CN203216498U - Fire escape navigation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a fire escape navigation system. The current method is mainly aimed at the evacuation of crowds, and lacks consideration for individuals, which is likely to cause avoidable casualties in the event of a fire. The positioning infrastructure in the utility model is composed of a plurality of positioning and navigation units, and the positioning and navigation units are distributed in passages and corners that people must pass through. The navigation and protection terminal is composed of a positioning and navigation module and a protection module, and the positioning and navigation module includes a voice module, a radio frequency module, an MCU, and an RSS reading unit. The protection module includes a safety helmet, a gas mask, and goggles. The safety helmet is used to protect personnel from being injured by falling objects, and the protective mask and goggles are used to protect personnel from smoke. The terminal provided by the utility model can protect personnel from being damaged by smoke and falling objects to a certain extent; the terminal provides dynamic positioning service, so that personnel can still find a safety exit and escape smoothly even if they are not familiar with the terrain.

Description

A fire escape navigation system

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of computer application technology, and in particular relates to an RFID-based fire escape navigation system. the

Background technique

At present, the most widely used in fire escape is to set up safety exits, safety passages, and set up related signs. When a fire broke out, this method did play a role in helping people escape, but the current method still has its shortcomings:

(1) The current method requires personnel to be familiar with the indoor environment and the specific location of the safety exit, which is very unfavorable for a person who is not familiar with the environment, and they are very likely to miss the chance of escape because they cannot find the safety exit .

(2) The current method is mainly aimed at the evacuation of crowds, and lacks consideration for individuals, which is likely to cause avoidable casualties in the event of a fire. For example, the current measures do not take into account the protection of dense smoke, toxic and harmful gases, and the protection of falling objects.

Contents of the invention

In order to make up for the shortcomings of the current fire escape methods, the utility model designs a fire escape navigation system based on RFID. The system arranges positioning facilities indoors and provides terminals integrated with positioning modules and protection modules, so that people can be in Get navigation information for escape and self-protection in a fire.

The utility model includes positioning infrastructure, navigation and protection terminals.

The positioning infrastructure is composed of multiple positioning and navigation units. The positioning and navigation units are distributed in passages and corners that people must pass through. Each positioning and navigation unit has eight passive RFIDs.

Described navigation, protection terminal are made up of positioning, navigation module and protection module, and positioning, navigation module comprise voice module, radio frequency module, MCU, RSS reading unit; Positioning, navigation module are responsible for sending radio frequency signal to activate passive RFID, then The RSS value of each tag is obtained through the RSS reading unit, and the position, speed and direction of the person are obtained after processing by the MCU, and the position of the person and the position of the safety exit are notified to the person through the voice module; the protection module includes a safety helmet and a gas mask , goggles.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects:

(1) The terminal provided can protect personnel from smoke and falling objects to a certain extent;

(2) The terminal provides dynamic positioning services, enabling personnel to find safe exits and escape smoothly even when they are not familiar with the terrain;

(3) The price of RFID is low, and the system adopts RFID positioning technology, which has a price advantage in the laying of infrastructure;

(4) RFID arrays are used for positioning. If one or several tags in an array are damaged, it will not cause a great impact, and the reliability of the system is high.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows the layout of the RFID array;

FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a terminal;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the terminal;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a positioning algorithm;

Figure 5 is an example of the layout of the system.

Detailed ways

The layout and operation of the system will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows the layout of the RFID array. The length and width of an array are both 2m, and there are 8 passive RFIDs. There is a tag on each of the four corners of the array, and there are 4 tags in the center. These four tags are about The center is symmetrical, and the distance between them is 1m.

FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a terminal. As shown in the figure, the terminal includes two parts: a positioning module, a navigation module and a protection module. The positioning and navigation module is further divided into a voice module, a radio frequency module, an MCU, and an RSS reading unit. The radio frequency module is responsible for sending radio frequency signals to activate the RFID. The RSS reading unit is responsible for obtaining the RSS data of the tag and sending it to the MCU. After processing the data, the MCU obtains positioning and navigation information, and provides navigation services for personnel through the voice module. The protection module includes three parts: safety helmet, gas mask and goggles. Safety helmets are used to protect people from falling objects, and protective masks and goggles are used to protect people from smoke.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the terminal, the main body is a safety helmet, 1 of which is the radio frequency module and the RSS sensing unit; 2 is the MCU, and 3 is the voice module, which are connected by lines; 4 and 5 are the goggles and Protective masks.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a positioning algorithm. Specifically, the RFID array positioning algorithm is: the algorithm utilizes the principle that the RSS value of the RFID return signal decreases as the distance increases to achieve positioning. When the radio frequency signal of the navigation module covers the tags in the RFID array, these tags are activated and emit a corresponding radio frequency signal. At this time, the RSS reading unit obtains the RSS value of the received tag signal. According to the previously calibrated relationship between the RSS value and the distance, draw a circle with each tag as the center and the distance from the tag to the terminal as the radius, so that every two circles have two intersection points. When the RSS unit is reading for the first time When the tag is reached, the point farther from the center of the array is selected as the possible position, and the selected point after that is determined according to the number of tags received in the RSS. For example, when the received tag is relatively Select a point that is farther from the center of the array when it is rare, otherwise select a point that is closer to the center of the array, and then average the coordinates of all possible positions, which is the position of the current terminal. After that, the RSS value is measured every 0.5 seconds, the location information of the terminal is obtained, and the trajectory of the terminal is drawn, so as to obtain the direction and speed of the movement.

The small rectangle in the figure indicates the position of the terminal, the circle with it as the center is the radio frequency coverage, and the left side is the RFID array. You can see that there are two tags within the radio frequency coverage, so these two tags send out radio frequency Signal, determine the tag distance according to the RSS value received by the terminal. The two smaller circles in the figure are circles drawn by the distance represented by the RSS value returned by the tag. The two circles have two intersection points. According to the above description Algorithm, take the intersection point on the right as the possible location point.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a system layout, which represents an indoor space, the large shaded part represents the room, the small shaded part (ie A-E) represents the RFID array, the blank part represents the aisle, the dot is the current location, and the arrow For safe exit.

In the infrastructure of the system, that is, the layout of the RFID array needs to be arranged at each intersection, that is, the place where people must pass, as shown in the figure. When a fire breaks out, the personnel at the current location need to wear our helmet, that is, the navigation and protection terminal, and turn on the power switch of the terminal to make it work, so as to provide navigation services for personnel and protect personnel safety. When people escape, A is the place they must pass. When they approach A, the RFID array at A starts to work and emits a corresponding radio frequency signal. At this time, the RSS reading unit in the terminal obtains the RSS data and sends it to MCU, the MCU processes it through the positioning algorithm to obtain the position, trajectory and speed of the person, and then matches the obtained position information with the existing map in the terminal to obtain the specific information of the current position of the person and the corresponding The location and path of the safety exit to help people escape safely.

Claims (1)

1. A fire escape navigation system, characterized in that: comprising positioning infrastructure and navigation, protection terminal; The positioning infrastructure is composed of a plurality of positioning and navigation units, and the positioning and navigation units are distributed in passages and corners that people must pass through, and each positioning and navigation unit has eight passive RFIDs; Described navigation, protection terminal are made up of positioning, navigation module and protection module, and positioning, navigation module comprise voice module, radio frequency module, MCU, RSS reading unit; Positioning, navigation module are responsible for sending radio frequency signal to activate passive RFID, then The RSS value of each tag is obtained through the RSS reading unit, and the position, speed and direction of the person are obtained after processing by the MCU, and the position of the person and the position of the safety exit are notified to the person through the voice module; the protection module includes a safety helmet and a gas mask , goggles.

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