CN201908373U - Air temperature self-adaptive energy-saving device and energy-saving wall body - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a temperature self-adaptive energy-saving device. The device includes a solar photovoltaic power generation square matrix layer, a heat dissipation layer, a thermoelectric heat pump core layer and a heat radiation layer from the outside to the inside. The solar photovoltaic power generation square matrix layer is composed of a photovoltaic cell The core layer of the thermoelectric heat pump is composed of thermoelectric heat pump chips. The solar photovoltaic power generation array layer and the core layer of the thermoelectric heat pump are connected by wires, and a current steering switch is connected to the wires. The utility model also discloses an energy-saving wall body, the side wall and/or the top plate of the wall body are drilled with mounting holes, and the aforementioned air temperature self-adaptive energy-saving device is installed in the mounting holes. The temperature adaptive energy-saving device and the energy-saving wall of the utility model have the advantages of simple and compact structure, convenient construction, low cost, good temperature control and energy-saving effects, and the like.

Description

Temperature self-adaptive energy-saving device and energy-saving wall

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of building energy saving, in particular to a device with multiple temperature control functions and an energy-saving building component equipped with the device.

Background technique

Under the dual constraints of energy crisis and environmental protection, energy-saving buildings have gradually become a development trend in the construction field. At present, energy-saving technologies for building envelopes mainly include wall internal/external insulation, self-insulation, sandwich insulation, etc., which are limited to improving the thermal performance of the envelope or increasing the thickness of the envelope. As we all know, these energy-saving measures can only meet the energy-saving requirements of buildings in severe cold regions in winter. For southern regions where summer is extremely hot, especially at cool nights, thermal insulation walls may instead become resistance to ventilation and cooling in summer, weakening the energy-saving effect of buildings. Therefore, the development of building energy-saving walls and energy-saving devices that can keep warm in winter and prevent heat in summer is of great significance to reduce building energy consumption and achieve sustainable development.

At present, the solar photovoltaic building integrated technology has been developed rapidly. Since the combination of photovoltaic arrays and buildings does not occupy additional ground space, it can alleviate the tension of urban land use; more importantly, the installation of solar photovoltaic arrays in The external surface of the building envelope to provide electricity can make the building change from a purely energy-consuming type to an energy-supplying type, which can alleviate the huge contradiction between urban development and energy supply. However, in the process of solar cell power generation, the temperature of the back of the battery is higher than the surface temperature and the ambient air temperature. ℃, the conversion efficiency decreases by 0.4% to 0.5% on average. In practical applications, only 6% to 15% of solar energy is converted into electrical energy output when photovoltaic cells are working, and the remaining 85% is converted into heat energy. This makes the existing Solar photovoltaic systems have the problems of low photoelectric conversion efficiency and relatively high power generation costs. In order to improve the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells, the commonly used heat dissipation method for photovoltaic cells is to use air or water as the cooling medium, but the effect is not very satisfactory. When the room needs heating, the thermal energy generated by the solar modules is wasted in vain. Therefore, research on high-efficiency cooling systems for photovoltaic power generation plays an important role in improving the overall efficiency of photovoltaic power generation systems.

It is worth noting that solar photovoltaic power generation produces direct current, and the cost of power generation is only 0.7 yuan/kWh. Usually, after the solar photovoltaic power generation system converts light energy into direct current, it flows to the combiner box through various pipelines, and the combiner box converts the concentrated electricity into direct current. The direct current is sent to the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter (the efficiency of the inverter is 84.4%), and then converted into alternating current and sent to the grid; coupled with the power loss of the controller and the transmission line, the final system energy utilization efficiency is greatly reduced, which leads to At present, the cost of grid-connected power generation has been greatly increased (the cost of grid-connected power generation is about 2 yuan/kWh). Therefore, it is necessary for us to study the application mode of in-situ power generation and in-situ electricity consumption of photovoltaic power generation.

On the other hand, solar-driven refrigeration technologies currently mainly include two types: adsorption type and absorption type. However, these two types of air conditioners are large in size and low in efficiency, and it is difficult to achieve miniaturization and compactness, and it is even more difficult to combine them with building envelopes. Realize the goal of building integrated solar energy.

CN201466046U Chinese patent document discloses an integrated energy-saving system for photoelectric, photothermal and thermal insulation buildings, which uses metal heat pipes to absorb heat from photovoltaic cell substrates, and stores the heat in water to supply people's production and life. However, this system only passively transfers the heat of the photovoltaic panels to the water, and does not actively absorb and cool the heat energy of the photovoltaic panels, and it cannot realize the cooling function, and the system structure is relatively complicated, and it cannot realize indoor Active control of ambient temperature.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a temperature self-adaptive energy-saving device with simple and compact structure, convenient construction, low cost, good temperature control and energy-saving effect, and correspondingly provide a device that can adapt to the seasons and climate change, energy-efficient walls with multiple functions such as heating, ventilation and cooling.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution proposed by the utility model is an air temperature self-adaptive energy-saving device, which includes a solar photovoltaic power generation square array layer, a heat dissipation layer, a thermoelectric heat pump core layer and a heat radiation layer from the outside to the inside. The solar photovoltaic power generation matrix layer is spliced by photovoltaic panels, the thermoelectric heat pump core layer is composed of thermoelectric heat pump chips, the solar photovoltaic power generation square matrix layer and the thermoelectric heat pump core layer are connected by wires, and the wires are connected There is a current diversion switch.

The above technical solution is based on the following technical ideas: First, use photovoltaic power generation to directly generate direct current through the photoelectric effect, and then directly transport the generated direct current to the core layer of the semiconductor thermoelectric heat pump, and then use the core layer of the thermoelectric heat pump to obtain lower-grade heat (such as Building heating, domestic hot water and low-temperature drying, etc.) high efficiency and unique advantages, organically combine photovoltaic power generation technology and thermoelectric heat pump technology; The thermal semiconductor heat pump thermoelectric chip fully absorbs the heat of the photovoltaic cell substrate, and then simultaneously utilizes the energy generated by solar photovoltaic and photothermal energy and effectively converts it into indoor heating, so that the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system and the thermoelectric heat pump system are effectively improved. , to maximize the utilization efficiency and stability of the solar photovoltaic power generation system, increase the temperature of the heat source, and meet the energy supply of the building.

As a further improvement to the above technical solution, in the above air temperature self-adaptive energy-saving device, the heat dissipation layer is provided with a radiator connected to the thermoelectric heat pump chip, and a radiator is provided between the solar photovoltaic power generation square layer. There is a heat dissipation air duct, and the air vent of the heat dissipation air duct is provided with an air duct switch for controlling the opening and closing of the air vent. By adjusting the opening and closing of the air duct switch, different functions of the cooling air duct can be realized, and different working states of the air temperature self-adaptive energy-saving device can be realized correspondingly. For example, preferably, when the heat dissipation air duct is provided with upper and lower vents, the upper and lower vents are respectively provided with a corresponding upper air duct switch and a lower air duct switch. Under working conditions, the upper and lower air duct switches can be closed at the same time, and the cooling air duct becomes a closed space, and the air medium in it can play a good heat preservation effect, so that the heat emitted by the photovoltaic panels can be stored in the airtight cooling air duct At the same time, the direct current generated by the photovoltaic cells is directly used to drive the thermoelectric heat pump chipset to absorb the heat of the photovoltaic panel substrate, so that the temperature of the photovoltaic panel substrate is reduced, and the temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric heat pump chip is reduced, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic array. At the same time, the heating efficiency of the thermoelectric heat pump chip is improved. When cooling in summer, turn on the switch of the upper air channel and the switch of the lower air channel at the same time, and the cooling air channel has a working state similar to that of a chimney, which can strengthen the ventilation of the air temperature adaptive energy-saving device of the present invention under the indoor cooling condition and heat dissipation, which solves the problem that the overheating of solar cells affects the power generation and cooling effects.

As a further improvement, in the above air temperature self-adaptive energy-saving device, a heat radiation layer is connected to the inner side of the core layer of the thermoelectric heat pump, and the heat radiation layer is composed of a radiation plate, and the cavity of the radiation plate is filled with Heat storage material (water can be used as the medium for the heat storage material, or other energy storage materials with a phase transition point of about 20°C, preferably water) or heat dissipation fins leading to the room are provided on the inner side of the radiant plate. When the heat storage material is built into the radiant panel, it can release the heat or cold accumulated from the thermoelectric heat pump chip into the room more slowly and evenly. When the inner surface of the radiant plate in contact with the room is set as heat dissipation fins, it can increase the heat dissipation area and improve the heat dissipation of the thermoelectric heat pump chip.

In the above-mentioned preferred air temperature self-adaptive energy-saving device, the inner side of the radiator and the corresponding position on the outer side of the radiant plate can be provided with grid-like convex strips, the convex strips are made of heat insulating materials, and the thermoelectric heat pump chip is set In the grid-shaped grooves jointly surrounded by the convex strips, the inner surface of the radiator and the outer surface of the radiation plate.

For each temperature self-adaptive energy-saving device mentioned above, the current steering switch is preferably provided with three gears for respectively controlling the current forward flow, reverse flow and disconnection (the current flow direction from the solar photovoltaic power generation square layer to the thermoelectric heat pump core layer is positive flow), the three gears reflect that the working state of the thermoelectric heat pump chip facing the indoor working surface is heating, cooling and non-working respectively; the solar photovoltaic power generation square layer is connected to a battery, and the current steering switch is in the off position When it is in position (that is, when the thermoelectric heat pump chip is not working), the solar photovoltaic power generation array layer can charge the battery to store electric energy for backup. This preferred technical solution only provides the setting method of the gear position of the current steering switch and its cooperation with the battery, and those skilled in the art can complete the circuit connection of the current steering switch according to common knowledge.

As a general technical concept, the utility model also provides an energy-saving wall, the side wall and/or the top plate of the wall are drilled with installation holes, and the aforementioned air temperature self-adaptive energy-saving device is installed in the installation holes, When the air temperature self-adaptive energy-saving device heats the room, the upper air channel switch and the lower air channel switch are closed, so that the heat dissipation air channel forms a closed space, and the current steering switch is set at the positive flow position; the air temperature self-adaptive energy-saving When the device is cooling the room, the upper air channel switch and the lower air channel switch are turned on, and the current diversion switch is set at the reverse flow position.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that: the utility model directly uses the direct current generated by the solar photovoltaic panel to drive the thermoelectric heat pump chip to supply heat/cooling to the interior of the building, realizing the "in situ power generation, in situ use electricity". The technical scheme of the utility model utilizes the photovoltaic cell to generate electricity to drive the semiconductor heat pump to absorb the heat of the photovoltaic cell substrate, which greatly improves the overall utilization efficiency of photoelectricity and the working efficiency of the thermoelectric heat pump, and also improves the building enclosure and wall structure. Its own self-insulation/insulation performance improves the comfort of the indoor environment, realizes the multi-level utilization of energy, and provides the premise for the real "zero energy consumption" of buildings. The utility model does not use traditional energy, and there is no energy cost during operation, and the energy-saving device itself is light in weight, and the indoor space is small; when constructing the energy-saving wall, it not only saves man-hours, but also facilitates construction. It has multiple functions such as heat preservation, ventilation and cooling, and has strong adaptability and operability.

In summary, the utility model constructs a complete wall as a building enclosure structure by cleverly using materials such as solar photovoltaic power generation arrays and thermoelectric heat pump chips, which effectively solves the problem of energy-saving walls in different seasons or under different climatic conditions. In terms of adaptability, through the all-round comprehensive application of solar photovoltaic and photothermal, an energy-saving and environmentally friendly ecological building can be truly constructed, which provides a broad application prospect for the sustainable development of the construction industry.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the main view of the air temperature self-adaptive energy-saving device in the embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the air temperature self-adaptive energy-saving device in the embodiment of the present invention after removing the outer cover;

Fig. 3 is the sectional view of A-A place in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the sectional view of B-B place in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the heat radiation layer in the embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the heat radiation layer in the embodiment of the present invention.

illustration

1. Photovoltaic power generation square layer; 2. Heat dissipation layer; 21. Radiator; 22. Cooling air duct; 23. Upper air duct switch; 24. Lower air duct switch; 3. Thermoelectric heat pump core layer; 31. Thermoelectric heat pump chip; 4 , heat radiation layer; 41, radiation plate; 42, heat insulation material; 5, current steering switch; 6, raised strip; 7, groove.

Detailed ways

The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments of the description.

A temperature adaptive energy-saving device of the present invention as shown in Figures 1 to 5, the device includes a solar photovoltaic power generation square layer 1, a heat dissipation layer from outside to inside (the outside refers to the side of the device facing the outside) 2. The thermoelectric heat pump core layer 3 and the heat radiation layer 4 are assembled sequentially and mechanically fixed into a whole, and covered by an outer cover.

The solar photovoltaic power generation square layer 1 is a whole spliced by photovoltaic panels and is on the same plane. The thermoelectric heat pump core layer 3 is composed of thermoelectric heat pump chips 31 (the thermoelectric heat pump chips in this embodiment use N.P semiconductor elements Composed of thermoelectric chips), the heat dissipation layer 2 is provided with a radiator 21 connected to the thermoelectric heat pump chip 31, and an adjustable heat dissipation air duct 22 is provided between the radiator 21 and the solar photovoltaic power generation square layer 1, and the heat dissipation air duct 22 The top and bottom of the top and bottom are provided with upper and lower two vents, and the upper and lower vents of the cooling air duct 22 are respectively provided with an upper air duct switch 23 and a lower air duct switch 24 for controlling the opening and closing of the vents. The heat radiation layer 4 is composed of a radiation plate 41, and the cavity of the radiation plate 41 is filled with heat storage material (the type of radiation plate with cooling fins as shown in Fig. 6 can also be used). The corresponding positions on the outer side of the radiant plate 41 are provided with grid-like convex strips 6, and the thermoelectric heat pump chip 31 is arranged in the grid-shaped groove formed by the convex strips 6, the inner surface of the radiator 21, and the outer surface of the radiant plate 41. In 7, each thermoelectric heat pump chip 31 is made of heat insulating material 42.

The solar photovoltaic power generation square array layer 1 is connected with the thermoelectric heat pump core layer 3 through electric wires and a current diversion switch 5 provided on the electric wires. The current diversion switch 5 is provided with three gears for respectively controlling the current forward flow, reverse flow and disconnection, and the solar photovoltaic power generation square layer 1 may be connected to a storage battery (not shown in this embodiment).

An energy-saving wall of the present utility model has an installation hole drilled on the side wall of the wall, and the above-mentioned air temperature self-adaptive energy-saving device is installed in the installation hole.

The working principle of the temperature self-adaptive energy-saving device and the energy-saving wall in this embodiment is as follows:

(1) When the indoor temperature is low and heating operation is required, the upper air channel switch 23 and the lower air channel switch 24 are turned off at the same time, and the heat dissipation air channel 22 forms a closed space, and the solar photovoltaic power generation square layer 1 located on the outermost side absorbs Solar energy is used for photovoltaic power generation, and the current steering switch 5 is placed in the forward position, and the direct current generated by the power generation is directly sent to the core layer 3 of the thermoelectric heat pump to drive the side of the thermoelectric heat pump chip 31 located in the room for heating, realizing in-situ power generation. The ground uses electricity; while the other side of the thermoelectric heat pump chip 31 is cooling, because the higher the substrate temperature of the photovoltaic power generation matrix layer 1 is, the lower the power generation efficiency is, so under the heating condition, the cooling surface of the thermoelectric heat pump chip 31 can be cooled The substrate of the photovoltaic power generation matrix layer 1 transfers the heat in the heat dissipation air duct to improve the power generation effect of the photovoltaic power generation square matrix layer 1 . Since the solar photovoltaic power generation array layer 1 generates electricity, only part of the solar energy is converted into electrical energy, and most of the rest is lost into the airtight cooling air duct 2 through the substrate of the photovoltaic power generation array layer 1, and at this time, the thermoelectric heat pump chip 31 When the cooling surface is hot and the radiator 21 connected to the cooling surface is just in communication with the cooling air duct 22, after absorbing the heat energy generated by the substrate of the photovoltaic power generation square layer 1, the temperature difference between the hot and cold ends of the thermoelectric heat pump chip 31 is reduced, While improving the working efficiency of the thermoelectric heat pump chip 31 , it also keeps the photovoltaic module working at a lower temperature and improves the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module. Through the absorption, transfer and promotion of the thermoelectric heat pump chip 31, the heat energy dissipated by the photovoltaic panel can be stored in the heat storage material built in the radiant plate 41, and the heat energy can further provide heat source for the room through the radiant plate 41 to control the indoor temperature. It can be seen that in the heating condition, a small part of the solar radiation energy is absorbed by the photovoltaic panel to generate electricity to realize photoelectric conversion; most of the rest of the heat energy is lost to the heat dissipation channel through the substrate of the photovoltaic panel, that is, the photothermal conversion is realized, and it is converted by thermoelectricity. The heat pump chip absorbs the boost and simultaneously serves as a heat source for the room. According to our previous experimental test results, a photovoltaic panel with a size of 1 square meter can generate about 130W of direct current, and through the thermal enhancement of the core layer of the thermoelectric heat pump, the heat supply can reach 600W, and the indoor temperature can reach about 50°C.

(2) When the indoor temperature is high and it is required to operate under cooling conditions, the upper air duct switch 23 and the lower air duct switch 24 are turned on at the same time, and the heat dissipation air duct 22 becomes an effective channel for heat dissipation, and the solar photovoltaic power generation square layer 1 located on the outermost side absorbs Photovoltaic power generation by solar energy, the current steering switch 5 is reversed and placed in the negative current gear, the direct current generated by the power generation is directly sent to the thermoelectric heat pump core layer 3, and the thermoelectric heat pump chip 31 is driven on the indoor side for cooling, realizing in-situ power generation 1. In situ electricity consumption; the cold wind generated by the core layer 3 of the thermoelectric heat pump is directly transmitted to the indoor environment through the radiation plate 41, and provides cooling for the room. The other side of the thermoelectric heat pump chip 31 is heated, and the heat enters the cooling air duct 22 through the radiator 21 , and is lost to the air through the cooling air duct 22 together with the heat generated by the substrate of the solar photovoltaic power generation square layer 1 . Since the upper and lower end air duct switches of the cooling air duct 22 have been opened, a chimney-like structure is formed, hot air flows upward through the upper air duct switch 23, and cold air flows in from the lower end of the lower air duct switch 24, thereby achieving Cooling down the hot end of the photovoltaic panel and thermoelectric heat pump chip 31, which just matches people's demand for air conditioning in summer. While increasing indoor comfort, it reduces the heat consumption of the building and reduces the energy consumption of the air conditioner. Play a role in reducing the peak load for the peak power consumption of the grid.

(3) When the indoor temperature does not need to be adjusted, turn on the upper air channel switch 23 and the lower air channel switch 24, and the heat dissipation air channel 22 becomes a heat dissipation channel, cutting off the current diversion between the solar photovoltaic power generation square layer 1 and the thermoelectric heat pump core layer 3 Switch 5, the solar photovoltaic power generation square layer 1 can generate electricity and send it to the battery for storage, so as to serve as a backup power supply when the radiation intensity is not enough.

Claims (8)

1. temperature adaptive power conservation device, it is characterized in that, described device includes solar energy power generating square formation layer, heat dissipating layer, thermoelectric heatpump sandwich layer and heat radiation layer from outside to inside, described solar energy power generating square formation layer is to be spliced by photovoltaic battery panel, described thermoelectric heatpump sandwich layer is made up of the thermoelectric heatpump chip, described solar energy power generating square formation layer is connected by electric wire with the thermoelectric heatpump sandwich layer, is connected to an electric current pole changer on the electric wire.

2. temperature adaptive power conservation device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described heat dissipating layer is provided with the radiator that is connected with described thermoelectric heatpump chip, be provided with a heat dissipation wind channel between described radiator and the solar energy power generating square formation layer, the ventilation opening of described heat dissipation wind channel is provided with the air channel switch that the control ventilation opening opens and closes.

3. temperature adaptive power conservation device according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described heat dissipation wind channel is provided with upper and lower two ventilation openings, and upper and lower two ventilation opening places are provided with corresponding upper air duct switch and lower air duct switch respectively.

4. according to claim 2 or 3 described temperature adaptive power conservation devices, it is characterized in that described heat radiation layer is to be made of radiant panel, fill heat-storing material in the cavity of described radiant panel or radiating fin is set in the inboard of radiant panel.

5. temperature adaptive power conservation device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the relevant position, the outside of described radiant panel is equipped with the lattice-shaped raised line, described thermoelectric heatpump chip is arranged in the latticed groove that lateral surface surrounded jointly of raised line and radiator medial surface and radiant panel, filling with insulation material between described each thermoelectric heatpump chip.

6. temperature adaptive power conservation device according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described electric current pole changer is provided with three gears controlling electric current drag flow, adverse current and disconnection respectively, described solar energy power generating square formation layer is connected with battery, described electric current pole changer is in when disconnecting gear, the described charge in batteries of solar energy power generating square formation course.

7. according to each described temperature adaptive power conservation device in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that, described electric current pole changer is provided with three gears controlling electric current drag flow, adverse current and disconnection respectively, described solar energy power generating square formation layer is connected with battery, described electric current pole changer is in when disconnecting gear, the described charge in batteries of solar energy power generating square formation course.

8. energy-saving wall, it is characterized in that, dig on described body of wall sidewall and/or the top board installing hole is arranged, be equiped with the described temperature adaptive power conservation of claim 6 device in the described installing hole, described temperature adaptive power conservation device is when indoor heating, described upper air duct switch and lower air duct switch are closed, and make heat dissipation wind channel form confined space, and described electric current pole changer is arranged on the drag flow gear; Described temperature adaptive power conservation device is opened described upper air duct switch and lower air duct switch when indoor refrigeration, described electric current pole changer is arranged on the adverse current gear.

Images