CN201165470Y - An efficient, fast and compact vehicle-mounted hydrogen-rich gas preparation device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of new energy, and provides an efficient, fast and compact vehicle-mounted hydrogen-rich gas preparation device for preparing vehicle-mounted hydrogen-rich gas in a short time. The device has a cylindrical structure and includes a plasma generator (1) and plasma reactor (2) two parts, both are connected, and plasma generator (1) has air inlet (4), and air inlet (4) is arranged as eccentric type, and plasma generator ( 1) The inner cavity is divided into two gas chambers, the lower gas chamber is a fuel premixing chamber, the whole device is vertical, made of stainless steel, the device is based on the chemical reaction characteristics of plasma, and uses plasma reforming method to treat carbon The reforming of hydrogen fuel to produce hydrogen has the advantages of fast start-up, high efficiency, low cost, and easy implementation, which greatly improves the speed and efficiency of hydrogen production.

Description

An efficient, fast and compact vehicle-mounted hydrogen-rich gas preparation device

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of new energy, and the function of the device is to make hydrocarbon fuel undergo partial oxidation reaction with air rapidly under normal temperature and pressure to generate hydrogen-rich gas, thereby improving the combustion efficiency of automobiles and reducing harmful emissions.

Background technique

At present, the global energy crisis, environmental pollution and other problems are becoming more and more serious. As the main consumer of petroleum, automobiles consume more and more petroleum resources, and the gas (state) pollutants (CO, NO _x , HC), particulate pollutants, and evaporative emissions emitted during driving have also become Major source of urban air pollution. Therefore, the development of cheap and clean new energy has become an urgent task for the automobile industry.

The calorific value of hydrogen is 140kJ/g, about three times that of gasoline, and is considered to be an ideal energy source to replace fossil fuels. Although the maximum pressure of the hydrogen tank has reached 70MPa, it still cannot meet the requirements of driving mileage, and there are still problems such as safety hazards. The vehicle-mounted hydrogen-rich gas preparation device can better solve the above problems and is the most realistic mobile hydrogen. One of the source choices. At present, there are two methods of reforming vehicle-mounted hydrocarbon fuels to produce hydrogen: chemical reforming and plasma reforming.

(1) chemical reforming method

The principle of chemical reforming is to chemically change hydrocarbon fuels to produce hydrogen under the action of a catalyst, including steam reforming, partial oxidation reforming and autothermal reforming. Hydrogen production by steam reforming is a relatively mature technology. Under the action of a catalyst, hydrogen in hydrocarbon fuels and hydrogen in water can be converted into hydrogen, so its hydrogen production rate is high. However, because the reaction is an endothermic reaction , so external heating is required, so the thermal efficiency of the entire system is low. Hydrogen production by partial oxidation reforming is a relatively mature technology in the field of industrial hydrogen production. It can even convert heavy oil into hydrogen-rich hydrogen. Its hydrogen production rate is lower than that of steam reforming, and the nitrogen in the air will dilute the produced gas. The volume percentage of hydrogen, but because the reaction is an exothermic reaction, there is less external heat supply, the thermal efficiency of the whole system is higher, and the start-up time is short and the dynamic response is fast. Autothermal reforming combines endothermic steam reforming and exothermic partial oxidation reforming, and realizes self-balancing of heat under certain conditions. This reforming method has high hydrogen production efficiency and high energy utilization rate. However, it is prone to localized overheating (ie "hot spots").

(2) Plasma reforming method

Plasma reforming (Plasma reforming) is a method of reforming hydrogen production that has only appeared in the past 10 years. It uses the gas to pass through the space between high-voltage electrodes, and the electrons flowing between the electrodes will split the gas molecules to produce the first material. Four states - plasma. Due to the presence of active free radicals (such as O, OH, O _{3 ,} etc.) in the plasma, some chemical reactions can be initiated. Since the high energy density of the plasma does not require a catalytic reactor, the size and mass of the reformer can be greatly reduced. The plasma reforming device has a simple structure, fast hydrogen production speed, fast start-up, no catalyst, can initiate hydrogen production reaction at room temperature and pressure, in a very short time, and in a small reaction space, so it is considered to be a Ideal for small-scale production of hydrogen. It is well known that the cathode Pt catalyst of PEMFC will be poisoned by CO, and the maximum allowable value of CO that can be tolerated is about 10ppm. The Plasma reforming method can make the hydrocarbon fuel decompose quickly at high temperature, and the products of this reaction are carbon and hydrogen. , does not produce the gas CO that poisons the Pt catalyst, and the greenhouse gas CO ₂ . Although the plasma generator needs to consume electric energy to generate plasma, the electric energy it consumes is only tens of watts, which is equivalent to the energy consumed by a car headlight. Compared with the energy consumed by it, it saves more energy and can Make combustion products cleaner. Another advantage of plasma reforming is that it can reform many fuels, such as alcohol, diesel, biological waste, natural gas, etc.

It can be seen that the difference between the hydrogen production principle of the chemical reforming method and the plasma reforming method is that they have different active substances to stimulate chemical reactions. The active substance of the chemical reforming method is a catalyst, while the active substance of the plasma reforming method is an active free radical. However, the catalyst often needs to be heated at high temperature to exert its activity, so it needs to be heated, which consumes more energy, and the heating time generally takes several minutes, so the hydrogen production device using the chemical reforming method is slow to start. However, the plasma reforming method does not require a catalyst, and the reaction can occur at room temperature, so the hydrogen production device using the plasma reforming method starts quickly.

Utility model content:

In order to solve the above problems, the utility model provides a vehicle-mounted hydrogen-rich gas preparation device with low cost, fast start-up, high efficiency and compact structure.

The technical scheme adopted is as follows: a vehicle-mounted hydrogen-rich gas preparation device, which is a cylindrical structure, including two parts, a plasma generator and a plasma reactor connected to each other, the plasma generator includes an air inlet, and the air inlet is set as Eccentric type, the inner cavity of the plasma generator is divided into two air chambers, the lower air chamber is the fuel premix chamber, the whole device is vertical and made of stainless steel.

The eccentric air inlet design makes the air intake vortex, prolongs the contact time between the gas and the arc, so as to generate more plasma, and the lower chamber of the plasma generator inner cavity is used as a fuel premix chamber, so that the fuel It can be mixed better. The whole device is vertical, and the gas flows from bottom to top. Due to the low density of hydrogen, this structure is conducive to the overflow of hydrogen.

The vehicle-mounted hydrogen-rich gas preparation device also uses the spark plug removed from the side electrode as the negative electrode, and the spark plug is installed at one end of the plasma generator along the axial direction, and the hydrogen production device is grounded as the positive electrode, and the plasma is generated by spark discharge. Under normal temperature and pressure, when the mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and air enters the plasma generator, plasma is generated by spark discharge. Afterwards, the reactants enter the plasma reactor, where the plasma promotes the partial oxidation of fuel and air, producing hydrogen-rich gas in a short period of time.

The characteristics of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen-rich gas preparation device are: using plasma reforming method to reform and produce hydrogen, with high hydrogen production speed and hydrogen production efficiency, low cost, fast start-up, compact structure, and easy implementation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a vehicle-mounted hydrogen-rich gas preparation device;

Fig. 2 is the A-A direction view of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen-rich gas preparation device;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an application example of a vehicle-mounted hydrogen-rich gas preparation device.

Explanation of symbols in the figure

1-plasma generator; 2-plasma reactor; 3-electrode installation hole; 4-air inlet; 5-gas outlet; 6-ignition control unit; 7-spark plug with side electrode removed; 8-purifier ; 9-hydrogen fuel vehicle engine; 10-grounding.

Detailed ways

The structural diagram of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen production device is shown in Figure 1. The mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and air enters the plasma generator 1 from the air inlet 4, and is discharged by the spark plug to generate plasma. Afterwards, the reactants enter the plasma reactor 2, where the plasma promotes the partial oxidation of fuel and air to generate hydrogen-rich gas in a short time. The hydrogen-rich gas produced flows out from the gas outlet 5.

In practical applications, one vehicle-mounted hydrogen production device can be used alone, or two or more vehicle-mounted hydrogen production devices can be used in parallel. It can be designed as an on-board hydrogen production system for hydrogen fuel vehicles as shown in Figure 2. The system uses a vehicle-mounted hydrogen production device and uses an ignition controller 6 to control spark discharge. The mixture of fuel and air enters the on-board hydrogen production device from the air inlet 4, and is reformed under the action of the spark discharge plasma to obtain hydrogen-rich gas, then passes through the purifier 8, and finally enters the hydrogen-fueled vehicle engine 9.

Claims (1)

1. vehicular hydrogen-rich gas preparation facilities, it is a cylinder-like structure, comprise interconnective plasma generator (1) and plasma reactor (2) two portions, it is characterized in that: plasma generator (1) comprises inlet mouth (4), inlet mouth (4) is set to centering type, and the inner chamber of plasma generator (1) is divided into two air chambers, and lower chamber is the premixer of fuel, whole device is vertical, adopts stainless material to make.

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