CN203269971U - Tilting converter - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a tilting converter, which comprises a support ring (2), wherein the support ring surrounds a converter housing (1) at a distance and is provided with two radially and oppositely arranged support trunnions, the converter housing (1) is fixed on the support ring (2) by using a plurality of connecting elements, and the opposite end portions of the connecting elements are rigidly fixed on the bottom surface of the support ring (2) and the converter housing (1). For uniform distribution of loads in the connecting elements, the connecting element comprises exactly a thin sheet (3), wherein the thin sheet is shielded with a protection element (6, 8, 9) relative to the converter housing (1), the opposite end portions of the protection elements are connected with the converter housing (1) and the support ring (2), and only one of the end portions is rigidly connected with the support ring (2) or the converter housing (1).

Description

tiltable converter

technical field

The utility model relates to a tiltable converter, the converter has a supporting ring surrounding the converter shell at intervals, and has two radially opposite supporting trunnions, wherein the converter shell is fixed by a plurality of connecting elements On the support ring, the connecting elements are respectively fastened with their opposite ends rigidly on the one hand to the underside of the support ring and on the other hand to the converter shell.

A converter is a tiltable metallurgical vessel with suspension in which liquid metals and metal alloys are produced and processed. These converter shells are exposed to high thermal loads during operation, which lead to large thermal expansions and deformations. The support ring therefore surrounds the converter shell at a predetermined distance. With converter sizes common today, high weight loads also occur in the connecting elements in addition to the thermal load, these loads fluctuating depending on the tilting position of the converter shell. The connecting elements should therefore be arranged in such a way that in any operating position of the converter shell no overloading occurs on the individual connecting elements. Furthermore, the connecting elements should be arranged in such a way that they are largely protected against slag splashes from the converter mouth.

Background technique

In order to meet these requirements to a large extent, a series of connecting elements or systems of connecting elements of different embodiments are known from the prior art for connecting the converter shell to the support ring.

In one embodiment of the connecting elements, the connecting elements are configured as lamellar packs, that is to say they comprise a plurality of mutually spaced laminae, as for example shown in AT 504 664 B1, in most cases The bottom consists of two or three lamellae. In this case, a large number of lamellar elements are provided, which are distributed over the circumference on the underside of the support ring and connect the converter shell to the support ring. This suspension has also been disclosed from EP 1 061 138 A2. An advantage of the foil suspension is that it is radially flexible.

The laminations are mostly designed as thin rectangular plates made of steel. Due to its low thickness, it is easy to bend, so that only low stresses occur in the laminations in the event of thermal deformations of the converter shell. The arrangement of the lamellas in groups should firstly distribute the load of the converter shell over a larger cross-section and, on the other hand, should provide safety in the event of failure of individual lamellae. The connection produced by the laminations represents a statically indeterminate system, ie the stresses occurring in the individual laminations depend on the deformation of the overall system of converter shell, support ring and lamination stack. Numerical analyzes of converters manufactured in the past clearly show that the distribution of the loads varies greatly between different sets of laminations, but also within a set of laminations, and even within a single lamination. That is to say, local stress concentration occurs, which greatly reduces the service life of the sheet.

The causes of the differential load distribution have different origins. Firstly, the stacked arrangement of the lamellae results in that the lamellae which are closer to the hot converter shell, ie the inner lamina, are heated significantly more than the outer lamellae which are shielded by the inner lamina. As a result, the inner lamella expands to a greater extent and absorbs only part of the load on the converter or additionally loads the outer lamella.

Secondly, if the loaded converter is just upright (0° position, the opening of the converter shell is upward) or inverted (180° position, the opening of the converter shell is downward), then the support ring is on the bottom of the converter shell. Deformation occurs under load because the bearing ring bends downwards at an increased distance from the bearing trunnion. Lamination packs closer to the support trunnion are therefore subjected to greater loads than those further away from the support trunnion.

Finally, during charging and tapping, the lamellar pack also takes up part of the load, wherein the converter is tilted by +90° or -90° during charging and tapping, although here the converter shell mainly passes through Additional elements such as stops or horizontal links are supported on the support ring. However, due to the large width of the lamella in the range of several hundred millimeters and the shear stiffness associated therewith, the lamella bears in this case part of the load of the converter shell. As a result, shear loads occur in the lamellae and highly inhomogeneous stress distributions or localized stress concentrations occur in the lamellae and their fastening structures.

Utility model content

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a tiltable converter with which the load can be distributed more evenly among the connecting elements.

This object is solved in that the connection element comprises exactly one lamella, which is shielded from the converter shell by a protective element, whose opposite ends are likewise not only connected to the converter The furnace shell is connected and connected to the support ring, but only one of these ends is rigidly connected either to the support ring or to the converter shell.

Only one supporting lamina is provided for each connecting element, all lamellae of all connecting elements being subjected to substantially the same conditions with respect to the heat radiation of the converter shell. A differential distribution of the load between the lamellae of the connecting element can thus no longer occur.

By foil is generally meant a thin, narrow and sheet-like, ie planar, element. That is to say, the width of the flakes is many times greater than its thickness and on the other hand its length is many times greater than its width. The flakes according to the invention have typical dimensions of 5-20 mm thickness, 200-600 mm width and 1000-2000 mm length.

The laminae are generally oriented such that the plane of the laminations runs parallel to the tangential plane of the converter, as is the case with lamination packs according to the prior art. The lamellae run at an inclination of a few degrees relative to the vertical if the opening of the converter shell is located above.

The rigid fastening of the laminations on the converter shell and the support ring can be effected by screwing, pinning or welding.

By means of the protective element, which has no bearing function per se, the single lamella is now better protected against the heat of the converter shell, so that the lamella now expands to a lesser extent. This leads to a longer service life of the laminations and an increase in the operational reliability of the suspension.

Since the protective element has no supporting function, the other - not rigidly connected - end of the protective element is connected with the support ring or the converter shell in the longitudinal direction with a gap for allowing the Free thermal expansion of the protective element - along its longitudinal direction.

The other—not rigidly connected—end of the protective element can be connected to the support ring or the converter shell by means of a retaining mechanism, so that the protective element can bear its load.

In order to ensure the best possible thermal protection effect of the foil, it can be provided that the protective element has a greater thickness than the foil. For this purpose, the protective element is, for example, two to three times thicker than the foil.

In order to ensure the best possible thermal protection effect of the entire foil, it can be provided that the protective element has at least the length and width of the foil. The entire sheet is thus protected against direct heat radiation from the converter shell. In this case, the protective element is mounted superimposed on the lamellae in front of the lamellae and thus between the lamellae and the converter shell.

A possible embodiment provides that the protective element is arranged at least partially parallel to the lamellae. If the protective element and the foil run parallel to one another, for example in the region of their fastening structures, they can easily be fastened—for example by means of spacers—in the same fastening device.

In order to distribute the load more evenly between the laminations arranged on the circumference according to the invention, it can be provided that the connecting element is arranged as close as possible to the bearing trunnion or in the bearing ring for Opening to support the trunnion. The connecting elements can only be arranged next to each other and not one above the other. It is therefore preferably arranged directly below the bearing trunnion and continues to the left and right of the laminations with the smallest possible distance from the laminations. Here, for example, to the left and right of a vertical axis passing through the opening in the bearing trunnion or the bearing ring (where the bearing trunnion hangs), on the underside of the bearing ring are respectively arranged The connecting element of the laminar plate is followed by a further connecting element on the left and on the right, respectively.

If the connecting elements are all arranged in the vicinity of the bearing trunnion, then an additional support for the converter shell in a position inclined by plus or minus 90° (during charging or tapping) must be provided. The element on which the load is supported is the horizontal link or stop mentioned above. In this case, in particular the connecting element which is arranged closer to the bearing trunnion is designed to be wider than the adjacent other connecting elements. The lamellas can thus be provided with different widths for equalizing the load distribution between the lamellae.

In order to minimize the shear-induced loading of the laminations in the position of the converter shell inclined by plus or minus 90°, the shape of the laminations can be optimized, for example, numerically. The maximum stress in the sheet is minimized by maximizing the nominal stiffness in the main direction (longitudinal direction) and minimizing the shear stiffness. This can advantageously be achieved in that the lamella tapers from its opposite ends towards the centre.

Not only if the lamella tapers in the center, it can be provided that the lamella has a symmetrical structure not only with respect to its longitudinal axis but also with respect to its central transverse axis. In the case of thinning of the lamella, this means that the tapering profile is not only symmetrical about the longitudinal axis on the two longitudinal sides of the lamella, but also symmetrical about the central transverse axis, so that the The tapers are at equal distances from both ends of the sheet and the tapers are identical. In this case, the lamella is also superposed on itself in the plane of the lamina when rotated by 180°.

However, the lamella does not have to be designed symmetrically, but it can also be designed such that it has only a double rotational symmetry without symmetry about its longitudinal or transverse axis. The lamella can, for example, only taper in its central region to a web of the same width, which ridge is directed from the longitudinal edge of the non-tapered region towards the non-tapered edge at the other end of the lamina. The longitudinal edge stretches.

However, such “asymmetrical” lamellae may be arranged in pairs symmetrically to each other, in particular symmetrically with respect to a vertical axis passing through the opening for supporting the trunnion.

According to the invention, the function is separated in such a way that the lamella is only loaded and the protective element is used as heat protection and as an emergency fastening mechanism (Notsicherung), so that each of the two parts Each component is optimized for its function. As a result, stresses due to differential thermal expansion do not occur in the laminations as they do in the interior of lamination packs according to the prior art. The lamellas, protective elements and fastening structures (mostly screw connections) can thus be designed more easily and at lower cost. Furthermore, the reliability against failure of the converter suspension and its service life are thereby increased.

By arranging the lamellas in the vicinity of the support trunnion, a more even distribution of the load between the lamellas is achieved. The maximum loads in the lamellae are thereby reduced. On the one hand, this increases the reliability and service life of the converter suspension, and on the other hand the laminations can be formed more easily and at lower cost.

The stiffness properties of the lamina, ie the shear stiffness and the stiffness in the longitudinal direction, are influenced by the optimization of the lamella shape in such a way that the stresses in the lamina and in the fastening structure during charging or tapping are significantly reduced. The maximum stress that occurs. This likewise increases the service life of the converter suspension and the laminations can be formed more easily and at lower cost.

Description of drawings

The utility model is explained exemplarily below by means of schematic diagrams. in:

FIG. 1 is a section of a converter with a sheet according to the invention and with protective elements arranged in parallel;

2 is a section of a converter with a lamella according to the invention and with protective elements arranged obliquely to the lamina;

FIG. 3 is a section of a converter with a sheet according to the invention and with a bent protective element;

Fig. 4 is a side view of the converter;

Figure 5 is a side view of a converter with different slices according to the invention; and

FIG. 6 is a side view of a converter with asymmetric laminae according to the invention.

Detailed ways

FIG. 1 shows a section of a longitudinal section of a converter shell 1 and a support ring 2 . The side walls can be seen from the converter shell 1 . The support ring 2 has a box-shaped cross section. Said sheet 3 is rigidly connected at one end by means of a screw connection to an upper fixing bracket 4 which is welded to the center of said support ring 2 approximately outside the center of said support ring. bottom surface. At its other (lower) end, the lamination 3 is rigidly connected by means of a screw connection to a lower fastening bracket 5 which is welded to the converter shell 1 . The laminae 3 extend over more than half their length approximately over the lower third of the straight cylindrical side wall of the converter shell 1 . The lower part of the lamellae 3 runs approximately parallel to the conical lower side wall of the converter shell 1 .

At a distance relative to the sheet 3, a straight thin protective element 6 is arranged parallel to the sheet 3, wherein the protective element 6 is as long and as wide as the sheet 3, but with greater thickness. The protective element 6 is roughly 1.5-2 times thicker than the sheet 3 . It is fixed rigidly at its upper end to the upper fastening bracket 4 with the same screw connection as the lamella 3 . At the lower end, the protective element 6 is secured slidingly in the lower fastening bracket 5 by means of a stop mechanism 7 . If the lamella 3 breaks, the protective element 6 intercepts the load previously borne by the lamina 3 thanks to the blocking mechanism 7, which approximately represents a thickening of the protective element, so that the The protective element will not slip off from the fixed bracket 5.

FIG. 2 shows the same section of the converter shell 1 and the support ring 2 as in FIG. 1 is arranged at the same inclination as in FIG. 1 . Accordingly, the upper fastening bracket 4 is arranged close to the outer edge of the bearing ring 2 and the lower fastening bracket 5 is designed to be longer. The straight and flat protective element 8 is constructed here thicker than the protective element in FIG. on the support ring. At its lower end, the protective element 8 is again slidably fixed in the lower fastening bracket 5 by means of a stop mechanism 7 .

In FIG. 3 , the fastening structure of the lamellae 3 is configured as in FIG. 1 , but in FIG. 3 an angled protective element 9 is provided. The two arms of the protective element 9 are designed such that the upper arm runs parallel to the cylindrical side wall of the converter shell 1 and the lower arm runs approximately parallel to the conical cylindrical wall of the converter shell 1 . The lower side walls are stretched. The upper end of the protective element 9 is welded very close to the inner end of the underside of the support ring 2 . The lower end of the protective element 9 is held in the lower fastening bracket 5 by means of the catch means 7 as in the embodiment in FIGS. 1 and 2 .

The lamella according to the invention is made of very high-quality, high-strength and temperature-resistant steel. The protective element can consist of the same material or of a less expensive material, which in the latter case requires a corresponding increase in thickness.

FIG. 4 shows a side view of the converter according to the invention. In the bearing ring 2 of the converter shell 1 openings 10 for the bearing trunnions can be seen. To the left and to the right of a vertical axis passing through the center of the opening, a connecting element with a lamella 3 is respectively arranged on the underside of the support ring 2 , and another further to the left and to the right is respectively arranged. Connection elements. Four laminations 3 are likewise arranged on the opposite side of the converter (on which the second bearing trunnion acts). Usually no further lamellae 3 are provided. The lamellae 3 are thus not placed at regular distances from one another on the support ring 2 or in a manner connected directly to the support trunnion but only in the region below the support trunnion. on the converter shell. In this case, the two inner lamellas, that is to say the lamina closer to the bearing trunnion, are designed to be wider than the outer lamellae.

The converter can likewise be seen in side view in FIG. 5 , four different sheet shapes according to the invention being shown here. Each of the lamellas shown has two different side contours, wherein in a practical embodiment a lamella 3 has only one of these side contours symmetrically on both longitudinal sides.

For a partially elliptical profile 11, an elliptical cut-out is provided on the generally straight longitudinal sides of the sheet 3, wherein the basic ellipse is oriented with its main axis in the longitudinal direction of the sheet 3, but The main axis lies outside the originally straight longitudinal sides of the lamellae.

With a trapezoidal profile 12 , the longitudinal sides of the lamellae 3 have a trapezoidal cutout in the center.

The circular segment-shaped contour 13 has a depth which is smaller than the radius of the resulting circle, preferably approximately 30% of the radius of the circle.

For the semi-elliptical profile 14 , the basic ellipse with its main axis lies in the continuation of the straight upper and lower longitudinal profile of the lamella 3 .

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the invention with asymmetrical lamellae 15 . The asymmetrical lamella 15 has a taper in the form of a web which has approximately half the width of the non-tapered lamella and which extends from a longitudinal edge of the upper end of the lamina. The other longitudinal edge of the end extending below. In this case, a zigzag shape is produced which, in the case of asymmetry with respect to its longitudinal or transverse axis, has a double rotational symmetry.

The second lamella 15 is arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to a vertical axis passing through the opening 10 for supporting the trunnion. Of course, it is also possible to arrange other pairs of lamellae made of asymmetrical lamellas to the left and right of the two shown lamellae 15, which themselves are also arranged in the same manner relative to one another as to pass through the opening 10 of the support trunnion. Arranged in a symmetrical way through the vertical axis.

For the converter, it is also possible to combine symmetrical lamellae 3 with asymmetrical lamellae 15 . Ideally, a numerical optimization is performed on the flake shape - the result is mostly higher order curves that are difficult to make. As a simplification, a simplified contour of straight lines, circles and ellipses is then used which is as close as possible to this calculated contour.

All of the side profiles shown have in common that they form a taper in the center of the lamella 3 which, viewed from the ends of the lamina, tapers in each case towards the center. At the center, the lamella has its narrowest point. About one-quarter to one-third of the length of the sheet on the upper and lower ends of the sheet (the part of the sheet in the fixed bracket is not visible in Figures 5 and 6 ) has no taper but has a straight side profile. All the lamellae shown are symmetrical about their longitudinal axis and about a transverse axis passing through the center of the lamellae.

List of reference signs:

1 converter shell

2 Support ring

3 slices

4 Fixed brackets on top

5 Fixed brackets below

6 Straight thin protective elements

7 blocking mechanism

8 straight thick protective elements

9 Bending protection elements

10 Openings for supporting trunnions

11 Partial oval outline

12 Trapezoidal profile

13 round bow profile

14 Semi-elliptical outline

15 A lamella with double rotational symmetry.

Claims (13)

1. A tiltable converter with a support ring (2) surrounding the converter shell (1) at a distance, which has two diametrically opposed support trunnions, wherein the converter shell (1) is formed by a plurality of The connecting elements are fastened to the support ring (2), and the connecting elements are respectively fastened with their opposite ends rigidly on the one hand to the underside of the support ring (2) and on the other hand to the on the converter shell (1), characterized in that the connecting element consists of exactly one lamella (3, 15), which is protected against the converter shell (1) by means of protective elements (6, 8, 9) Covering, the protective element is likewise connected with its opposite ends not only to the converter shell (1) but also to the support ring (2), but only one of these ends is either connected to The support ring (2) is either rigidly connected to the converter shell (1). 2. The converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the other end of the protective element (6, 8, 9) is connected to the support ring (2) or the converter shell in the longitudinal direction with a gap (1) connected to allow free thermal expansion of the protective element. 3. The converter according to claim 2, characterized in that the other end of the protective element (6, 8, 9) is connected to the support ring (2) or the The above-mentioned converter shell (1) is connected. 4. The converter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the protective element (6, 8, 9) has a greater thickness than the lamellae (3, 15). 5 . The converter as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the protective element ( 6 , 8 , 9 ) has at least the length and width of the lamellae ( 3 , 15 ). 6 . The converter as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the protective elements ( 6 , 8 , 9 ) are arranged at least partially parallel to the laminations ( 3 , 15 ). . 7. The converter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the connecting element is arranged as close as possible to the bearing trunnion or to the opening (10) for the bearing trunnion superior. 8. The converter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the laminae (3, 15) taper from their opposite ends towards the center. 9 . The converter as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the laminations ( 3 ) are symmetrical both with respect to their longitudinal axis and with respect to their central transverse axis. 10 . 10 . The converter as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the lamellas ( 15 ) have a double rotational symmetry without symmetry about their longitudinal or transverse axes. 11 . 11. The converter as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that at least two of such lamellae (15) are arranged in pairs symmetrically to one another. 12. The converter as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the connecting element arranged closer to the bearing trunnion is configured wider than the adjacent other connecting elements. 13. The converter according to claim 11, characterized in that at least two of such lamellae (15) are symmetrical in pairs with respect to a vertical axis passing through the opening (10) for supporting the trunnion ground layout.

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