Background
With the market demand for high-power supplies, single-phase power supply is adopted, and because input voltage is lower, if output power is required to be larger, input current is required to be larger, so that the loss of power supply equipment is large. In order to solve the problem, many high-power supplies in the market currently adopt high-voltage input power supply, but under the condition of high voltage input, the voltage stress of internal components (such as an input capacitor and the like) of the power converter is correspondingly increased. Therefore, a power converter is generally formed by connecting N (N is an integer greater than or equal to 2) identical converter units in series at their primary sides (the secondary sides can be connected in parallel or output separately), as shown in fig. 1, a power converter is formed by connecting two identical DC/DC converter units in series at their primary sides, the power converter inputs a voltage Vin and outputs a voltage Vout, in the power converter, capacitors C1 and C2 are connected across between positive and negative input ends of the two DC/DC converter units, the input end capacitors C1 and C2 are equal and connected in series, and the parameters of the DC/DC converter units are identical, so that the input voltages Vdc1 and Vdc2 at the primary side of each converter are reduced to half due to the divided voltage of the capacitors, and the corresponding switching voltage stress can be reduced similarly. However, in an actual circuit, voltage on the input end capacitor cannot be equalized when driving pulse widths are inconsistent and efficiencies of each converter are inconsistent due to differences of internal parameters (such as ESR) of the input end capacitor and discreteness of control circuit parameters in the converters. Particularly, when each path of parameters are greatly different, and the converter works and is under light load, the input capacitor is possibly seriously unbalanced, so that the components such as the capacitor, the switch tube, the output rectifier diode and the like are insufficient in voltage resistance to damage the converter. Therefore, in a power supply adopting the primary side series connection technology of the converter, a voltage equalizing circuit is usually required to be added to ensure the voltage equalization of the capacitor.
As shown in fig. 2, a conventional voltage-sharing circuit for a power converter is disclosed in patent document CN1335668A, which is named as a voltage-sharing circuit for a power converter, and the voltage-sharing circuit includes a transformer T1, a transformer T1 includes two common-core primary windings, the two primary windings have the same number of turns, and are connected in series with a fifth power switching tube Q5 and a sixth power switching tube Q6 respectively; the connecting point of the two primary side coils is connected with the neutral line of the DC/DC converter, and the other ends of the two primary sides are respectively connected with the input positive end and the input negative end of the converter. Two power switching tubes Q5, Q6 are connected to the in-phase pulse. In the figure, the main circuit part shows only two capacitances C1, C2. One drawback of the voltage-sharing circuit is that when two converters in fig. 1 have no voltage sharing, it is assumed that Vdc1 is greater than Vdc2, and at this time, the voltage-sharing circuit operates, so that Vdc1 and Vdc2 tend to be equal, but in the working process of the voltage-sharing circuit adjusting Vdc1 and Vdc2 to be equal, according to the law of electromagnetic induction, it can be known that one way of low voltage, that is, the primary winding connected in parallel with the capacitor C2, forms a reverse loop, so that the sixth switch tube Q6 generates loss, and the efficiency of the converter is affected to generate adverse factors.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses the technical problem that will solve is: make up the not enough of above-mentioned prior art, propose a equalizer circuit for power converter, in the in-process that the voltage-sharing was realized in the input end electric capacity of regulation converter unit, the loss of switch tube among the equalizer circuit reduces.
The technical problem of the utility model is solved through following technical scheme:
a voltage equalizing circuit for a power converter, the power converter comprising N converter cells, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; a capacitor is arranged between the positive input end and the negative input end of each converter unit in a transboundary mode, and the capacitors are identical and are connected in series; the voltage-sharing circuit comprises a transformer and N switching tubes, the transformer comprises N primary coils sharing a magnetic core, the number of turns of each primary coil is the same, and the same-name ends of each primary coil are the same; the N primary coils are respectively connected with the N switching tubes in series to form N series units, and the control ends of the N switching tubes receive the same driving control signal; the voltage-sharing circuit further comprises N diodes, the N diodes and the N series-connection units form N voltage-sharing sub-units, and the N voltage-sharing sub-units are respectively connected with the N capacitors in parallel; in each voltage sharing sub-unit, the anode of the diode is used as the input end of the voltage sharing sub-unit and is connected with the positive end of the capacitor, the cathode of the diode is connected with one end of the series connection unit, and the other end of the series connection unit is used as the output end of the voltage sharing sub-unit and is connected with the negative end of the capacitor; or one end of the series connection unit is used as the input end of the voltage-sharing unit and connected with the positive end of the capacitor, the other end of the series connection unit is connected with the anode of the diode, and the cathode of the diode is used as the output end of the voltage-sharing unit and connected with the negative end of the capacitor.
The utility model discloses beneficial effect with the prior art contrast is:
the utility model discloses a voltage-sharing circuit for power converter, the tandem unit that primary coil and switch tube series connection are constituteed, in each voltage-sharing subelement of voltage-sharing circuit, add the diode, constitute in the voltage-sharing subelement by diode and above-mentioned tandem unit, thus, the in-process of voltage-sharing is realized adjusting converter input electric capacity, in the parallelly connected voltage-sharing subelement return circuit of electric capacity of relative low pressure one side, because the one-way conductivity of diode, can't form reverse loop, make during the regulation do not have the electric current to flow in the switch tube among this voltage-sharing subelement, thereby reduce the loss of switch tube among the parallelly connected voltage-sharing subelement of relative low pressure one side electric capacity in the accommodation process.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following embodiments.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in fig. 3, a circuit configuration diagram of a voltage equalizing circuit applied to a power converter in the present embodiment is shown. The power converter to which the voltage-sharing circuit of the present embodiment is applied (the same as the power converter to which the conventional voltage-sharing circuit shown in fig. 1 is applied) includes two converter units, a first converter unit 100 and a second converter unit 200, a first capacitor C1 is connected across the positive and negative input terminals of the first converter unit 100, a second capacitor C2 is connected across the positive and negative input terminals of the second converter unit 200, and the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are the same and are connected in series. The first converter unit 100 and the second converter unit 200 shown in fig. 3 are both DC/DC converters, which may also be DC/AC converters or AC/DC converters.
As shown in fig. 4, a circuit configuration diagram of the voltage equalizer circuit according to the present embodiment is shown. The main circuit part only shows the first capacitance C1 and the second capacitance C2. The voltage equalizing circuit comprises a transformer T, a first switch tube Q1, a second switch tube Q2, a first diode D1 and a second diode D2. The transformer T comprises a first primary coil T-A and a second primary coil T-B of a common magnetic core, the first primary coil T-A and the second primary coil T-B have the same number of turns, and the same name ends are the same. The secondary side of the transformer T shown in fig. 4 comprises only one secondary winding T-C, the output voltage of which is supplied to the Load. In practical applications, two or more secondary windings may also be included. The control ends of the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 receive the same driving control signal, and the two switch tubes are turned on and turned off simultaneously.
The voltage-sharing circuit comprises two voltage-sharing subunits: the capacitor comprises a first voltage sharing subunit 1 and a second voltage sharing subunit 2, wherein the first voltage sharing subunit 1 is connected with a first capacitor C1 in parallel, and the second voltage sharing subunit 2 is connected with a second capacitor C2 in parallel.
The specific circuit connections in the first voltage-sharing subunit 10 are as follows: the first primary coil T-a and the first switching tube Q1 are connected in series to form a first series unit 1, and the first diode D1 and the first series unit 1 form a first voltage equalizer unit 10, which specifically includes: the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the positive terminal of the first capacitor C1 as the input terminal of the first voltage-sharing subunit 10, the cathode is connected to one end of the first series-connection unit 1, and the other end of the first series-connection unit 1 is connected to the negative terminal of the first capacitor C1 as the output terminal of the first voltage-sharing subunit 10.
The specific circuit connections in the second voltage-sharing subunit 20 are as follows: the second primary winding T-B and the second switching tube Q2 are connected in series to form a second series unit 2, and the second diode D2 and the second series unit 2 form a second voltage equalizer unit 20, which specifically comprises: the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the positive terminal of the second capacitor C2 as the input terminal of the second voltage equalizer unit 20, the cathode is connected to one end of the second series unit 2, and the other end of the second series unit 2 is connected to the negative terminal of the second capacitor C2 as the output terminal of the second voltage equalizer unit 20.
The voltage-sharing adjustment working principle of the voltage-sharing circuit is as follows: when the voltages of the capacitors C1 and C2 at the two input ends are equalized, the upper voltage equalizing subunit and the lower voltage equalizing subunit (the flyback circuit) operate in the same way without energy exchange, and the circuit diagram is shown in fig. 5 (only the circuit diagram at the primary side of the transformer of the equalizing circuit is shown in fig. 5).
When the voltages of the capacitors C1 and C2 at the two input ends are not voltage-sharing, assuming that Vdc1 is greater than Vdc2, according to the law of electromagnetic induction, energy exchange exists between the loop of the first voltage-sharing subunit 10 and the loop of the second voltage-sharing subunit 20, and energy is poured from the path with high input voltage to the path with low input voltage, that is, the second primary coil T-B of the transformer in the second voltage-sharing subunit 20 can induce and generate a voltage corresponding to Vdc 1. If the second diode D2 is not present, the induced voltage will generate a current in the loop along the direction of the second primary winding T-B → the second capacitor C2 → the second switch Q2, resulting in a loss in the second switch Q2 during the voltage non-equalizing adjustment. In the voltage equalizing circuit according to the present embodiment, the diode is added, and the one-way conduction characteristic of the diode prevents conduction of the current loop, so that the loss of the second switching tube Q2 is reduced. At this time, the second primary winding T-B does not participate in energy mutexchange, and only the path with high input voltage (T-a) can store energy into the transformer T, and the circuit is shown in fig. 6. When the switch tube is controlled to be switched off by the switch tube driving control signal, the energy stored in the transformer T is input to the high-voltage path (the first voltage-sharing subunit 10) to supply energy to the secondary side, the voltage of the path is reduced, when the voltage of the path is reduced to be the same as that of the path (the second voltage-sharing subunit 20) with low input voltage, the two paths work simultaneously, the dynamic voltage-sharing effect is achieved, and if the secondary side is loaded more, the voltage-sharing effect is better. If Vdc1< Vdc2, when the switch is turned on, the circuit is as shown in fig. 7, and the principle when the switch is turned off is the same as that described above, the energy stored in the transformer T for the second equalizer unit 20 supplies energy to the secondary side, and the voltage of the secondary side drops, and when the voltage drops to be the same as that of the first equalizer unit 10, the two paths work simultaneously, so as to achieve the voltage equalizing effect.
As described above, in the voltage-sharing circuit according to this embodiment, the diode is additionally provided, so that in the process of adjusting the capacitance at the input end of the converter from the non-voltage-sharing state to the voltage-sharing state, because of the unidirectional conductivity of the diode, a reverse loop cannot be formed in the voltage-sharing subunit loop in parallel with the capacitance at the low-voltage side, so that no current flows through the switching tube in the voltage-sharing subunit during the adjustment period, and the loss of the switching tube in the voltage-sharing subunit during the adjustment process can be reduced.
Detailed description of the invention
The voltage equalizing circuit of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the connection of the diode and the series unit in the voltage-equalizing subunit circuit in this embodiment is different.
As shown in fig. 8, a circuit configuration diagram of the voltage equalizer circuit according to the present embodiment is shown. The power converter to which the voltage-sharing circuit is applied is the same as that in the first embodiment, and the components in the voltage-sharing circuit are also the same as those in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is not repeated here.
The specific circuit connections in the first voltage-sharing subunit 10 are as follows: the first primary coil T-a and the first switching tube Q1 are connected in series to form a first series unit 1, and the first diode D1 and the first series unit 1 form a first voltage equalizer unit 10, which specifically includes: one end of the first series unit 1 is connected with the positive terminal of the first capacitor C1 as the input end of the first voltage equalizer unit 10, the other end of the first series unit 1 is connected with the anode of the first diode D1, and the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected with the negative terminal of the first capacitor C1 as the output end of the first voltage equalizer unit 10.
The specific circuit connections in the second voltage-sharing subunit 20 are as follows: the second primary winding T-B and the second switching tube Q2 are connected in series to form a second series unit 2, and the second diode D2 and the second series unit 2 form a second voltage equalizer unit 20, which specifically comprises: one end of the second series unit 2 is connected with the positive terminal of the second capacitor C2 as the input end of the second voltage equalizer unit 20, the other end of the second series unit 2 is connected with the anode of the second diode D2, and the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected with the negative terminal of the second capacitor C2 as the output end of the second voltage equalizer unit 20.
In the voltage-sharing subunit circuit of the present embodiment, the connection between the diode and the series unit can utilize the one-way conductivity of the diode in the process from voltage-sharing to voltage-sharing of the capacitor at the input end of the converter, so that the voltage-sharing subunit circuit connected in parallel with the capacitor on the lower voltage side can not form a reverse circuit, and the loss of the switching tube in the voltage-sharing subunit circuit in the adjusting process can also be reduced.
Detailed description of the invention
The voltage equalizing circuit of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the voltage-sharing subunit circuit in this embodiment further includes a resistor and a capacitor, and the resistor and the capacitor are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the primary coil in the voltage-sharing subunit.
As shown in fig. 9, a circuit configuration diagram of the voltage equalizer circuit according to the present embodiment is shown. The power converter to which the voltage-sharing circuit is applied is the same as the first embodiment, and the description thereof is not repeated. In the voltage-sharing circuit, the first voltage-sharing subunit 10 further includes a first resistor R1 and a third capacitor C3, and the first resistor R1 and the third capacitor C3 are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the first primary winding T-a in the first voltage-sharing subunit 10. The second voltage-sharing subunit 20 further comprises a second resistor R2 and a fourth capacitor C4, and the second resistor R2 and the fourth capacitor C4 are connected in series and then connected in parallel with a second primary winding T-B in the second voltage-sharing subunit 20. The added resistor and capacitor can absorb the peak generated by the leakage inductance of the transformer T, the turn-to-turn capacitor, the capacitor between PCB wires and the semiconductor junction capacitor, and can reduce the voltage stress of the switch tube.
Detailed description of the invention
The voltage equalizing circuit of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the voltage equalizing circuit in the first embodiment includes a plurality of voltage equalizing subunit circuits, and the voltage equalizing circuit in the second embodiment includes two voltage equalizing subunit circuits.
In this embodiment, each of the plurality of voltage-sharing subunit circuits includes a diode, and in the process of adjusting the capacitance at the input end of the converter from the non-voltage-sharing state to the voltage-sharing state, the unidirectional conductivity of the diode is utilized, so that a reverse loop cannot be formed in the voltage-sharing subunit loop in which the capacitors on the side of the plurality of relatively low voltages are connected in parallel, and the loss of the switching tubes in the plurality of voltage-sharing subunits in the adjustment process can also be reduced.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the specific preferred embodiments thereof, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments shown and described. To the ordinary skilled person in the technical field of the utility model, do not deviate from the utility model discloses make a plurality of replacements or obvious variant under the prerequisite of thinking, performance or usage are the same moreover, all should regard as belonging to the utility model's scope of protection.