CN201338543Y

CN201338543Y - Novel electric bicycle controller

Info

Publication number: CN201338543Y
Application number: CNU2008201795932U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 滕士雷
Original assignee: Wuxi Machinery and Electron Higher Professional and Technical School
Current assignee: Wuxi Machinery and Electron Higher Professional and Technical School
Priority date: 2008-12-05
Filing date: 2008-12-05
Publication date: 2009-11-04
Anticipated expiration: 2018-12-05

Abstract

The utility model discloses a novel electric bicycle controller; a shift-level selecting unit transmits a signal which is undertaken the resistance and capacitance filter treatment to a main control unit to be undertaken the shift-level judgment; a handle signal detecting unit transmits a collected signal to the main control unit to be processed so as to control a brushless motor driving unit; a brake control unit converts a brake signal to be a low-potential-level and to be collected by the main control unit; and an over-current protection unit compares the benchmark voltage with the voltage of the brushless motor driving unit and outputs an over-current protection signal to the main control unit. The controller is free from utilizing any boosting sensor, and the boosting mode and the electric mode are identified by collecting the phase changing signal of the brushless motor and the running current of the motor of the electric bicycle, and the precise ratio boosting function is realized through the software algorithm, thereby effectively protecting the alternative-current motor, and having the advantages of reasonable structure, complete function, good stability and the like, and having great significance.

Description

The new type electric bicycle controller

Technical field:

The utility model relates to a kind of Electrical Bicycle control setup, relates in particular to a kind of controller of realizing accurate ratio assist function under the situation that does not have the electric motor car power assisting sensor.

Background technology;

Existing Electrical Bicycle assist function all is based on the assistant sensor realization, can be divided into two big classes: a kind of is " dynamometry type " system with mechanics sensor, though this system power-assisted effect is pretty good, but improved the technical risk and the manufacturing cost of system greatly, seldom use in market at home; Another kind is to adopt the switching mode assistant sensor, assistant sensor is installed on the foot-operated axis, detecting power-assisted on-off signal rear motor just begins to start, start the back with regard to the all-electric mode of having controlled or having adopted pulse electric, in fact be exactly one " foot-operated transmission switch ", the manpower power-assisted most of the time is in that sky is stepped on or overload is exerted oneself state, therefore it there is no accurate ratio one and says, ride and feel also relatively poor, have a sensation of dashing, and the power-assisted inefficiency, can't become the main flow in market.

Above existing mode is owing to be to have adopted exterior assistant sensor all, manufacturing and maintenance cost are all higher, and sensor is no matter be under all-electric pattern or assistant mode, when manpower is foot-operated, all can move, the operating frequency of sensor-based system is higher relatively, go wrong easily after long-time the use, all there are certain defective in power-assisted effect and actual value of service simultaneously, and the people feels quite pleased in addition.

The utility model content:

The utility model provides a kind of new type electric bicycle controller of realizing accurate ratio assist function under the situation that does not have electric motor car power assisting signal (assistant sensor) at the deficiencies in the prior art.

For realizing the above object, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is:

The new type electric bicycle controller is by power subsystem unit; main control unit; the brushless motor driver element; the gear selected cell; the handle detecting signal unit; the brake control unit; current detecting unit; over-current protecting unit; the battery voltage detection unit is formed; wherein after the power subsystem unit energising; controller is at first realized runaway protection judgement by current detecting unit and handle detecting signal unit; begin then the gear selected cell; the brake control unit; signal such as current of electric and cell pressure detects in real time; carry out the processing of various functions; the gear selected cell with signal through resistance; give main control unit after capacitor filtering is handled and carry out the gear judgement; the handle detecting signal unit sends the signal that collects to main control unit and then realizes control to the brushless motor driver element; it is that low level is for the main control unit collection that the brake control unit carries out treatment conversion to brake signal; motor operating current is constantly gathered to realize overcurrent protection and the controlled reset of electric current in operational process in the battery voltage detection unit; realize the overcurrent protection of motor and the various flexibility functions relevant with this with current control; over-current protecting unit compares reference voltage and brushless motor driver element magnitude of voltage; if the excessive then output overcurrent of electric current signal is realized overcurrent protection function for the main control unit collection through arrangement; main control unit is exported three road pwm signals brushless motor driver element is controlled, and driver element is subjected to speed governing and the various control of the pwm signal control realization of main control unit to brushless motor.

The novel power supply that described power subsystem unit adopts voltage stabilizer and apportion element to form.

Described main control unit adopts the AVR-M48 micro controller system.

Described brushless motor driver element adopts six pipe bridge formulas to drive, and driving circuit adopts the apportion element to realize PWM control.

This controller is divided into third gear, and first retaining (A) and second grade (B) is the power-assisted shelves, and the 3rd retaining (C) is electronic shelves, and each gear all has a lowest high-current value, first grade of A (0.05～2A) function of power-assisted shelves; Second grade of A (0.05～6A) function of power-assisted shelves; (0.05～10A) is all-electric function shelves to the 3rd retaining C.

The power-assisted shelves function of this controller does not adopt any assistant sensor on circuit hardware, adopt the Electrical Bicycle brushless motor in the system, motor only drives the motor movement and rotates and can make that just commutation signal has output stepping on pedal with pin when electrical motor is in assistant mode, though wheel hub is changeing under the situation of descending and external force promotion, but the motor movement does not rotate, do not export commutation signal, so the commutation signal with motor in this controller passes through RE1, RE2, on running business into strong one, draws RE3 resistance fracture among the I/O that is connected to the MEG48 micro controller system, gather commutation signal on the one hand and realize the driving commutation control of brushless motor, discern assistant mode and electric model by commutation signal and the motor operating current of gathering the Electrical Bicycle brushless motor in addition, and realize accurate ratio assist function by software algorithm.

The advantage of this controller is: the control of (1) three gear, and each gear all has corresponding current limiting system, is fit to various environment, different crowd; (2) the present invention adopts the commutation signal and the motor operating current of main control unit collection Electrical Bicycle brushless motor to discern assistant mode and electric model, and realize accurate ratio assist function by software algorithm, need not to use complicated force-measuring sensing system and foot-operated rotating switch, greatly reduce the fault rate of design cost and system, have the more accurate function of ratio simultaneously; (3) in such scheme, speed and electric current are corresponding one by one with the continuous function relation, two closed loop controls are adopted in PWM control, can not occur in other ratio system in case not stepping on and will cut off the power supply, one steps on and can send a telegram here, off and on, the battery-driven car bad sensation of dashing in the process of riding, the rider utilizes this system to accelerate to 20km/h hardly arduously, slows down and steps on speed, just can underspeed reposefully, can reach state of equilibrium at any one speed point; (4) rider can suitably increase motion in the process of riding, and does not have sense of fatigue again simultaneously, has increased the mileages of continuation of battery-driven car when adopting this controller to obtain motion, the use cost of having saved battery; (5) owing to PWM in this controller has adopted real-time correction, whenever the increase of current of electric and to reduce all be flexible so there is not the super-large current discharge in battery, helps extending battery life, from energy-conservation angle, assistant mode is next can save electric energy.The utility model patent is fit to China's actual conditions, have energy-conserving and environment-protective, economical and practical, allocation proportion is accurate, technology is simple, easy to maintenance, characteristics such as applicability is strong.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the utility model schematic diagram;

Fig. 2 is the utility model circuit diagram;

The specific embodiment:

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the new type electric bicycle controller is made up of power subsystem unit 1, main control unit 2, brushless motor driver element 3, gear selected cell 4, handle detecting signal unit 5, brake control unit 6, current detecting unit 7, over-current protecting unit 8, battery voltage detection unit 9.

Should be earlier when car load is debugged to the corresponding relation of motor speed and PWM control, the corresponding relation of motor speed and motor operating current carries out software than locating tab assembly (corresponding relation of every motor may be slightly different) and storage, can reach more accurate ratio effect like this, have accurate in the circuit and ratio value is set switch S B-JZ is set, the SB-JZ switch is got to closure state, system enters accurate and state is set, carry out the setting of accurate and power-assisted ratio value by handle and three Gear Select Switch this moment, system powers on the back by current detecting unit 7 and the 5 realization runaway protection judgements (it is unusual that the handle that powers on must make zero and prevent that handle voltage from occurring) of handle detecting signal unit, begin then gear is selected, the handle signal, brake control, current of electric, signals such as cell pressure detect, gear selected cell 4 selects signal to be imported by JI2 gear, on running business into strong one, draws process resistance R I3-RI5, giving micro controller system after the capacitor C I2-CI4 Filtering Processing judges, the gear of selecting current system to be in, select also to have by RI1 in the circuit at gear simultaneously, RI2, the power supply locking wire signal that CI1 forms, be used for control to the car load power supply, handle adopts hall device to convert position of rotation to magnitude of voltage, by JH1 process resistance R H3, RH2, CH1 does anti-interference filtering, giving the AD mouth of main control unit 2 micro controller systems gathers, can import a magnitude of voltage through the speed limit of RH1 by JH3 simultaneously as the handle speed governing, handle only just works when system is in electronic gear, when collecting handle when signal is arranged, giving micro controller system with signal handles, output pwm signal control bridge drive circuit is realized the control to brushless motor, micro controller system is by gathering RE1 on the JE1 mouth, RE2, the hall signal that RE3 introduces is realized the commutation control of brushless motor, on software, give simultaneously the commutation compensation, brake control unit 6 is introduced brake control signal by JG1, through resistance R G1-RG3, diode DG1, aerotron QG1, capacitor C G1 handles brake signal, to drive aerotron QG1 during for high level open-minded when brake signal, and brake signal becomes low level for the micro controller system collection; When being low level, directly passes through brake signal diode DG1, resistance R G3 becomes low level for the micro controller system collection with brake signal, this circuit can be realized all positive brakings of high-low level, and the control that cooperates 3 pairs of motor coils of brushless motor driver element on software algorithm has realized the flexible brake of ABS electronics, motor operating current will constantly be gathered to realize overcurrent protection and the controlled reset of electric current in operational process in battery voltage detection unit 9 when electrical motor is controlled, realize the overcurrent protection of motor and the various flexibility functions relevant with this with current control, current detection circuit adopts LM358 amplifier and RD3, RD4, RD5, CD4, CD2 forms 10 times of in-phase amplification circuits, introduce current signal by the upper end of the R3 on the motor-drive circuit, give micro controller system through amplification and carry out the AD sampling; Over-current protecting unit 8 is by LM358 amplifier and RD1, RD2, RD6, the voltage comparator that CD3 forms is realized, the magnitude of voltage of reference voltage on the LM358 tripod and the upper end of the R3 on the motor-drive circuit compares, if the excessive then output overcurrent of electric current signal is for the micro controller system collection, through adjusting the realization overcurrent protection function, battery voltage detection unit 9 passes through resistance R F1 with the voltage of battery, RF2, the signal that the voltage sampling circuit that capacitor C F1 forms becomes micro controller system to gather big voltage transformation is given micro controller system and is handled, PWM control is adopted in the driving of 3 pairs of motors of brushless motor driver element, exported brachium pontis driving circuit in the control of three road pwm signals by micro controller system in electronic or power-assisted mode of operation following time, three metal-oxide-semiconductors handling last brachium pontis through crystal drive circuit carry out the control of switching sequence; The while micro controller system is exported three road high-low level signals three metal-oxide-semiconductors that descend brachium pontis is carried out the control of switching sequence, the hall position that the switching sequence of six pipes is gathered brushless motor by micro controller system decides, realize control in this way to brushless motor, with A is example mutually, and metal-oxide-semiconductor drive circuit works principle is as follows:

Following brachium pontis: when brachium pontis AL control signal was high level instantly, triode QC05 turn-offed, and the base stage of QC04 is 15V, then QC04 also turn-offs (it is open-minded that the QC04 base stage is lower than 15V), QC06 conducting simultaneously makes down brachium pontis MC02 grid be low level electric charge moment is given out light over the ground by QC06 that MC02 ends; When brachium pontis AL control signal was low level instantly, triode QC05 conducting made the base stage of QC04 be lower than 15V, resistance R C09 is the base stage current-limiting resistance of QC04, and the QC04 base current is greater than 0, then also conducting of QC04, QC06 ends simultaneously, makes that brachium pontis MC02 grid is 15V down, the MC02 conducting.

Last brachium pontis: when last brachium pontis A pwm control signal was high level, triode QC01 conducting made the base tension of QC02 be lower than 15V, then also conducting of QC02, and making the QC03 base stage simultaneously is high level 15V, QC03 ends.Capacitor C C01 anode is 15V through QC02, DC02, RC05, and brachium pontis MC01 grid in the arrival makes the MC01 conducting; When last brachium pontis A pwm control signal was low level, triode QC01 ended, and made that the base stage of QC02 is 15V, then QC02 also ends, and makes the QC03 base stage be lower than 15V simultaneously, the QC03 conducting, make to go up brachium pontis MC01 grid and be low level electric charge moment is given out light over the ground by QC03, MC01 ends.

The opening speed of CC03 control MC02 in the driving circuit, CC03 is big more, opens slowly more, and RC010 prepares for the CC01 charging, and the 15V power supply can not charge to CC01 by DC01, RC010 when six pipes are not given drive pulse.

The series connection constant voltage power suspply that power subsystem unit 1 adopts string R31, Z1 (18V), C23, C24, C22, Q3, Q4 to form produces 15V, as the gate drive voltage of metal-oxide-semiconductor in the metal-oxide-semiconductor driving circuit.

This controller is divided into third gear, and first retaining (A) and second grade (B) is the power-assisted shelves, and the 3rd retaining (C) is electronic shelves, and each class all has a lowest high-current value, first grade of A (0.05～2A) function of power-assisted shelves; (0.05～6A) functional description is the same for second grade of A of power-assisted shelves; The 3rd retaining C (0.05～10A) be all-electric function shelves, and shown in the power-assisted shelves function of this controller: 1) when rotating speed of motor is rising, delayed time 2 seconds, electric current still can not surpass lowest high-current value also along with increase, reach maxim after, electric current reduces; 2) in the process that electric current reduces, if rotating speed of motor is descending, electric current also reduces after 2 seconds in time-delay so, on the contrary the electric current increase; 3) in the process that electric current increases (till reaching maxim), rotating speed of motor is descending or is not changeing, and the electric current time-delay reduced after 2 seconds; 4) in the process that electric current reduces (or reducing to 0), if rotating speed of motor is rising, electric current also increases.

Main control unit 2 is gathered brushless motor commutation signal and motor operating current; by software algorithm power-assisted mode and electronic mode are distinguished and adjusted; the Electrical Bicycle gear is placed on one grade or two gears; battery-driven car is in ratio power-assisted mode of operation; begin to detect the commutation signal of brushless motor and the running current of motor this moment; after the people begins to power-assisted; the brushless motor movement begins to rotate; commutation signal output is arranged; converting the commutation signal of brushless motor to velocity amplitude then stores; the definite PWM controlling valu that should export of the power-assisted ratio corresponding relation of passing ratio; at this moment; the power of battery-driven car is proportionally provided jointly by battery and manpower; the real output value of PWM is made up of controlling valu and real-time correction two parts; controlling valu is used for realizing the coupling of manpower and battery power; in real time correction is with solving the uncomfortable sensation of riding that the load that causes because of road conditions and battery-driven car self changes generation suddenly; correction is by gathering current of electric; carry out the real-time correction of PWM value according to the variation of electric current; when electric current increases or reduces, correction is carried out the flexibility plus-minus; operate in a stable status up to battery-driven car; whenever this method makes that electric current can not produce unexpected increase or reduce; system is all carrying out flexible adjusting all the time to electric current; can form the sensation of well riding; simultaneously also can avoid the unexpected heavy-current discharge of battery, battery is had good protective effect.

The utility model can effectively be protected ac motor, have rational in infrastructure, multiple functional, The advantages such as good stability have great dissemination.

Claims

1; the new type electric bicycle controller is by power subsystem unit; main control unit; the brushless motor driver element; the gear selected cell; the handle detecting signal unit; the brake control unit; current detecting unit; over-current protecting unit; the battery voltage detection unit is formed; it is characterized in that: after the described power subsystem unit energising; controller is at first realized runaway protection judgement by current detecting unit and handle detecting signal unit; begin then the gear selected cell; the brake control unit; signal such as current of electric and cell pressure detects in real time; the gear selected cell with signal through resistance; give main control unit after capacitor filtering is handled and carry out the gear judgement; the handle detecting signal unit will collect signal and send main control unit to; it is that low level is for the main control unit collection that the brake control unit carries out treatment conversion to brake signal; motor operating current is constantly gathered to realize overcurrent protection and the controlled reset of electric current in operational process in the battery voltage detection unit; over-current protecting unit compares reference voltage and brushless motor driver element magnitude of voltage, and main control unit is exported three road pwm signals brushless motor driver element is controlled.

2, new type electric bicycle controller according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the novel power supply that described power subsystem unit adopts voltage stabilizer and apportion element to form.

3, new type electric bicycle controller according to claim 1 is characterized in that; Described main control unit adopts the AVR-M48 micro controller system.

4, new type electric bicycle controller according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described brushless motor driver element adopts six pipe bridge formulas to drive, and driving circuit adopts the apportion element to realize PWM control.