和效率得到解决,轴长可以加中间磁悬浮轴,振动问题也解决,用了长轴9以后高速而易损部件和控制箱都设在地面,其维护费会大幅下降。 The long shaft has heavy weight, heavy bearing load, and low mechanical efficiency. Too long shaft will cause vibration. However, with the development of magnetic suspension technology, the load and efficiency of bearings have been solved. The shaft length can be added to the middle magnetic suspension shaft, and the vibration problem is also solved. After the major axis 9 is installed, the high-speed and vulnerable parts and the control box are all located on the ground, and its maintenance cost can be greatly reduced.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103277243A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-09-04 | 岑益南 | Maglev twin-turbine wind generator |
| CN105715459A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-06-29 | 苏州工业园区职业技术学院 | Magnetic suspension variable-speed wind driven generator |
| CN105736242A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-06 | 岑益南 | Double-wind-wheel wind-driven generator capable of changing speed along with wind |
| CN109800931A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-05-24 | 北京普华亿能风电技术有限公司 | Wind power plant generated energy loss measurement method and system based on blower SCADA data |
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2013
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103277243A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-09-04 | 岑益南 | Maglev twin-turbine wind generator |
| CN103277243B (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2016-03-02 | 岑益南 | Maglev twin-turbine wind generator |
| CN105715459A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-06-29 | 苏州工业园区职业技术学院 | Magnetic suspension variable-speed wind driven generator |
| CN105715459B (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2018-09-21 | 苏州工业园区职业技术学院 | A kind of magnetic suspension speed-changing wind power generator |
| CN105736242A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-06 | 岑益南 | Double-wind-wheel wind-driven generator capable of changing speed along with wind |
| CN109800931A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-05-24 | 北京普华亿能风电技术有限公司 | Wind power plant generated energy loss measurement method and system based on blower SCADA data |
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