CN201340104Y - Vertical heat-collecting plate solar chimney power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a vertical heat collecting plate type solar hot air power station, which belongs to the technical field of solar heat utilization. The main structure of this kind of power station system is to rely on the sunny wall of the high-rise building, use the internal selective absorption coating with strong absorption capacity, the heat collector plate with the extended surface of the ribs and fill the phase change heat storage material between the two interlayers. In order to maintain the continuous operation of the power station system, the heat storage device is installed on the top of the high-rise building, and the communication pipe is connected with the heat collector plate, and the wind turbine generator set is installed at the lower part of the chimney, and the guide pipe with increasing diameter is used to guide the air into the power generation system. This kind of power station integrates the heat collecting plate and the chimney, occupies a small area, and can be built in densely populated areas such as cities. Its use can reduce the utilization rate of high-energy-consuming equipment in high-rise buildings, improve the indoor air quality of high-rise buildings, thereby improving the micro-meteorological environment around high-rise buildings, and can be used as a beneficial supplement to distributed energy systems.

Description

Vertical heat collector plate solar thermal air flow power station

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of solar heat utilization. Specifically, the principle of wind power generation is used to convert solar thermal energy into kinetic energy of air flow, and the air drives the wind turbine equipment to rotate during the flow process, converting the kinetic energy into mechanical energy, and then the wind turbine equipment drives the generator to run and convert the mechanical energy converted into electrical energy.

Background technique

Solar thermal air flow power generation technology is a new technology favored by many energy experts. The idea of building a solar thermal power station was originally proposed in 1978 by Professor J. Schlaich from the University of Stuttgart. He believes that the construction of solar thermal power plants is a good way to solve the problem of long-term economic stagnation in developing countries due to lack of electricity. The main materials for building solar thermal power plants are glass and cement. Unlike other solar power systems, this power station does not require high-tech equipment and talents, and is easy to maintain.

The solar thermal airflow power generation system consists of three basic parts: the solar heat collection shed, the chimney and the turbine generator set. The solar heat collection shed is built on a piece of land with strong solar radiation and good heat insulation performance; there is a certain gap between the heat collection shed and the ground to allow the surrounding air to enter the system; a chimney is built in the middle of the heat collection shed at a certain distance from the ground, There is a turbine at the bottom of the chimney. When the sun shines on the heat-collecting shed, the land under the heat-collecting shed absorbs the solar radiant energy passing through the covering layer, and heats the air between the land and the heat-collecting shed covering, so that the air temperature in the heat-collecting shed rises and the density decreases. And rising along the chimney, the cold air around the heat collecting shed enters the system, thus forming an air circulation flow. Because the space in the heat collection shed is large enough, when the airflow in the heat collection shed reaches the bottom of the chimney, a strong airflow will be formed in the chimney, and the powerful airflow will be used to push the turbine installed at the bottom of the chimney to drive the generator to generate electricity.

In foreign countries, Germany, Spain and other countries have established large-scale solar thermal power stations in desert areas (the diameter of the heat collection shed is 250m, the chimney height is 200m, and the power is 100kW), and they have been running until now. Since then, the United States, India, South Africa, Australia and other countries have successively carried out engineering design research and technical and economic evaluation of solar thermal power plants, successively established a number of solar thermal power generation model power plants of different sizes, and carried out a series of basic research. In recent years, some research reports related to solar thermal airflow power generation technology have been published, covering structural models, energy conversion, quality control of power generation, and possible environmental effects.

Domestically, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Institute of Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and other research institutions and universities with strong strength in the field of thermal energy and power engineering have conducted certain research on solar thermal airflow power generation technology. Shanghai Jiaotong University conducted a feasibility analysis on the application of solar hot air technology in Ningxia, and built a solar hot air power station. The analysis of Luo, Helan and other three regions shows that the monthly average power generation of the power station is about 110-190kW within a year, which can provide electricity for nearby villages, and the heat collection shed can also be used as an agricultural greenhouse, playing an active role in promoting agricultural production; Huazhong University of Science and Technology built a chimney with a height of 8m, a diameter of 0.3m, a heat collection shed with a diameter of 10m, and a distance of 0.1m from the ground. A solar thermal power generation device with a multi-blade turbine about 0.15m in length was developed, and the difference between the theoretical analysis and the actual device experiment was obtained. In 2005, Professor Liu Wei of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and his doctoral student Ming Tingzhen conducted in-depth research on the flow characteristics and motion characteristics of MW-level solar thermal power plants.

However, the above-mentioned existing technologies are only suitable for building large-scale thermal power plants. This type of power plant needs to build a heat-collecting shed with a large enough area to collect more solar energy. area, not suitable for building in urban areas.

Utility model content

The utility model provides a vertical heat collecting plate type solar thermal power station, which can solve the deficiency that the prior art is only applicable to desert and desertification areas, and applies the solar thermal power generation technology to cities, expanding the solar thermal power generation technology field of use.

In order to achieve the purpose of solving the above-mentioned technical solution, the technical solution of the present utility model is a vertical heat-collecting plate solar hot air power station, which consists of a heat-collecting plate built with a selective absorbing coating on the sunny wall of a high-rise building The solar chimney that directs the flowing air upwards, the wind turbine unit installed at the lower part of the solar chimney to convert the kinetic energy of the air flow into electrical energy, and the heat storage device set up to ensure the continuous operation of the power station system, in order to prevent the heat in the chimney from flowing Indoor heat transfer of high-rise buildings is a thermal insulation layer set on the outside of the sun-facing walls of high-rise buildings. The air inlet is set on the basement floor of the high-rise building, and the air enters the basement through the ventilation opening, and then enters the solar thermal airflow power generation system through the guide pipe with a diffusion effect.

The utility model also has the following technical features: the heat collecting plate adopts a double-layer structure, and phase-change heat-absorbing materials are filled between the surfaces of the two layers; The inner surface of tempered glass is coated with a selective absorption coating; the inner layer of the heat collecting plate adopts the form of extended surface similar to fins. The structure of the heat collecting plate is shown in Figure 3.

The inner surface of the outer layer of the heat collector plate is coated with a selective absorption coating, the main purpose is to allow the visible light energy of solar energy to pass through, to heat the phase-change heat-absorbing material in the interlayer of the heat collector plate, and to pass through the inner layer of the heat collector plate and its The extended surface heats the air inside the chimney. When the temperature of the air rises after absorbing heat, the coating plays a role in preventing the heat in the air from being transferred to the environment through the coating. At present, there are many selective coatings with this function. Generally, the coatings that can be used for selective absorption of solar energy can be used for the thermal insulation coating of the present invention. The more commonly used ones are gradient aluminum-nitrogen/aluminum selective absorption coatings. ;Anodic oxidation electrolytic coloring coating; electroplating black chrome coating; electroplating black nickel coating; electroplating black cobalt coating; aluminum sulfide coating; FeMoCuOx coating; black paint coating; multi-element alloy composite coating; cermet composite film wait.

The utility model also has the following technical features: the heat storage device includes two parts, the heat collecting plate device can be used as a part of the heat storage device, and the other part is an independent heat storage device, and the two parts of the heat storage device are used in combination Used to supplement heat supply at night or on cloudy days.

The utility model also has the following technical features: the air guide tube is placed horizontally, the diameter of the tube gradually increases, and the angle between the tube wall and its axis is in the range of 10°-12°. Its function is: on the one hand, it can guide the air into the solar thermal airflow power generation system; on the other hand, the gradual increase of its pipe diameter can gradually increase the air pressure and increase the pressure difference on both sides of the wind turbine equipment, so as to improve the energy conversion efficiency role. Its specific form is shown in accompanying drawing 4.

The utility model improves the heat collecting shed with a large area in the original solar hot air power station into a new type of vertical heat collecting plate, and at the same time uses this heat collecting plate to rely on the sunny wall of a high-rise building to build air for heat absorption, and The place where thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy of air flow—the solar chimney, integrates the heat collector and the chimney, which not only reduces the footprint of the solar thermal power station, but also reduces the force of the chimney because the chimney is built on top of a tall building The situation has been better improved, and the solar thermal airflow power generation technology that was originally only applicable to deserts and relatively less populated areas has been introduced into the city; at the same time, the strong air flow formed on the outer walls of high-rise buildings can improve the microclimate around high-rise buildings The environment provides a new idea for urban building energy conservation. For cities that are also rich in solar energy, because of the characteristics of the city itself, there is no large space to build a solar thermal power station with a large heat collection shed, so we can only consider building a small solar thermal power station according to local conditions. The vertical heat collecting plate solar thermal power station is an improved solar thermal power station, which is based on the sunny wall of the high-rise building and is built with a light-transmitting material with an extended surface that is coated with a selective absorption coating and serves as an air circulation channel. , which is also the solar chimney where the air absorbs solar heat energy. At this time, the more mature technology of the solar thermal power station is used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy. The main features of this new type of solar thermal power station are: relying on high-rise buildings, a vertical heat collector with fin-type extended surface, the heat collector plate is filled with phase-change heat-absorbing materials, and the heat collector has both heating air and storage At the same time, another heat storage device with strong heat storage capacity is added. The heat storage device is placed at an angle of 1°-3° with the horizontal direction to guide the air into the guide device of the solar thermal airflow power generation system, and the wind turbine generator set.

The advantage of the technical solution formed based on the above-mentioned technical features is:

①.Using the solar chimney technology, which was originally only applicable to desert and sandy areas, in cities, expanding the application field of solar thermal power generation technology.

②. Since the solar chimney is built with transparent materials, it is not only the air circulation channel, but also the place where the air is heated. Therefore, compared with the original solar thermal power station, the structure of this new solar thermal power station is simpler.

③. Since the main material required to construct this vertical collector plate solar thermal power station is tempered glass with high strength, and the price of this glass is relatively cheap, and because the scale of this solar thermal power station is small, so Compared with large-scale solar thermal power plants, the types of materials are reduced, and the cost is lower.

④. Due to the chimney ventilation effect, the vertical collector plate solar thermal power station can improve the indoor air quality of high-rise buildings, reduce the utilization rate of high-energy-consuming equipment in the building itself, and improve the micro-meteorological environment around high-rise buildings.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is described in detail.

Fig. 1 is the front view of the vertical heat collecting plate type solar hot air power station of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is a side view direction sectional view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view in the top view direction of the vertical heat collecting plate device of the present utility model;

Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the guide tube in the utility model;

1. Solar chimney; 1-1. Chimney outlet; 2. Heat collector system; 2-1. Outer layer of heat collector; 2-2. Phase change heat storage material; 2-3. Expansion of inner layer of heat collector Surface; 3. Thermal insulation layer heat storage device; 4. Air guide pipe; 5. High-rise basement air intake; 6. High-rise building; 7. Heat storage device; .Wind turbines.

Detailed ways

The air enters the vertical heat collector plate solar hot air power station system through the guide pipe 4. During the daytime, when sunlight shines on the solar thermal collector plate system 2 with a selective absorbing coating, the phase change heat storage material 2- of the thermal collector plate is first heated by the selective absorbing coating on the outer layer 2-1 2, and then transfer heat to the expansion surface 2-3 of the inner layer of the heat collecting plate 2, and the air in the solar chimney 1 is heated by the expansion surface 2-3; when the air in the solar chimney flows upwards, it is at the bottom of the solar chimney A low-pressure area is formed. At this time, due to the certain pressure difference between the air on both sides of the wind turbine generator set 9, the wind turbine generator set 9 is driven to rotate to generate electricity. At the same time, the heat storage device 7 is placed on the top of a high-rise building during the day. When the phase change heat storage material 2-2 in the heat collecting plate absorbs heat and changes from solid to liquid, the volume expands, and the heat storage material will move to the heat storage device 7 through the communication pipe 8. And be full of the whole space of heat storage device 7; When the phase change heat storage material 2-2 in the heat collecting plate 2 becomes solid after releasing heat at night, the volume decreases, at this moment the phase change material in the heat storage device 7 The air in the solar chimney is heated by returning to the heat collecting plate system 2 to ensure the continuous operation of the vertical heat collecting plate type solar thermal air flow power generation device. The air after doing work is discharged into the atmosphere through the outlet 1-1 of the solar chimney 1, while the air required by the vertical solar thermal power station enters the basement of the high building from the underground air inlet 5 of the high building, and then enters the solar thermal air flow through the guide pipe 4 Power system. In order to prevent the heat carried by the air in the solar chimney 1 from being transferred to the interior of the tall building, an insulating layer 3 is provided outside the sunny wall of the tall building.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model, and is not intended to limit the utility model in other forms. Any skilled person who is familiar with this profession may use the technical content disclosed above to change or remodel it into an equivalent change. Equivalent embodiment. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present utility model without departing from the content of the technical solution of the utility model still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the utility model.

Claims (2)

1. a vertical heat collecting plate type solar energy hot air power station, it comprises the vertical drainage channel built on high-rise building, i.e. solar chimney, vertical solar heat collecting plate, wind turbine unit, heat storage device, it is characterized in that The solar chimney is built by the heat collecting plate relying on the high-rise building. The heat collecting plate is composed of two layers, wherein the inner side of the outer layer is coated with a selective absorption coating, and the inner layer has an extended surface form in the form of fins. The interlayer of the solar chimney is filled with phase change heat storage materials, and the wind turbines are installed at the lower part of the solar chimney. 2. The vertical heat collecting plate type solar hot air power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat storage device is installed on the roof of a high-rise building, and the heat storage device is installed at an angle of 1°-3° with the horizontal direction , the heat storage device is a container that is evacuated inside, and is connected with the heat collection plate by a communication pipe, so that the heat storage medium can move between the heat storage device and the heat collection plate.

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