CN203068818U - Flat-plate solar PV hot water and hot air composite collector - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a flat-plate solar photovoltaic hot water hot air composite heat collector. It consists of a box body, uniformly distributed copper pipes, water inlet pipes, water outlet pipes and a glass cover. There is a heat absorbing plate in the cavity between the glass cover and the copper pipe. The copper pipe is in contact with the heat absorbing plate. The glass cover and the absorbing plate An air interlayer is formed between the heat plates; photovoltaic cells are uniformly distributed on the top surface of the heat absorption plate adjacent to the glass cover, and small flow resistance blocks are evenly distributed on the bottom surface of the heat absorption plate; the width direction of the box below the bottom surface of the heat absorption plate The two side walls are respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and a through air passage is formed in the box below the bottom surface of the heat absorbing plate. The flat-plate solar photovoltaic hot water hot air composite heat collector of the utility model can realize the frequency division utilization of solar energy, generate electric energy and heat energy at the same time, and greatly improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy; the hot water or hot air mode can be selected according to seasons and environmental requirements , to realize the full use of light and heat throughout the year, while reducing the temperature of photovoltaic panels and improving photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Description

Flat-plate solar photovoltaic hot water hot air composite collector

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of solar photovoltaic photothermal comprehensive utilization, in particular to a flat-plate solar photovoltaic photothermal composite heat collector.

Background technique

Solar photovoltaic utilization and photothermal utilization are two important aspects of solar energy utilization. At present, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar photovoltaic modules is still low, and the temperature rise after the battery absorbs solar radiation will also lead to a decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency. When the battery temperature rises by 1 °C, its photoelectric conversion efficiency will drop by 3 to 5‰. In recent years, solar photovoltaic/thermal integrated utilization (PV/T) systems have attracted widespread attention due to their good comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy. On the one hand, the PV/T system improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of photoelectricity, light and heat per unit area; on the other hand, the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is reduced through the cooling of the heat transfer working fluid, which improves the photoelectric efficiency. At present, the heat transfer fluids of PV/T system mainly include air and water. In China, photovoltaic hot water collectors, photovoltaic air collectors, and dual-function collectors combining air and hot water are widely used, such as photovoltaic-driven solar air collectors (CN102322695A), whole-plate tube-sheet Photovoltaic hot water module (CN101740650A), flat plate heat pipe solar photovoltaic photothermal composite collector and its manufacturing process (CN102646742), multifunctional flat plate collector (CN201155869), etc.

Solar air collectors are mainly used for building heating in winter, and the effective use of solar energy cannot be realized at other times of the year. Solar hot water collectors are mainly used for hot water production in spring, summer and autumn. In winter, the utilization rate is not high and it is prone to freezing. Therefore, neither the single hot water PV/T module nor the air PV/T module can realize the effective utilization of solar energy throughout the year, and it is necessary to carry out structural transformation. Existing dual-function collectors can provide hot water and room heating needs, but still require external power to drive water pumps or fans in active circulation. At the same time, the existing solar air collectors mainly increase the heat exchange between the air in the flow channel and the heat-absorbing plate by adding spoilers or heat-exchanging fins, but the setting of spoilers or fins will increase wind resistance and The energy consumption of the fan also increases the metal consumption and increases the manufacturing cost of the collector.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a flat-plate solar photovoltaic hot water hot air composite heat collector that can make full use of solar energy throughout the year, make photovoltaic cells work efficiently, and output hot water or hot air at the same time .

The flat-plate solar photovoltaic hot water hot air composite heat collector includes a collector box composed of four frame plates 11 and a bottom plate 12, and the inner surfaces of the four frame plates 11 and the bottom plate 12 are all provided with insulation material layers 10; Copper tubes 5 are uniformly arranged along the length direction in the heater box. One end of the copper tubes 5 is connected to the water inlet pipe 6, and the other end is connected to the water outlet pipe 7. The water inlet of the water inlet pipe 6 extends to the length direction of the collector box. Outside one side wall, the water outlet of the water outlet pipe 7 extends to the outside of the other side wall in the length direction of the collector box; the top of the collector box is provided with a glass cover plate 1, which is characterized in that: the glass cover plate 1 and The heat collector box between the copper tubes 5 is provided with a heat absorbing plate 2, the copper tube 5 is in contact with the heat absorbing plate 2, an air interlayer 14 is formed between the glass cover plate 1 and the heat absorbing plate 2, and the glass cover plate 1 Photovoltaic cells 3 are evenly distributed on the top surface of the adjacent heat-absorbing plate 2, and small flow resistance blocks 4 are evenly arranged on the bottom surface of the heat-absorbing plate 2; An air inlet 8 is provided, and an air outlet 9 is provided on the other side wall in the width direction of the corresponding heat collector box, and a through air passage 13 is formed in the heat collector box below the bottom surface of the heat absorbing plate 2 .

The height of the tiny flow resistance block 4 is no more than 1/10 of the height of the air channel 13 .

The copper pipe 5 is welded to the heat absorbing plate 2 .

The tiny flow resistance block 4 is a small cubic block or an angle steel block.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of:

(1) The flat-panel solar photovoltaic hot water hot air composite heat collector of the utility model can realize the frequency division utilization of solar energy, generate electric energy and heat energy at the same time, and greatly improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy;

(2) The flat-panel solar photovoltaic hot water and hot air composite collector of this utility model can choose hot water or hot air mode according to season and environmental requirements, realize full use of light and heat throughout the year, reduce the temperature of photovoltaic panels at the same time, and improve photovoltaic conversion efficiency;

(3) The back of the heat absorbing plate of the utility model is bonded with tiny flow resistance blocks. Compared with metal fins, it can greatly reduce the metal consumption while improving the heat transfer coefficient between the heat absorbing plate and the air, and has less influence on the flow channel resistance. Small, in the hot water working mode, the heat collection efficiency of hot water will not be reduced due to the heat dissipation of the fins.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of removing glass cover plate of the utility model.

Figure 2 is a front section and a partial section view of the collector.

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional and partial cross-sectional view of the back of the collector.

Serial numbers in the above picture: glass cover plate 1, heat absorbing plate 2, photovoltaic cell 3, micro flow resistance block 4, copper pipe 5, water inlet pipe 6, water outlet pipe 7, air inlet 8, air outlet 9, insulation material layer 10, A frame plate 11 , a bottom plate 12 , an air channel 13 , and an air interlayer 14 .

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described further through embodiment.

Referring to Fig. 1, the flat-plate solar photovoltaic hot water hot air composite heat collector includes a collector box composed of four frame plates 11 and a bottom plate 12, and the inner surfaces of the four frame plates 11 and the bottom plate 12 are all provided with thermal insulation materials Layer 10. Copper tubes 5 are evenly distributed along the length of the collector box, one end of the copper tubes 5 is connected to the water inlet pipe 6, and the other end is connected to the water outlet pipe 7, and the water inlet of the water inlet pipe 6 extends to the length of the collector box. The water outlet of the water outlet pipe 7 extends to the outside of the other side wall in the length direction of the collector box; the top of the collector box is equipped with a glass cover plate 1 . Referring to Fig. 2, a heat absorbing plate 2 is installed in the collector box between the glass cover plate 1 and the copper tube 5, and the copper tube 5 and the heat absorbing plate 2 are welded and connected; between the glass cover plate 1 and the heat absorbing plate 2 An air interlayer 14 is formed, and the air interlayer 14 is a sealed space in which the air is in a stagnant state, which reduces the convective heat loss between the heat absorbing plate 2 and the glass cover 1 and ensures the photothermal performance; the heat absorbing adjacent to the glass cover 1 Photovoltaic cells 3 are evenly distributed on the top surface of the plate 2, and micro-flow resistance blocks 4 are evenly distributed on the bottom surface of the heat-absorbing plate 2, as shown in Figure 3. The micro-flow resistance blocks are small cubes or angle steel blocks, and the height does not exceed the air 1/10 of the height of the runner 13. An air inlet 8 is provided on the side wall of the heat collector box in the width direction below the bottom surface of the heat absorbing plate 2, and an air outlet 9 is provided on the corresponding side wall of the heat collector box in the width direction. A through air channel 13 is formed in the lower heat collector box.

Different from the existing air collectors with fins, the small flow resistance block 4 is not used to increase the heat exchange area, but to destroy the laminar boundary layer near the wall of the heat absorbing plate, so as to improve the gap between the air and the heat absorbing plate 2. The purpose of the convective heat transfer coefficient can also improve the air outlet temperature and collector thermal efficiency. Therefore, the tiny block 4 does not have to be made of metal material, and the purpose of destroying the laminar boundary layer can also be achieved by using other non-metallic materials.

After the heat collector of the utility model receives solar radiation, 10% to 15% of the energy is absorbed by the photovoltaic cell layer and converted into electric energy, and the remaining 85% to 90% of the energy is absorbed by the heat absorbing plate 2 in the form of heat. While the heat of the heat-absorbing plate is taken away by water or air, the operating temperature of the photovoltaic cell 3 is also reduced, thereby achieving the purpose of improving photoelectric conversion efficiency.

When the heat collector of the utility model works in the hot water heat collection mode, the air inlet 8 and the air outlet 9 of the heat collector are sealed by plugs with insulation layers, water flows into the copper pipe 5 from the water inlet pipe 6, and absorbs heat from the heat-absorbing plate 2 After heating, it flows into the next stage heat collector or heat storage tank through the water outlet pipe 7.

When the heat collector of the utility model works in the hot air heat collection mode, the water inlet of the water inlet pipe 6 and the water outlet of the water outlet pipe 7 are closed, the air inlet 8 and the air outlet 9 are connected to the external air pipe, and the air enters through the air inlet 8 After the heat collector, after exchanging heat with the heat-absorbing plate 2 with the small flow resistance block 4, it is sent out through the air outlet 9.

Claims (4)

1. plate type solar photo voltaic hot water hot-air compound heat collector comprises the heat collector cases of being made up of four lateral frame boards (11) and base plate (12), and the medial surface of four lateral frame boards (11) and base plate (12) is equipped with adiabator layer (10); Uniform arrangement along its length is provided with copper pipe (5) in the heat collector cases, one end of copper pipe (5) is being communicated with water inlet pipe (6), the other end is being communicated with outlet pipe (7), the water inlet of water inlet pipe (6) extends heat collector cases length direction one sidewall outside, and the delivery port of outlet pipe (7) extends another sidewall outside of heat collector cases length direction; The heat collector cases top is provided with glass cover-plate (1), it is characterized in that: be provided with absorber plate (2) in the heat collector cases between described glass cover-plate (1) and the copper pipe (5), copper pipe (5) contacts with absorber plate (2), form air blanketing (14) between glass cover-plate (1) and the absorber plate (2), be laid with photovoltaic cell (3) on absorber plate (2) end face adjacent with glass cover-plate (1), absorber plate (2) is laid with small flow resistance piece (4) on the bottom surface; Heat collector cases width one sidewall of below, absorber plate (2) bottom surface is provided with air inlet (8), corresponding another sidewall of heat collector cases width is provided with air outlet (9), forms the air flow channel (13) that connects in the heat collector cases of below, absorber plate (2) bottom surface.

2. plate type solar photo voltaic hot water hot-air compound heat collector according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the height of described small flow resistance piece (4) is no more than 1/10 of air flow channel (13) height.

3. according to claim 1 and 2 described plate type solar photo voltaic hot water hot-air compound heat collectors, it is characterized in that: described copper pipe (5) and absorber plate (2) are welded to connect.

4. plate type solar photo voltaic hot water hot-air compound heat collector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: small flow resistance piece (4) is little cubic block or angle steel shape piece.

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