CN201851229U - Air closed cycle thermal power system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a gas closed cycle thermal power system, which comprises an engine, an oxygen source, an exhaust cooler, an exhaust deep cooler and a cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank. The oxygen source communicates with the combustion chamber of the engine. The exhaust passage of the engine communicates with the exhaust deep cooler through the exhaust cooler, a water discharge port is provided on the exhaust cooler, and a cryogenic carbon dioxide is provided on the exhaust deep cooler. A discharge port, the cryogenic carbon dioxide discharge port communicates with the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank so that the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas of the engine is stored in the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank in the form of liquid and/or solid. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost and high reliability, and decisively reduces the discharge of engine pollutants.

Description

Gas Closed Cycle Thermodynamic System

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of thermal energy and power, in particular to a gas closed cycle thermal power system.

technical background

The pollutants discharged from the combustion chamber of traditional engines, no matter internal combustion engines, external combustion engines or mixed combustion engines (see the applicant's invention application document 201010118601.4 for details), are the biggest obstacle in environmental protection at present. Therefore, research on new energy power systems is becoming more and more popular. However, it is difficult for new energy power systems to be widely used in a short period of time, so how to reduce or eliminate pollutant emissions in the process of traditional energy power conversion is a more realistic and urgent task. Not only that, but for a long time to come, the human energy structure will still be dominated by hydrocarbons, including fossil energy and biomass energy. For this reason, if a zero-emission or near-zero-emission thermal power system fueled by hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon oxygen compounds can be developed, it will play a greater role in environmental protection. There are many studies on capturing carbon dioxide from the exhaust of power systems, but they all have a common feature, that is, they do not liquefy or solidify carbon dioxide, so although carbon dioxide is captured, post-processing of carbon dioxide is still very difficult. If it is possible to invent a way to liquefy or solidify carbon dioxide during the cycle of the power system, especially if it is possible to invent a method that utilizes the self-energy of the exhaust gas as the main driving force or uses the liquid oxygen and liquefied fuel consumed by the power system as the main cooling source, it will A power system that liquefies or solidifies the carbon dioxide emitted by the power system will be of great significance.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the technical scheme proposed by the utility model is as follows:

A gas closed-cycle thermal power system, comprising an engine, an oxygen source, an exhaust cooler, an exhaust deep cooler and a cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank, the oxygen source communicates with the combustion chamber of the engine, and the exhaust gas of the engine The air passage communicates with the exhaust deep cooler through the exhaust cooler, a water discharge port is provided on the exhaust cooler, and a cryogenic carbon dioxide discharge port is provided on the exhaust deep cooler. The cryogenic carbon dioxide discharge port communicates with the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank so that all or part of the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas of the engine is stored in the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank in the form of liquid and/or solid.

The oxygen source is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank, the exhaust gas deep cooler is set as an oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler, and the deep-cooled carbon dioxide outlet is set on the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler, The liquid oxygen storage tank is in communication with the cooling fluid inlet of the oxygen endothermic exhaust deep cooler, an oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet is provided on the oxygen endothermic exhaust deep cooler, and the oxygen/oxygen-containing gas The outlet communicates with the combustion chamber of the engine; or the oxygen source is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank, and the exhaust cooling system composed of the exhaust cooler and the exhaust deep cooler is set as an oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas A deep cooler, the cryogenic carbon dioxide outlet is provided on the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler, and the liquid oxygen storage tank communicates with the cooling fluid inlet of the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler. An oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet is provided on the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler, and the oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet communicates with the combustion chamber of the engine.

The fuel of the engine is set as liquefied fuel, and the liquefied fuel is stored in the liquefied fuel storage tank, and the exhaust gas deep cooler is set as a fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler, and the heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooling of the fuel is The cryogenic carbon dioxide outlet is provided on the device, the cooling fluid inlet of the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler communicates with the liquefied fuel storage tank, and the fuel/contained exhaust gas deep cooler is provided with a a fuel fluid outlet, the fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet is in communication with the combustion chamber of the engine; or the fuel of the engine is provided as liquefied fuel, the liquefied fuel is stored in a liquefied fuel storage tank to be cooled by the exhaust gas The exhaust cooling system composed of the exhaust gas cooler and the exhaust gas deep cooler is set as a fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler, and the deep-cooled carbon dioxide discharge port is set on the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler, and the fuel The cooling fluid inlet of the heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler communicates with the liquefied fuel storage tank, and a fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet is provided on the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler, and the fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet is connected to the Combustion chambers of the engine described above.

The oxygen source is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank, the fuel of the engine is set as liquefied fuel, and the liquefied fuel is stored in the liquefied fuel storage tank, and the exhaust gas deep cooler is set to be deep cooled by oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas The exhaust gas deep cooling system is composed of parallel or series arrangement of the fuel absorber and the fuel heat absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler;

In the structure in which the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler and the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler are arranged in parallel, the deep-cooled carbon dioxide discharge port is provided on the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler, so The liquid oxygen storage tank is communicated with the cooling fluid inlet of the oxygen endothermic exhaust deep cooler, and an oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet is arranged on the oxygen endothermic exhaust deep cooler, and the oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet is It communicates with the combustion chamber of the engine, and the deep-cooled carbon dioxide outlet is provided on the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler, and the cooling fluid inlet of the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler is connected to the liquefied fuel storage The tank is connected, and a fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet is provided on the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler, and the fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet communicates with the combustion chamber of the engine, and the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler and the exhaust gas inlets of the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust sub-cooler are respectively communicated with the exhaust cooler;

In the structure in which the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler and the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler are arranged in series, on the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler at the end or on the fuel The exhaust deep cooler is provided with the cryogenic carbon dioxide outlet, and the liquid oxygen storage tank communicates with the cooling fluid inlet of the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler. An oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet is provided, and the oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet is communicated with the combustion chamber of the engine; the cooling fluid inlet of the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler is communicated with the liquefied fuel storage tank. A fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet is provided on the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler, and the fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet communicates with the combustion chamber of the engine; the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler or the The exhaust gas inlet of the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler communicates with the exhaust gas cooler, and the exhaust outlet of the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler or the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler upstream Communicating with the exhaust gas inlet of the oxygen endothermic exhaust subcooler or the fuel endothermic exhaust subcooler downstream.

A thermal power unit is provided between the combustion chamber and the exhaust cooler, and the thermal power unit outputs power to the outside.

The gas closed-cycle thermal power system also includes a brine storage tank, and a brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler is arranged between the exhaust cooler and the exhaust deep cooler, and the brine absorbs heat. The cooled fluid inlet of the hot exhaust cooler communicates with the exhaust cooler, the cooling fluid inlet of the brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler communicates with the brine storage tank, and the brine absorbs The hot exhaust cooler is provided with a refrigerant outlet, and the cooled fluid outlet of the brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler communicates with the exhaust deep cooler, and the exhaust gas from the exhaust cooler is The brine stored in the brine storage tank in the brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler is further cooled and enters the exhaust deep cooler for deep cooling; and/or in the exhaust A supercharger and a heat exhauster are arranged between the cooler and the exhaust deep cooler, and the exhaust gas is compressed in the supercharger and cooled in the heat exhauster, and then enters the exhaust deep cooling subcooler to reduce cold energy requirements during liquefaction or solidification of carbon dioxide in said exhaust gas subcooler.

The gas closed-cycle thermal power system also includes a cryogenic brine storage tank, the exhaust deep cooler is set as a cryogenic brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler, and the cryogenic brine absorbs heat and exhaust The cooled fluid inlet of the cooler communicates with the exhaust outlet of the exhaust cooler, and the cryogenic carbon dioxide discharge outlet is provided on the cryogenic brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler, and the cryogenic brine The cooling fluid inlet of the refrigerant heat-absorbing exhaust cooler is in communication with the cryogenic brine storage tank, and the cryogenic carbon dioxide outlet of the cryogenic brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler is connected with the cryogenic carbon dioxide The storage tank is connected, and an outlet of the cryogenic brine is provided on the heat-absorbing exhaust cooler of the cryogenic brine.

The exhaust deep cooler is set as an adsorption thermal fluid self-cooling system driven by the engine exhaust heat energy, and the adsorption thermal fluid self-cooling system utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the engine to deeply decompose the exhaust gas. cooling to liquefy the residual water vapor in the exhaust gas, and then liquefy and/or solidify the carbon dioxide; or the exhaust cooler is set as an adsorption thermal fluid self-cooling system driven by the heat energy of the exhaust gas of the engine, and the adsorption The self-cooling system of thermal fluid of the type uses the exhaust heat energy of the engine to cool the exhaust; or the exhaust cooling system composed of the exhaust cooler and the exhaust deep cooler is set to Adsorption thermal fluid self-cooling system with thermal energy as the driving force. The adsorption thermal fluid self-cooling system uses the exhaust heat energy of the engine to cool the exhaust gas and then enters the deep cooling process to liquefy the water vapor in the exhaust gas , to liquefy and/or solidify carbon dioxide.

The exhaust deep cooler is set as a compression exhaust self-cooling system driven by the engine exhaust heat energy, and the compression exhaust self-cooling system utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the engine to deeply CO2 is liquefied and/or solidified after cooling to liquefy residual water vapor in the exhaust gas;

Or the exhaust cooler is set as a compression exhaust self-cooling system that uses the heat energy of the engine exhaust gas as a driving force, and the compression exhaust self-cooling system uses the exhaust heat energy of the engine to cool the exhaust gas ;

Or the exhaust gas cooling system composed of the exhaust gas cooler and the exhaust gas deep cooler is set as a compressed exhaust gas self-cooling system driven by the heat energy of the exhaust gas of the engine, and the compressed exhaust gas itself The cooling system uses the exhaust heat energy of the engine to cool the exhaust gas and then enters the deep cooling process to liquefy the water vapor in the exhaust gas and liquefy and/or solidify the carbon dioxide.

The water discharge port communicates with the water nozzle to spray the water from the water discharge port onto the external high-temperature area of the exhaust cooler as an evaporative heat-absorbing carrier of the exhaust cooler to improve the discharge efficiency of the exhaust gas. Cooling efficiency of the exhaust gas of the cooler; or introducing the water from the water outlet as a cooling medium into the high temperature area inside the exhaust cooler to improve the cooling efficiency of the exhaust gas of the exhaust cooler.

The oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler is set as a direct-mix heat exchanger or as a direct-mix convective heat exchanger; and/or in the structure provided with the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler, the fuel The endothermic exhaust subcooler is set as a direct-mix heat exchanger or as a direct-mix convective heat exchanger.

The oxygen source is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank, the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank is set as a lower space of the liquid oxygen storage tank, and a part of the space of the liquid oxygen storage tank is used to store liquid carbon dioxide and/or dry ice.

The oxygen source is set to the atmosphere, and a nitrogen outlet is set on the exhaust deep cooler.

The gas closed cycle thermal power system also includes a helium return pipe, which is formed by the intake port of the engine, the combustion chamber, the exhaust port, the exhaust cooler and the deep cooler. The system is filled with helium, and the helium return pipe connects the air inlet of the engine with the exhaust port and/or the communicating space of the exhaust port, and the helium gas is in the intake port of the engine. The air passage, the combustion chamber, the exhaust passage, the exhaust cooler and the subcooler circulate among each other.

The oxygen source is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank, the exhaust deep cooler is set as an oxygen heat-absorbing heat exchanger in the tank, and the oxygen heat-absorbing heat exchanger in the tank is arranged in the liquid oxygen storage tank, so The liquid carbon dioxide outlet of the oxygen heat-absorbing heat exchanger in the tank is connected with the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank, and the exhaust gas cooled by the exhaust gas cooler is liquefied into liquid by using the liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen storage tank carbon dioxide, and store liquid carbon dioxide in the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank.

The oxygen source is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank, the exhaust deep cooler is set as a liquid oxygen zone in the liquid oxygen storage tank, and the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank is set as the lower end of the liquid oxygen storage tank Space, use the liquid oxygen zone in the liquid oxygen storage tank to deep cool the exhaust gas cooled by the exhaust gas cooler, use part of the space in the liquid oxygen storage tank to store liquid carbon dioxide and/or dry ice.

For a long time, people have made a lot of efforts on how to use hydrogen fuel in order to reduce the environmental pollution (such as NOx and carbon dioxide, etc.) Stirling engines for submarines powered by hydrogen-oxygen combustion reactions, and BMW's hydrogen-fueled cars. However, it is well known that the storage of hydrogen is quite difficult, and the density of liquid hydrogen is only about 70 kilograms per cubic meter. Although the combustion value of hydrogen is about 3 times that of gasoline and about 2.5 times that of liquefied natural gas, its energy density per unit volume Not as good as gasoline or natural gas. The hydrogen production industry is far less mature and large than the oil and natural gas industry, so the price per unit energy of hydrogen is far higher than that of oil and natural gas. The pure use of hydrogen fuel and the oxygen combustion reaction in the air will still produce nitrogen oxides. Only the use of hydrogen and pure oxygen combustion can ensure that there is only water in the emissions and no nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide. The gas closed-cycle thermal power system disclosed in the utility model not only uses traditional fuels (hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon oxygen compounds such as oil, natural gas, and biomass), but also ensures that there is no generation of nitrogen oxides, and there is no or only a small amount of nitrogen oxides. carbon dioxide emissions. The storage, transportation and carrying of the liquefied fuel used in the utility model, such as liquefied natural gas, are far more convenient than storage, transportation or carrying of hydrogen fuel, and the price is low. Therefore, the gas closed cycle thermodynamic system disclosed in the utility model is not only superior to the traditional thermodynamic system (internal combustion engine, external combustion engine), but also superior to the thermodynamic system using hydrogen as fuel.

The so-called oxygen in the utility model refers to the gas or liquid whose main component is oxygen, and there may be other components, but the influence of the content of these components on the circulation and discharge of the system of the utility model is within a controllable and acceptable range. The so-called oxygen source can be a commercial oxygen source, that is, a high-pressure oxygen storage tank or a liquefied oxygen tank, or oxygen provided by an on-site oxygen generation system, such as membrane separation. If there is non-condensable gas under the condition of liquefied carbon dioxide in the exhaust of the engine in the utility model, an air extraction mechanism should be installed at the end of the system to pump out the non-condensable gas to prevent the non-condensable gas from accumulating in a large amount in the circulation system.

The so-called exhaust cooler in the utility model refers to all devices that can cool the exhaust gas, including radiators, thermal power units, refrigeration systems (including compression refrigeration, chemical adsorption refrigeration and physical adsorption refrigeration), heat exchangers ( Including mixed and non-mixed), etc. and the mutual scientific combination of these devices. So-called exhaust coolers cannot liquefy CO2.

The so-called exhaust deep cooler in the utility model refers to all devices that can cool and deep cool the exhaust to the extent that carbon dioxide can be liquefied and/or solidified, including refrigeration systems (including compression refrigeration, chemical adsorption refrigeration and physical cooling) Adsorption refrigeration), thermal power unit, heat exchanger (including hybrid and non-hybrid), etc. and the scientific combination of these devices; The driving force or the device that uses liquid oxygen, liquefied fuel, liquid nitrogen and other refrigerants as the main cold source to deep cool the exhaust gas to liquefy and/or solidify carbon dioxide, including refrigeration systems (including compression refrigeration, chemical adsorption refrigeration and physical refrigeration) Adsorption refrigeration), thermal power unit, heat exchanger (including hybrid and non-hybrid), etc. and the scientific combination of these devices.

The so-called exhaust cooling system composed of exhaust cooler and exhaust deep cooler in the utility model refers to all devices that can cool the exhaust to the extent that carbon dioxide can be liquefied, including refrigeration systems (including compression refrigeration, chemical Adsorption refrigeration and physical adsorption refrigeration), thermal power unit, heat exchanger (including hybrid and non-hybrid), etc., and the scientific combination of these devices.

The so-called thermal power unit of the utility model refers to the exhaust gas or the exhaust gas phase change product (refers to the phase change product of the exhaust gas, such as the phase change of water vapor) that will reduce the temperature after the energy of the upstream fluid (exhaust gas) is used to do work. The material is water and ice) to the downstream system. This unit can cool or deep cool the exhaust gas while outputting work to the outside. direction of the combustion chamber.

The so-called deep cooling in the utility model refers to that the cooling intensity is so strong that the carbon dioxide is liquefied or solidified.

The so-called cryogenic process of the utility model refers to a process in which carbon dioxide is liquefied or solidified by deep cooling.

The so-called adsorption working medium pair of the utility model refers to a pair of working mediums that undergo adsorption and desorption, such as lithium bromide and water.

The so-called adsorption area of the utility model refers to the area where the adsorption process takes place for the adsorption working medium (see relevant adsorption refrigeration books for details).

The so-called desorption area of the utility model refers to the area where the desorption process occurs for the adsorption working medium pair.

The so-called exhaust passage in the utility model refers to the exhaust flow passage connecting or indirectly connecting the adsorption area and the desorption area.

The so-called radiator of the utility model refers to a device that can play a role in heat dissipation, such as a heat sink, a fan, and a heat exchanger. , to increase the cooling capacity of the exhaust cooling system.

The so-called communication in the utility model refers to direct communication, indirect communication through several processes (including mixing with other substances, etc.), or controlled communication through pumps, control valves, etc.

The fuel/fuel-containing fluid and oxygen/oxygen-containing gas in the utility model can directly enter the combustion chamber respectively, or can be pre-mixed and then enter the combustion chamber.

The gas closed cycle thermodynamic system disclosed in the utility model includes a complete gas closed cycle thermodynamic system and a partial gas closed cycle thermodynamic system. The so-called complete gas closed cycle thermodynamic system refers to a thermodynamic system that does not emit carbon dioxide gas to the environment at all, and the so-called partial gas closed cycle thermodynamic system refers to a thermodynamic system that emits a small amount of carbon dioxide gas to the environment. The so-called gas closed cycle refers to a completely closed cycle of the gas phase or a partially closed cycle of the gas phase. The so-called completely closed cycle or partially closed cycle are all for carbon dioxide. When the oxygen source is set to the atmosphere, the nitrogen in the exhaust gas of the gas closed cycle thermal power system disclosed in the utility model can be discharged directly, and can also be stored for other uses. Since both water vapor and carbon dioxide have been liquefied, this The nitrogen purity in the exhaust of the system is relatively high. When atmospheric suction is used, the system may produce nitrogen oxides, which can be directly condensed and liquefied by the system, or can be recovered by adsorption or treated by a three-way catalyst. When atmospheric suction is used, the traditional three-way catalyst working unit can be retained, and the three-way catalyst working unit can be installed before the exhaust cooler; when necessary, the traditional three-way catalyst working unit can be insulated or treated to ensure The exhaust gas leaving the working unit of the three-way catalyst has a higher temperature to provide driving force for the subsequent unit. In the circulation of the present invention, the liquid phase and/or the solid phase are not closed, that is, the carbon dioxide is discharged to the environment in the form of liquid and/or solid, so as to obtain carbon dioxide with high purity. Liquid or solid carbon dioxide is a widely used chemical material. The wide application of liquid or solid carbon dioxide produced by this power system can reduce the need to generate carbon dioxide in other ways and achieve the purpose of reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

In the gas closed cycle thermal power system disclosed in the utility model, the engine exhaust gas may not flow back to the combustion chamber at all, and may also partially flow back to the combustion chamber. In a configuration in which exhaust gas is not recirculated at all into the combustion chamber, all exhaust gas is completely liquefied. In the structure in which part of the exhaust gas is returned to the combustion chamber, the exhaust gas returned to the combustion chamber may be a part of the exhaust gas, or a part of a certain component or multiple components in the exhaust gas (such as carbon dioxide , water), in this structure, a return pipe needs to be provided, and the function of the return pipe is to return one or more substances in the mixture of carbon dioxide, water and carbon dioxide and water to the combustion chamber in the form of gas or liquid, Oxygen or fuel can also enter the combustion chamber through the return line in some cases. In the structure where part of the exhaust gas flows back into the combustion chamber, the exhaust gas of the engine in the gas closed cycle thermodynamic system disclosed by the utility model can be completely condensed, cooled and liquefied, or part of it can be condensed and cooled and liquefied. This part of the exhaust gas (carbon dioxide, water or a mixture of carbon dioxide and water) that re-enters the combustion chamber can enter at low pressure and be compressed in the combustion chamber; it can also enter at high pressure and directly mix and burn with the oxygen entering at high pressure without further compression . If high-pressure entry is adopted, the unliquefied exhaust gas can be compressed by the compressor, and the compressed exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber, or a certain component or a mixture of several components in the liquefied exhaust gas (ie Water, liquid carbon dioxide or a mixture of water and liquid carbon dioxide) is pressurized, absorbs the heat of the exhaust gas and vaporizes, and then enters the combustion chamber. If the scheme of compressing the exhaust gas is adopted, the exhaust gas should be cooled first and then compressed, and the compressed exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber; in order to improve the system's ability to liquefy carbon dioxide, a part of the exhaust gas can be compressed and then cooled, decompressed and throttled Reduce the temperature. In the structure where combustion products need to be returned to the combustion chamber, a return fluid outlet can be provided on the exhaust passage of the engine and/or the communication space of the exhaust passage, and the return fluid outlet is connected to the inlet of the combustion chamber or the engine. Airway connectivity.

In order to adjust the temperature and conditions of the combustion chamber, the gas closed cycle thermal power system disclosed in the utility model can reflow carbon dioxide and water while introducing fuel/fuel-containing fluid and oxygen/oxygen-containing gas into the combustion chamber. If you choose to return the water, you should make the water absorb the waste heat of the engine and vaporize it before entering the combustion chamber, which can improve the efficiency of the engine.

The heat exhauster in the utility model refers to a device for external heat dissipation and cooling of the system, including radiators and heat exchangers for cooling purposes.

The oxygen flow entering the combustion chamber in the utility model can be high-pressure gaseous oxygen or low-pressure gaseous oxygen, or a high-pressure oxygen-containing mixture or a low-pressure oxygen-containing mixture. In addition to oxygen, the other main components of the mixture are carbon dioxide and water vapor. That is to say, oxygen can enter the combustion chamber of the engine alone, or it can enter the combustion chamber after being mixed outside the combustion chamber.

The engine in the utility model does not inhale air from the environment under normal working conditions. But it is also possible to set an air inlet on the air inlet of the engine (or on the air inlet of the external combustion engine boiler), so that when the oxygen in the oxygen source is exhausted, the engine can suck in air from the environment so that the engine can continue to work in case of emergency. use.

Oxygen flow can be controlled before it enters the combustion chamber, ie an oxygen control valve can be provided between the combustion chamber and said oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet. An exhaust backflow outlet may be provided on the exhaust passage, and the exhaust backflow outlet communicates with the combustion chamber through an exhaust backflow control valve to control the amount of exhaust gas backflow into the combustion chamber.

In some cases, in order to reduce the cooling demand of the system, a vent valve can be set on the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank to vent part of the carbon dioxide to obtain a lower temperature, make dry ice or increase the cooling capacity of the system, in this case However, although it is not a closed cycle in an absolute sense, most of its carbon dioxide is still liquefied or solidified in the system. It is also possible to set a hot exhaust vent valve on the exhaust passage to vent part of the exhaust gas to reduce the cooling load of the system. Although it is not a closed cycle in an absolute sense, most of the carbon dioxide is still liquefied or solidified in the system.

When the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler is set as a direct-mix convective heat exchanger, an oxygen outlet pipe can be set at the intermediate stage of the direct-mix convective heat exchanger, and the oxygen outlet pipe is connected with an oxygen control valve and The combustion chamber of the engine communicates to adjust the concentration of oxygen entering the combustion chamber to meet the requirements of engine load changes.

When the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler is set as a direct-mix heat exchanger, an oxygen outlet pipe can be set at the upstream of the oxygen flow in the direct-mix heat exchanger, that is, close to the oxygen source, and the oxygen The outlet pipe communicates with the combustion chamber of the engine through the oxygen control valve, so as to adjust the concentration of oxygen entering the combustion chamber to meet the changing requirements of the engine load.

The engine in the utility model refers to all thermal power systems that use carbon-containing compounds as fuel, including internal combustion engines, gas turbines, external combustion thermal power systems composed of boilers and steam turbines, or low-entropy co-combustion engines (see the utility model for details) The patent application document titled "Low Entropy Mixed Combustion Engine" filed on March 5, 2010, the application numbers are 201010118601.4 and 201020124334.7). The so-called carbon-containing compounds refer to all carbon-containing compounds that can react with oxygen in combustion, such as hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon-oxygen compounds (such as ethanol, etc.). In the structure including the boiler, the exhaust duct of the engine is the flue exhaust duct of the boiler, and the combustion chamber is the furnace of the boiler.

The engine in the utility model refers to a thermodynamic system that imports an oxidant from an oxygen source to a combustion chamber under normal working conditions and does not naturally inhale.

The existence of the oxygen source in the gas closed-cycle thermal power system disclosed by the utility model can simply adjust the concentration of oxygen entering the combustion chamber, so that the load response of the engine can be adjusted more effectively. The engine power can be adjusted by adjusting the concentration of oxygen entering the combustion chamber to meet the requirements of different loads; especially for vehicle engines, a small engine can be equipped to make the small engine work in an instant overload to meet the instantaneous high power of the vehicle such as rapid acceleration This method can change the current low-efficiency configuration scheme of "big horse-drawn car" for vehicle engines, and achieve the purpose of energy saving and environmental protection.

The gas closed cycle thermal power system disclosed by the utility model is particularly suitable for use on submarines because it does not discharge gas to the environment. Most traditional conventional power submarines use hydrogen-fueled Stirling engines, which are bulky, especially the storage, transportation and cost of hydrogen are much higher than hydrocarbons (such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene and liquefied natural gas, etc.) . Therefore, the diving time of the submarine will be greatly improved if the gas closed cycle thermal power system disclosed by the utility model is used.

The so-called deep cooling can liquefy or solidify the cooling depth of carbon dioxide. The so-called cooler can be a heat exchanger in which the cooling fluid and the fluid to be cooled are not mixed, or a heat exchanger in which the cooling fluid and the fluid to be cooled are mixed, or it can be Refrigeration system that cools the exhaust gas. The so-called refrigerating system for cooling the exhaust can be an adsorption-type thermal fluid self-cooling system, or a compressor-type refrigerating system.

The main components of the exhaust gas of the engine in the gas closed cycle thermal power system disclosed by the utility model are water vapor and carbon dioxide. When the water vapor is condensed, only carbon dioxide remains, so the carbon dioxide in this system is easy to be recovered.

The so-called cryogenic carbon dioxide of the utility model includes liquid carbon dioxide and solid carbon dioxide (ie dry ice).

The so-called oxygen-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler of the utility model refers to a cooling device that uses liquid oxygen and/or gaseous oxygen to deep cool the exhaust gas. The so-called fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler of the utility model refers to a cooling device that uses low-temperature fuel (such as liquefied natural gas, etc.) to deep cool the exhaust gas. When the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler and the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler are used in series, the cooling depth of the downstream (based on the exhaust gas flow direction) is deeper than that of the upstream; in some cases, in No or only a certain amount of carbon dioxide liquefaction may take place in the upstream cooler.

The so-called adsorption thermal fluid self-cooling system of the utility model refers to a system that can use the heat of the thermal fluid in the thermal power system to cool the thermal fluid itself by means of adsorption refrigeration. For example, in the lithium bromide adsorption refrigeration system, the exhaust temperature of the engine can be used to cool the exhaust gas of the engine itself.

The so-called compressed exhaust self-cooling system of the utility model refers to a system that can use the exhaust gas of the thermal power system to push the compressor to cool the exhaust gas of the thermal power system itself.

The so-called brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler of the utility model refers to a cooling device that utilizes the cold energy of a brine (such as ice, low-temperature calcium chloride aqueous solution, etc.) to cool the exhaust; the so-called cryogenic brine is Refers to the lower temperature of the refrigerant, such as liquefied nitrogen and so on.

The so-called communication space of the exhaust passage in the utility model refers to the space that the exhaust gas and the phase change substance of the exhaust gas can reach.

The so-called "system composed of the intake port of the engine, the combustion chamber, the exhaust port, the exhaust cooler and the deep cooler" of the utility model refers to the internal space and The internal space of the passages connecting these units; "Helium" refers to filling the internal space of these units and the internal space of the channels connecting these units with helium, and the amount of helium can be adjusted according to the size of the internal space and the requirements of the helium concentration in the combustion chamber. Filling with helium refers to the self-circulation of helium after one-time filling. Generally, there is no need to set up a helium storage tank, but because helium may have some leakage losses (such as losses through piston rings, etc.), it can also be set Helium storage tank When the amount of helium in the system is insufficient, the helium storage tank can be used to fill the system with helium, and the inlet for filling helium can be any part of the above-mentioned system that is easy to fill.

Since the gas closed-cycle thermal power system disclosed in the utility model uses liquid oxygen in many cases, more liquid oxygen can be stored for use as a cryogenic refrigerant, and liquid nitrogen can also be used as a cryogenic refrigerant; a large amount of liquid Oxygen will cause the air separation industry to produce excessive liquid nitrogen. Therefore, using liquid nitrogen as a cryogenic refrigerant is an option.

Due to the same pressure ratio, the efficiency of using carbon dioxide as the working medium is low, while the use of helium can obtain higher efficiency. For this reason, in order to improve the cycle efficiency of the engine, helium can be filled in the intake and exhaust system of the engine, and the helium does not condense and only participates in the cycle. As an embodiment of the present utility model, non-condensable gas (such as helium) is filled in the exhaust gas deep cooler, and a return pipe connecting the combustion chamber and the exhaust gas deep cooler is provided so that the non-condensable gas enters the combustion chamber to participate in work cycle. In this scheme, the amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust of the combustion chamber will be greatly reduced and replaced by helium, so higher efficiency will be obtained under the same working pressure ratio. In this solution, helium is circulated between the combustion chamber and the exhaust subcooler. In addition, in order to recover the helium loss of the crank-connecting rod thermal power system through the leakage of the piston ring, the crankcase can be set to negative pressure to suck back the helium, that is, the crankcase can be connected with the intake port of the engine, and can also be pumped out. The gas in the crankcase is pressurized and then sent into the intake port. In the system filled with helium, the non-condensable gas in the carbon dioxide liquefaction zone is helium, and a special return pipe for helium can be installed here to make the helium return to the intake port or combustion chamber, or it can be mixed with oxygen and then reflux to the intake port or combustion chamber. In configurations with helium recirculation, the engine should be an engine with a compression stroke.

Set control valves, timing control valves, pumps, etc. where necessary according to the fluid flow requirements of the engine.

In the utility model, in the structure provided with an oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler, liquid oxygen is used to cool the gaseous carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas of the engine after preliminary cooling into liquid carbon dioxide or dry ice, and the liquid oxygen absorbs heat to form gaseous oxygen . If the pre-cooled engine exhaust still contains a certain amount of water vapor, this water vapor will be liquefied into water and/or solidified into ice before forming carbon dioxide. In order to absorb the heat in the exhaust gas as much as possible and effectively liquefy the water vapor and carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas, the mixture of gaseous oxygen or gaseous oxygen and carbon dioxide (such as gaseous oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor) formed in the utility model The pressure of the mixture) can be set to be low, and further compression is required after entering the cylinder, which essentially uses the compression stroke of the engine to increase the cooling capacity of the liquid oxygen on the exhaust gas to form a closed system with zero or near zero emissions. Greatly reduce the pollution to the environment. Of course, this pressure can also be set to be higher, and high-efficiency combustion reactions can be completed in the combustion chamber without further compression.

It can be seen from the calculation that if the exhaust gas is cooled to about 5 degrees by the exhaust cooler, the heat required for the phase change process of liquid oxygen temperature rise is enough to cool and liquefy all the carbon dioxide produced when diesel, gasoline, and kerosene are used as fuel. If the exhaust gas cooler is used to cool the exhaust gas to about 60 degrees, then each cubic meter of exhaust gas contains more than 100 grams of water, and the heat required for the phase change process of liquid oxygen temperature rise can be replaced by diesel oil, gasoline, and kerosene. Seventy percent of the carbon dioxide produced as fuel is cooled and liquefied; at this temperature, if liquefied natural gas is used as fuel and its cold energy is used to cool the exhaust gas, that is, liquid oxygen and liquefied natural gas are used to cool 60 degrees Exhaust, according to calculations, not only can liquefy all the water and carbon dioxide in the 60-degree exhaust, but also leave 40% of the cold energy. It can be seen from this that if the system disclosed in the utility model uses liquefied natural gas as fuel, a complete gas closed cycle thermodynamic system can be formed.

It can be seen from the calculation that the storage energy per kilogram of liquid oxygen (referring to the heat absorbed by the liquid oxygen heated up and vaporized to the standard state) is much higher than the energy density of the most advanced batteries at present.

The low temperature of liquid oxygen is essentially equivalent to a battery that stores electrical energy in liquid oxygen. The storage of liquid oxygen is relatively easy, and the manufacturing process is mature. It can use a large amount of low-cost electricity (such as valley electricity and the remaining electricity of hydropower plants) and "garbage electricity" to store electricity in the form of liquid oxygen for use by engines, so as to realize Micro-, near-zero or zero-emissions for thermodynamic systems. The so-called micro-emission refers to a thermal power system that emits a small amount of carbon dioxide to the environment, and most of the carbon dioxide is stored in the form of liquid or solid; the so-called near-zero emission refers to a thermal power system that emits almost zero carbon dioxide to the environment; the so-called zero emission is Refers to a thermal power system that does not emit carbon dioxide to the environment at all. The so-called valley power refers to the electricity during the low peak of electricity consumption; the so-called garbage power refers to the electricity that cannot be used stably, such as the electricity generated by wind power and solar energy. This type of electricity is affected by the weather and day and night, and it is difficult to use it continuously and stably.

The price of liquid oxygen is about 600 yuan per ton, the price of liquid carbon dioxide is about 800 yuan per ton, and the price of dry ice is about 10,000 yuan per ton. Although the engine disclosed in the utility model consumes liquid oxygen, it produces liquid carbon dioxide Or dry ice, liquid carbon dioxide or dry ice can be traded for liquid oxygen, not only will not increase the operating cost of the engine, but may also reduce the operating cost of the engine.

In order to effectively use liquid oxygen and fuel to cool and condense the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas so that more or all of the carbon dioxide emitted by combustion is liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide, in addition to optimizing the design of the corresponding equipment and pipelines, a more important way is to select hydrogen-rich Carbon-less fuels, such as liquid methane, etc. The entire system will be more efficient for liquefaction and/or solidification of carbon dioxide if fuels such as pure liquid methane or liquefied natural gas are used that burn to produce less carbon dioxide than water.

In order to ensure that all the carbon dioxide formed by combustion is recovered, the exhaust gas (most of which is carbon dioxide) can be compressed and released after condensing and separating most of the water in the exhaust gas, or decompressed and cooled after compression and released heat , and then enter the condensation cooling system to use liquid oxygen or liquid oxygen and liquid fuel to liquefy carbon dioxide or dry ice.

The direct mixing heat exchanger mentioned in the utility model refers to a heat exchanger in which high-temperature fluid and low-temperature fluid are directly mixed for heat transfer. It is essentially a container in which high-temperature fluid and low-temperature fluid are mixed. In order to increase the mixing efficiency Uniformity, diversion structure, stirring mechanism or jet structure can be set in this container.

The direct-mixed convective heat exchanger described in the utility model refers to a heat exchanger in which high-temperature fluid and low-temperature fluid are directly mixed and the mixture of different concentrations conducts convective flow for heat transfer under the action of a countercurrent channel. In order to increase the uniformity of mixing, The heat exchanger can be provided with a guide structure, a stirring mechanism or a jet structure.

In the gas closed cycle thermal power system disclosed by the utility model, in the structure where the oxygen source is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank, the liquid oxygen area in the liquid oxygen storage tank can be set as an exhaust deep cooler, and the liquid oxygen storage tank Part of the space is set as a cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank. In this structure, the exhaust after passing through the exhaust cooler is directly introduced into the liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen storage tank, and the exhaust gas is mixed with the liquid oxygen to realize the liquefaction of carbon dioxide in the liquid oxygen storage tank and/or Solidification, or make the exhaust gas pass through the heat exchanger in the liquid oxygen storage tank and be deeply cooled by the liquid oxygen to realize the liquefaction and/or solidification of carbon dioxide. The liquefied or solidified carbon dioxide will settle to the lower end space of the liquid oxygen storage tank due to its large specific gravity. In this way, as the engine works, the liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen storage tank will gradually vaporize and leave the liquid oxygen storage tank, and the amount of liquefied or solidified carbon dioxide will gradually increase in the liquid oxygen storage tank. This structure is equivalent to canceling The space occupied by the exhaust deep cooler and the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank is reduced, so this structure can greatly reduce the volume and cost of the system.

If the engine is removed from the gas closed cycle thermal power system disclosed in the utility model, and the combustion chamber of the engine is set as the furnace of the heating boiler, the gas closed cycle thermal power system disclosed in the utility model is also suitable for the heating system, forming Air closed cycle heating system without external discharge.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

1. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost and high reliability, and decisively reduces the discharge of engine pollutants.

2. The thermal power system disclosed by the utility model has high efficiency and good load response.

3. The thermal power system disclosed in the utility model can effectively utilize the off-peak electricity and the so-called "garbage electricity" of the power grid system, and can improve the operation stability and safety of the power grid.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment 1;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment 2;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment 3;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment 4;

Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are the structural representations of the utility model embodiment 5;

Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment 6;

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 7 of the present utility model;

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 8 of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 9 of the utility model;

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 10 of the present utility model;

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 11 of the present utility model;

Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 12 of the present utility model;

Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 are the structural representations of the utility model embodiment 13;

Fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 14 of the present utility model;

Fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 15 of the present utility model;

Fig. 18 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 16 of the present utility model;

Fig. 19 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 17 of the present utility model;

Fig. 20, Fig. 21 and Fig. 22 are structural schematic diagrams of Embodiment 18 of the present utility model.

Detailed ways

Example 1

The gas closed cycle thermal power system shown in Figure 1 includes an engine 1, an oxygen source 2, an exhaust cooler 3, an exhaust deep cooler 4 and a cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank 5, the oxygen source 2 and the combustion chamber of the engine 1 100 is connected, the exhaust passage 101 of the engine 1 communicates with the exhaust deep cooler 4 through the exhaust cooler 3, the water outlet 301 is set on the exhaust cooler 3, and the deep cooling carbon dioxide is set on the exhaust deep cooler 4 The discharge port 302, the cryogenic carbon dioxide discharge port 302 communicates with the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank 5 so that all or part of the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas of the engine 1 is stored in the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank 5 in the form of liquid and/or solid.

Example 2

The gas closed cycle thermal power system shown in Figure 2 differs from Embodiment 1 in that: the oxygen source 2 is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank 21, and the exhaust gas deep cooler 4 is set as an oxygen endothermic exhaust gas deep cooler 6 , a water outlet 301 and a cryogenic carbon dioxide outlet 302 are provided on the oxygen endothermic exhaust deep cooler 6, and the liquid oxygen storage tank 21 communicates with the cooling fluid inlet of the oxygen endothermic exhaust deep cooler 6, and the oxygen endothermic An oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet 303 is provided on the exhaust deep cooler 6 , and the oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet 303 communicates with the combustion chamber 100 of the engine 1 . In addition, the exhaust gas cooling system 340 composed of the exhaust gas cooler 3 and the exhaust gas subcooler 4 can also be set as an oxygen endothermic exhaust gas subcooler, and the oxygen endothermic exhaust gas subcooler cools the exhaust gas to a depth Cooling liquefies the water vapor in the exhaust and liquefies and/or solidifies the carbon dioxide.

Example 3

The gas closed cycle thermal power system shown in Figure 3 differs from Embodiment 1 in that: the fuel of the engine 1 is set as liquefied fuel, the liquefied fuel is stored in the liquefied fuel storage tank 3003, and the exhaust gas deep cooler 4 is set as The fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas sub-cooler 333 is provided with a cryogenic carbon dioxide outlet 302, and the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas sub-cooler 333 has a cooling fluid inlet connected to the liquefied fuel storage tank 3003. A fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet 304 is provided on the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler 333 , and the fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet 304 communicates with the combustion chamber 100 of the engine 1 . In addition, the exhaust gas cooling system 340 composed of the exhaust gas cooler 3 and the exhaust gas deep cooler 4 can also be used as a fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler, and the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler cools the exhaust gas to a depth Cooling liquefies the water vapor in the exhaust and liquefies and/or solidifies the carbon dioxide.

Example 4

The gas closed cycle thermal power system shown in Figure 4 differs from Embodiment 1 in that: the oxygen source 2 is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank 21, the fuel of the engine 1 is set as liquefied fuel, and the liquefied fuel is stored in the liquefied fuel storage tank In 3003, the exhaust gas deep cooler 4 is set as an exhaust gas deep cooling system 633 composed of an oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler 6 and a fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler 333 arranged in parallel; A cryogenic carbon dioxide outlet 302 is provided on the device 6, and the liquid oxygen storage tank 21 communicates with the cooling fluid inlet of the oxygen endothermic exhaust deep cooler 6, and an oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet is provided on the oxygen endothermic exhaust deep cooler 6 303, the oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet 303 communicates with the combustion chamber 100 of the engine 1, and the deep cooling carbon dioxide discharge port 302 is set on the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler 333, and the cooling fluid inlet of the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler 333 It communicates with the liquefied fuel storage tank 3003, and a fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet 304 is provided on the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler 333. The fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet 304 communicates with the combustion chamber 100 of the engine 1. The oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust The gas subcooler (6) and the exhaust inlet of the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust subcooler (333) communicate with the exhaust cooler (3) respectively.

Example 5

The gas closed cycle thermal power system shown in Figure 5 differs from Embodiment 1 in that: the oxygen source 2 is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank 21, the fuel of the engine 1 is set as liquefied fuel, and the liquefied fuel is stored in the liquefied fuel storage tank In 3003, the exhaust gas deep cooler 4 is set as an exhaust gas deep cooling system 633 composed of an oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler 6 and a fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler 333 arranged in series; The gas deep cooler 6 is provided with a cryogenic carbon dioxide discharge port 302 , and the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler 333 at an intermediate stage is provided with a water discharge port 301 .

The gas closed-cycle thermal power system shown in Figure 6 differs from the above-mentioned scheme in that: a deep-cooled carbon dioxide discharge port 302 is provided on the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler 333 at the end, and an oxygen heat-absorbing outlet 302 is located at the middle stage. A water outlet 301 is provided on the exhaust gas deep cooler 6 .

Example 6

The gas closed cycle thermal power system shown in Figure 7 differs from Embodiment 1 in that: a thermal power unit 800 is provided between the combustion chamber 100 and the exhaust cooler 3, and the thermal power unit 800 outputs power externally, The exhaust cooler 3 and the exhaust deep cooler 4 constitute an exhaust cooling system 340, and the exhaust deep cooler 4 is provided with a carbon dioxide export port 99, and the carbon dioxide export port 99 communicates with the combustion chamber 100 of the engine 1 through the carbon dioxide export channel 900 .

Example 7

The gas closed-cycle thermodynamic system shown in Figure 8 differs from Embodiment 1 in that the gas closed-cycle thermodynamic system also includes a brine storage tank 200 in the exhaust cooler 3 and the exhaust deep cooler 4 A brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler 201 is arranged between them, and the cooled fluid inlet of the brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler 201 communicates with the exhaust cooler 3, and the cooling fluid of the brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler 201 The inlet is communicated with the brine storage tank 200, the brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler 201 is provided with a brine outlet 202, and the cooled fluid outlet of the brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler 201 is connected to the exhaust deep cooler 4 connected, the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas cooler 3 is further cooled by the brine stored in the brine storage tank 200 in the brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler 201, and then enters the exhaust gas deep cooler 4 for deep cooling. cool down.

Example 8

The gas closed cycle thermal power system shown in Figure 9 differs from Embodiment 1 in that: a supercharger 400 and a heat exhauster 401 are arranged between the exhaust cooler 3 and the exhaust deep cooler 4, and the exhaust After being compressed in the supercharger 400 and cooled in the heat exhauster 401 , it enters the exhaust deep cooler 4 for deep cooling to reduce the demand for cold energy during the liquefaction or solidification of carbon dioxide in the exhaust deep cooler 4 .

Example 9

The gas closed cycle thermodynamic system shown in Figure 10 differs from Embodiment 1 in that the gas closed cycle thermodynamic system also includes a cryogenic refrigerant storage tank 500, and the exhaust deep cooler 4 is set as a cryogenic load. Refrigerant heat-absorbing exhaust cooler 501, the cooled fluid inlet of the cryogenic brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler 501 communicates with the exhaust outlet of the exhaust cooler 3, and the cryogenic brine heat-absorbing exhaust is cooled A cryogenic carbon dioxide discharge port 302 is provided on the device 501, and the cooling fluid inlet of the cryogenic brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler 501 is communicated with the cryogenic brine storage tank 500, and the cryogenic brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler 501 The cryogenic carbon dioxide outlet 302 communicates with the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank 5, and the cryogenic brine outlet 502 is provided on the cryogenic brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler 501.

Example 10

The gas closed cycle thermal power system shown in Figure 11 differs from Embodiment 1 in that: the exhaust gas subcooler 4 is set as an adsorption-type thermal fluid self-cooling system 111 driven by the exhaust heat energy of the engine 1, and the adsorption The thermal fluid self-cooling system 111 utilizes the heat energy of the exhaust gas of the engine 1 to deeply cool the exhaust gas to liquefy the residual water vapor in the exhaust gas, and then liquefy and/or solidify the carbon dioxide.

For this embodiment 10, the exhaust gas cooler 3 can also be set as an adsorption thermal fluid self-cooling system 111 that uses the exhaust heat energy of the engine 1 as a driving force, and the adsorption thermal fluid self-cooling system 111 utilizes the exhaust thermal energy of the engine 1 cooling the exhaust gas;

Or the exhaust gas cooling system composed of the exhaust gas cooler 3 and the exhaust gas deep cooler 4 is set as an adsorption thermal fluid self-cooling system driven by the exhaust heat energy of the engine 1, and the adsorption thermal fluid self-cooling system utilizes the engine 1 The heat energy of the exhaust gas cools the exhaust gas and then enters the deep cooling process to liquefy the water vapor in the exhaust gas and liquefy and/or solidify the carbon dioxide.

Example 11

The gas closed cycle thermal power system shown in Figure 12 differs from Embodiment 1 in that: the exhaust gas subcooler 4 is set as a compression type exhaust gas self-cooling system 444 driven by the exhaust heat energy of the engine 1, and the compression The exhaust self-cooling system 444 utilizes the heat energy of the exhaust gas of the engine 1 to deeply cool the exhaust gas to liquefy the residual water vapor in the exhaust gas, and then liquefy and/or solidify the carbon dioxide.

For this embodiment 10, the exhaust gas cooler 3 can also be set as a compression type exhaust self-cooling system 444 that uses the exhaust heat energy of the engine 1 as a driving force, and the compression type exhaust self-cooling system 444 utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the engine 1 cooling the exhaust gas;

Or set the exhaust cooling system composed of exhaust cooler 3 and exhaust deep cooler 4 as a compression exhaust self-cooling system that takes engine 1 exhaust heat as a driving force, and the compression exhaust self-cooling system utilizes engine 1 The heat energy of the exhaust gas cools the exhaust gas and then enters the deep cooling process to liquefy the water vapor in the exhaust gas and liquefy and/or solidify the carbon dioxide.

Example 12

The gas closed cycle thermodynamic system shown in Figure 13 differs from Embodiment 1 in that: the water discharge port 301 communicates with the water nozzle 311 to spray the water from the water discharge port 301 to the external high temperature of the exhaust cooler 3 The area acts as the evaporative heat-absorbing carrier of the exhaust cooler 3 to improve the exhaust cooling efficiency of the exhaust cooler 3.

In addition, the water from the water outlet 301 can also be used as a cooling medium to be introduced into the high temperature area inside the exhaust cooler 3 to improve the exhaust cooling efficiency of the exhaust cooler 3 .

Example 13

The gas closed cycle thermodynamic system shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15 differs from Embodiment 1 in that: the oxygen endothermic exhaust gas deep cooler 6 is set as a direct-mix heat exchanger 337 or is set as a direct-mix convective heat exchange device 338, the oxygen source 2 is set as the liquid oxygen storage tank 21, the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank 5 is set as the lower end space 2102 of the liquid oxygen storage tank 21, and a part of the space of the liquid oxygen storage tank 21 is used to store Liquid carbon dioxide and/or dry ice.

In addition, in the structure provided with the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas subcooler 333 , the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas subcooler 333 is used as a direct-mix heat exchanger 337 or as a direct-mix convective heat exchanger 338 .

Example 14

The gas closed cycle thermal power system shown in Figure 16 differs from Embodiment 1 in that: the oxygen source 2 is set to the atmosphere, and a nitrogen outlet 44 is set on the exhaust deep cooler 4, and the nitrogen outlet 44 communicates with the cooling gas inlet of the nitrogen gas heat-absorbing exhaust gas cooling heat exchanger 441 , and the nitrogen gas heat-absorbing exhaust gas cooling heat exchanger 441 is arranged before the exhaust deep cooler 4 on the exhaust passage 101 .

Example 15

The gas closed cycle thermodynamic system shown in FIG. 17 differs from Embodiment 14 in that: the nitrogen outlet 44 communicates with a nitrogen storage tank 414, and the nitrogen storage tank 414 is used to store nitrogen in the exhaust gas.

Example 16

The gas closed-cycle thermodynamic system shown in Figure 18 differs from Embodiment 1 in that the gas closed-cycle thermodynamic system also includes a helium return pipe 1101, which connects the intake passage 108 of the engine 1, the combustion chamber 100, and the exhaust Helium is filled in the system formed by the air passage 101, the exhaust cooler 3 and the deep cooler 4, and the helium return pipe 1101 connects the intake passage 108 of the engine 1 with the exhaust passage 101 and/or the exhaust passage 101. The communication space communicates, and the communication space of the exhaust duct 101 is set as a deep cooler 4, and a helium outlet 41 is arranged on the deep cooler 4, and the helium outlet 41 communicates with the helium return pipe 1101, and the helium gas flows through the engine 1 The intake passage 108, the combustion chamber 100, the exhaust passage 101, the exhaust cooler 3 and the deep cooler 4 circulate, and a crankcase helium return pipe 91 is set between the intake passage 108 and the crankcase 106, and the crankcase The tank helium return pipe 91 communicates with the crankcase 106 through the crankcase helium return 42, and returns the helium leaked through the piston ring to the intake passage 108, reducing the demand for helium.

Example 17

The gas closed-cycle thermal power system shown in Figure 19 differs from Embodiment 1 in that: the oxygen source 2 is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank 21, and the exhaust deep cooler 4 is set as an oxygen heat-absorbing heat exchanger 480 in the tank , the oxygen heat-absorbing heat exchanger 480 in the tank is arranged in the liquid oxygen storage tank 21, and the liquid carbon dioxide outlet 4801 of the oxygen heat-absorbing heat exchanger 480 in the tank communicates with the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank 5, and utilizes the liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen storage tank 21 The liquid oxygen liquefies the exhaust cooled by the exhaust cooler 3 into liquid carbon dioxide, and then stores the liquid carbon dioxide in the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank 5 .

Example 18

The gas closed cycle thermodynamic system shown in Figure 20, 21 or 22 differs from Embodiment 1 in that: the oxygen source 2 is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank 21, and the exhaust deep cooler 4 is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank 21 In the liquid oxygen zone 2101, the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank 5 is set as the lower space 2102 in the liquid oxygen storage tank 21, and the exhaust gas cooled by the exhaust gas cooler 3 is cooled by the liquid oxygen zone 2101 in the liquid oxygen storage tank 21. Perform deep cooling, and use part of the space in the liquid oxygen storage tank 21 to store liquid carbon dioxide and/or dry ice. Wherein, the exhaust gas cooled by the exhaust cooler 3 in FIG. 20 is directly mixed with the liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen zone 2101 of the liquid oxygen storage tank 21 and then deeply cooled by the liquid oxygen; the exhaust gas cooled by the exhaust cooler 3 in FIG. 21 The exhaust gas is deeply cooled by the liquid oxygen through the heat exchanger 414 in the liquid oxygen zone 2101 of the liquid oxygen storage tank 21; in FIG. A heat conduction area 4002 is set on the heat shield 4001, and the exhaust gas cooled by the exhaust cooler 3 enters from the bottom of the liquid oxygen storage tank 21, passes through the anti-solidification heat exchanger 2103 and enters under the heat shield 4001, and the exhaust gas is cooled by the heat conduction The zone 4002 is stored in the lower space 2102 of the liquid oxygen storage tank 21 after being cooled by liquid oxygen. The purpose of installing the anti-solidification heat exchanger 2103 is to prevent the solidification of carbon dioxide. If the carbon dioxide solidifies, it will cause difficulties in exporting and absorb a large amount of cold energy of liquid oxygen, increasing the cooling load. The purpose of setting the heat shield 4001 is to control the heat transfer rate between the liquid oxygen and the exhaust gas and/or the liquefied carbon dioxide, so that the exhaust gas is liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide and maintained in a liquid state. The material of heat shield 4001 can be hard material or flexible material (such as a strip structure of flexible material), as long as it can float up and down and can satisfy the heat transfer between the liquid oxygen and the exhaust gas entering at the low end The speed is enough, and the requirements of maintaining low temperature and liquid oxygen environment must be met. As the engine works, the amount of liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid oxygen storage tank 21 will gradually increase, and the amount of liquid oxygen will gradually decrease. Under the action of liquid pressure or the action of the control mechanism, the heat shield 4001 will gradually move upward. When the liquid oxygen is exhausted, the liquid carbon dioxide is discharged from the lower end space 2102 of the liquid oxygen storage tank 21, the heat shield 4001 descends to the lower end of the liquid oxygen storage tank, and the liquid oxygen is refilled from the top of the liquid oxygen storage tank 21. If the engine is at a standstill for a period of time, the liquid carbon dioxide in the lower end space 2102 of the liquid oxygen storage tank 21 will gradually be solidified to form dry ice, but when the engine starts to work, the gaseous carbon dioxide in the exhaust will first pass through the anti-solidification heat exchange The vessel 2103 re-liquefies solidified carbon dioxide and is cooled and/or sub-cooled by the process of liquefying solid carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide.

Claims (13)

1. A gas closed cycle thermal power system, comprising engine (1), oxygen source (2), exhaust cooler (3), exhaust deep cooler (4) and cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank (5), its It is characterized in that: the oxygen source (2) communicates with the combustion chamber (100) of the engine (1), and the exhaust passage (101) of the engine (1) communicates with the exhaust gas cooler (3) The exhaust deep cooler (4) is communicated, a water outlet (301) is set on the exhaust cooler (3), and a cryogenic carbon dioxide outlet (302) is set on the exhaust deep cooler (4) ), the cryogenic carbon dioxide outlet (302) communicates with the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank (5) so that all or part of the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas of the engine (1) is stored in the form of liquid and/or solid In the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank (5). 2. The gas closed cycle thermal power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the oxygen source (2) is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank (21), and the exhaust gas deep cooler (4) is set as an oxygen absorber A hot exhaust deep cooler (6), the cryogenic carbon dioxide outlet (302) is arranged on the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler (6), and the liquid oxygen storage tank (21) and the oxygen The cooling fluid inlet of the endothermic exhaust deep cooler (6) is connected, and an oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet (303) is arranged on the oxygen endothermic exhaust deep cooler (6), and the oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet (303) communicating with the combustion chamber (100) of the engine (1); Or the oxygen source (2) is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank (21), and the exhaust gas cooling system (340) composed of the exhaust gas cooler (3) and the exhaust gas deep cooler (4) is set as An oxygen endothermic exhaust deep cooler (6), on which the oxygen endothermic exhaust deep cooler (6) is provided with the cryogenic carbon dioxide outlet (302), the liquid oxygen storage tank (21) and the The cooling fluid inlet of the oxygen endothermic exhaust deep cooler (6) is connected, and an oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet (303) is set on the oxygen endothermic exhaust deep cooler (6), and the oxygen/oxygen-containing gas The body outlet (303) communicates with the combustion chamber (100) of the engine (1). 3. The gas closed cycle thermal power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fuel of the engine (1) is set as liquefied fuel, and the liquefied fuel is stored in a liquefied fuel storage tank (3003), and the exhaust The gas deep cooler (4) is set as a fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler (333), and the deep-cooling carbon dioxide discharge port (302) is set on the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler (333), and the The cooling fluid inlet of the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler (333) communicates with the liquefied fuel storage tank (3003), and a fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet ( 304), the fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet (304) communicates with the combustion chamber (100) of the engine (1); Or the fuel of the engine (1) is set as liquefied fuel, and the liquefied fuel is stored in the liquefied fuel storage tank (3003), which will be supplied by the exhaust cooler (3) and the exhaust deep cooler (4) The constituted exhaust cooling system (340) is set as a fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler (333), and the deep-cooling carbon dioxide discharge outlet (302) is provided on the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler (333), The cooling fluid inlet of the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler (333) communicates with the liquefied fuel storage tank (3003), and a fuel/fuel-containing fluid is provided on the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler (333). An outlet (304), the fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet (304) communicates with the combustion chamber (100) of the engine (1). 4. The gas closed cycle thermal power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the oxygen source (2) is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank (21), the fuel of the engine (1) is set as a liquefied fuel, and the The liquefied fuel is stored in the liquefied fuel storage tank (3003), and the exhaust gas deep cooler (4) is configured by an oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler (6) and a fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler (333). Exhaust deep cooling system (633) composed of parallel or series arrangement; In the structure in which the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler (6) and the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler (333) are arranged in parallel, the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler (6) is provided with The cryogenic carbon dioxide outlet (302), the liquid oxygen storage tank (21) communicates with the cooling fluid inlet of the oxygen endothermic exhaust gas deep cooler (6), and the oxygen endothermic exhaust gas is deeply cooled The oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet (303) is provided on the device (6), and the oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet (303) is communicated with the combustion chamber (100) of the engine (1), and the exhaust heat of the fuel is exhausted The deep cooler (333) is provided with the cryogenic carbon dioxide outlet (302), and the cooling fluid inlet of the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler (333) communicates with the liquefied fuel storage tank (3003). A fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet (304) is provided on the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler (333), and the fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet (304) communicates with the combustion chamber (100) of the engine (1), The exhaust inlets of the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler (6) and the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler (333) are respectively communicated with the exhaust gas cooler (3); In the structure in which the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler (6) and the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler (333) are arranged in series, at the end of the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler (6 ) or on the fuel endothermic exhaust deep cooler (333), the cryogenic carbon dioxide outlet (302) is set, and the liquid oxygen storage tank (21) and the oxygen endothermic exhaust deep cooler The cooling fluid inlet of (6) is communicated with, an oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet (303) is set on the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust deep cooler (6), and the oxygen/oxygen-containing gas outlet (303) is connected to the engine The combustion chamber (100) of (1) communicates; the cooling fluid inlet of the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler (333) communicates with the liquefied fuel storage tank (3003), and the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas is deeply cooled A fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet (304) is provided on the device (333), and the fuel/fuel-containing fluid outlet (304) communicates with the combustion chamber (100) of the engine (1); the oxygen in the upstream absorbs heat The exhaust gas inlet of the exhaust gas deep cooler (6) or the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler (333) communicates with the exhaust gas cooler (3), and the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooling upstream The exhaust outlet of the heat absorber (6) or the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler (333) and the oxygen heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler (6) or the fuel heat-absorbing exhaust gas deep cooler (333) in the downstream The exhaust inlet of (333) communicates. 5. The gas closed cycle thermal power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: a thermal power unit (800) is provided between the combustion chamber (100) and the exhaust cooler (3), and the thermal power unit (800) is The power unit (800) outputs power externally. 6. The gas closed cycle thermal power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gas closed cycle thermal power system further comprises a brine storage tank (200), between the exhaust cooler (3) and the A brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler (201) is arranged between the exhaust deep coolers (4), and the cooled fluid inlet of the brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler (201) is connected to the exhaust cooling (3), the cooling fluid inlet of the brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler (201) communicates with the brine storage tank (200), and the brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler (201 ) is provided with a brine outlet (202), the cooled fluid outlet of the brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler (201) communicates with the exhaust deep cooler (4), and the exhaust cooler (3) The exhaust gas that comes out is further cooled by the brine stored in the brine storage tank (200) in the brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler (201) and then enters the exhaust depth The cooler (4) performs deep cooling; and/or a supercharger (400) and a heat exhauster (401) are arranged between the exhaust cooler (3) and the exhaust deep cooler (4), The exhaust gas is compressed in the supercharger (400), cooled in the heat exhauster (401), and then enters the exhaust deep cooler (4) for deep cooling to reduce the exhaust gas depth. Demand for cold energy during the liquefaction or solidification of carbon dioxide in the cooler (4). 7. The gas closed cycle thermal power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gas closed cycle thermal power system further comprises a cryogenic brine storage tank (500), and the exhaust deep cooler (4) Set as the cryogenic brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler (501), the cooled fluid inlet of the cryogenic brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler (501) is connected with the exhaust gas cooler (3) The gas outlet is connected, and the cryogenic carbon dioxide discharge outlet (302) is provided on the cryogenic brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler (501), and the cryogenic brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler (501) The cooling fluid inlet of the cryogenic brine is communicated with the cryogenic brine storage tank (500), and the cryogenic carbon dioxide discharge outlet (302) of the cryogenic brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler (501) is connected with the deep cryogenic The cold carbon dioxide storage tank (5) is connected, and a cryogenic brine outlet (502) is provided on the cryogenic brine heat-absorbing exhaust cooler (501). 8. The gas closed cycle thermal power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water outlet (301) communicates with the water nozzle (311) to spray water from the water outlet (301) to the The external high-temperature zone of the exhaust cooler (3) is used as the evaporation heat absorption carrier of the exhaust cooler (3) to improve the exhaust cooling efficiency of the exhaust cooler (3); or the The water coming out of the water outlet (301) is used as a cooling medium and introduced into the high temperature area inside the exhaust cooler (3) to improve the exhaust cooling efficiency of the exhaust cooler (3). 9. According to any one of claims 1 to 8, the gas closed cycle thermal power system is characterized in that: the oxygen source (2) is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank (21), and the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank (5 ) is set as the lower end space (2102) of the liquid oxygen storage tank (21), and a part of the space of the liquid oxygen storage tank (21) is used to store liquid carbon dioxide and/or dry ice. 10. The gas closed cycle thermal power system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the oxygen source (2) is set to the atmosphere, and a nitrogen outlet is set on the exhaust deep cooler (4) (44). 11. The gas closed cycle thermal power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gas closed cycle thermal power system further comprises a helium return pipe (1101), which is connected to the air inlet (108) of the engine (1) ), the combustion chamber (100), the exhaust duct (101), the exhaust cooler (3) and the deep cooler (4) are filled with helium in the system formed, and the helium The air return pipe (1101) communicates the air inlet (108) of the engine (1) with the exhaust duct (101) and/or the communicating space of the exhaust duct (101), and the helium gas flows in the exhaust duct (101). The intake port (108), the combustion chamber (100), the exhaust port (101), the exhaust cooler (3) and the deep cooler (4) of the engine (1) Cycle between. 12. The gas closed cycle thermal power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the oxygen source (2) is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank (21), and the exhaust gas deep cooler (4) is set as an internal tank An oxygen heat-absorbing heat exchanger (480), the oxygen heat-absorbing heat exchanger (480) in the tank is arranged in the liquid oxygen storage tank (21), and the oxygen heat-absorbing heat exchanger (480) in the tank The liquid carbon dioxide outlet (4801) communicates with the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank (5), and utilizes the liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen storage tank (21) to liquefy the exhaust gas cooled by the exhaust gas cooler (3) into liquid carbon dioxide, and then the liquid carbon dioxide is stored in the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank (5). 13. The gas closed cycle thermal power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the oxygen source (2) is set as a liquid oxygen storage tank (21), and the exhaust deep cooler (4) is set as the The liquid oxygen zone (2101) in the liquid oxygen storage tank (21), the cryogenic carbon dioxide storage tank (5) is set as the lower space (2102) in the liquid oxygen storage tank (21), and the liquid oxygen storage tank (21) is used to The liquid oxygen zone (2101) in the storage tank (21) performs deep cooling on the exhaust gas cooled by the exhaust gas cooler (3), and uses part of the space in the liquid oxygen storage tank (21) to store Liquid carbon dioxide and/or dry ice.

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