CN201100355Y - An energy absorber filled with special-shaped aluminum foam and aluminum alloy - Google Patents
An energy absorber filled with special-shaped aluminum foam and aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN201100355Y CN201100355Y CNU2007200386248U CN200720038624U CN201100355Y CN 201100355 Y CN201100355 Y CN 201100355Y CN U2007200386248 U CNU2007200386248 U CN U2007200386248U CN 200720038624 U CN200720038624 U CN 200720038624U CN 201100355 Y CN201100355 Y CN 201100355Y
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Abstract
一种充填异型泡沫铝及铝合金的能量吸收器，其特征在于由金属外壳和二次泡沫化铝及铝合金异型件组成，所述二次泡沫化铝及铝合金异型件为孔隙率在50.4％～93.8％变化，孔径1～5mm的二次泡沫化铝及铝合金异型件。本实用新型采用铝及铝合金作为基体材料的不同直径的球形件及不同大小的圆柱等填充件，可以根据吸能要求及环境采用不同的堆积密度在异型壳体中进行堆积，制成的异型能量吸收器质量更轻，吸能效率比整体泡沫铝提高10％以上。
An energy absorber filled with special-shaped aluminum foam and aluminum alloy, which is characterized in that it is composed of a metal shell and secondary foamed aluminum and aluminum alloy special-shaped parts, and the secondary foamed aluminum and aluminum alloy special-shaped parts have a porosity of 50.4 % to 93.8% change, secondary foamed aluminum and aluminum alloy special-shaped parts with a pore size of 1 to 5 mm. The utility model adopts aluminum and aluminum alloys as base materials, spherical parts of different diameters and cylinders of different sizes and other filling parts, which can be piled up in special-shaped shells with different packing densities according to energy absorption requirements and environments to form special-shaped shells. The energy absorber is lighter in weight, and its energy absorption efficiency is more than 10% higher than that of the whole foamed aluminum.
Description
一、技术领域 1. Technical field
本实用新型属于一种能量吸收器，特别涉及一种异型能量吸收器。The utility model belongs to an energy absorber, in particular to a special-shaped energy absorber.
二、背景技术 2. Background technology
现有技术：以闭孔泡沫铝为重点的超轻型多孔金属，由于特殊的孔隙结构，实现了材料轻质、多功能化，从而成为当前航天以及高技术的热点。由于汽车等民用及高技术领域的需求，泡沫铝异型件、三明治结构正成为泡沫金属制备领域中的前沿，其中将闭孔泡沫铝用作能量吸收已有报导，而现有的泡沫铝材料在作为能量吸收器的时候，其能量吸收效率在60％左右，且在其吸收能量过程中会产生碎屑，可能破坏包装，导致人员受伤，也会对周围电子电路的安全运行产生不利影响。目前采用整体泡沫铝材料制造的能量吸收器，其形状由于制备工艺的限制，比较单一，对需要保护的异型结构适用性不高，经常受到种种限制，特别是对大体积部件防护，整体泡沫铝合金材料的制备非常困难，而采用拼接的方法，就导致吸能效果降低；采用二次泡沫化铝合金异型件的能量吸收器，可将吸收效率提高10％以上，满足各种高技术领域的能量吸收应用。Existing technology: The ultra-light porous metal focusing on closed-cell foamed aluminum, due to the special pore structure, realizes light weight and multi-functionality of the material, thus becoming a hot spot in aerospace and high technology. Due to the needs of civil and high-tech fields such as automobiles, aluminum foam special-shaped parts and sandwich structures are becoming the forefront in the field of metal foam preparation. Among them, it has been reported that closed-cell aluminum foam is used for energy absorption, and the existing aluminum foam materials are in the field. When used as an energy absorber, its energy absorption efficiency is about 60%, and debris will be generated during the energy absorption process, which may damage the packaging, cause personal injury, and also have an adverse effect on the safe operation of the surrounding electronic circuits. At present, the shape of the energy absorber made of integral foamed aluminum material is relatively simple due to the limitation of the preparation process, and the applicability to the special-shaped structure that needs to be protected is not high, and it is often subject to various restrictions, especially for the protection of large-volume parts. Integral foamed aluminum The preparation of alloy materials is very difficult, and the method of splicing will reduce the energy absorption effect; the energy absorber using secondary foamed aluminum alloy special-shaped parts can increase the absorption efficiency by more than 10%, meeting the requirements of various high-tech fields. energy absorbing applications.
三、实用新型内容3. Contents of utility model
本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是：提供一种吸能效率高、不产生碎屑、可满足吸收特大冲击能量的，需要大型异型件要求的充填异型泡沫铝及铝合金的能量吸收器。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide an energy absorber filled with special-shaped foamed aluminum and aluminum alloy that has high energy absorption efficiency, does not generate debris, can absorb extra large impact energy, and needs large special-shaped parts.
本实用新型的技术解决方案为：一种充填异型泡沫铝及铝合金的能量吸收器，由金属外壳和二次泡沫化铝及铝合金异型件组成，所述二次泡沫化铝及铝合金异型件为孔隙率在50.4％～93.8％变化，孔径1～5mm的二次泡沫化铝及铝合金异型件。二次泡沫化铝及铝合金异型件为球形、圆柱形。二次泡沫化铝及铝合金异型件的堆积密度V泡沫铝/V壳体在30.0％～95.0％。二次泡沫化铝及铝合金异型件的尺寸在3～50mm。The technical solution of the utility model is: an energy absorber filled with special-shaped foamed aluminum and aluminum alloy, which is composed of a metal shell, secondary foamed aluminum and aluminum alloy special-shaped parts, and the secondary foamed aluminum and aluminum alloy special-shaped parts The parts are special-shaped parts of secondary foamed aluminum and aluminum alloy with a porosity varying from 50.4% to 93.8% and a pore diameter of 1 to 5 mm. Secondary foamed aluminum and aluminum alloy special-shaped parts are spherical and cylindrical. The bulk density of secondary foamed aluminum and aluminum alloy special-shaped parts V foam aluminum /V shell is 30.0% to 95.0%. The size of secondary foamed aluminum and aluminum alloy special-shaped parts is 3-50mm.
本实用新型获得如下技术效果：The utility model obtains following technical effect:
1、本实用新型采用铝及铝合金作为基体材料的不同直径的球形件及不同大小的圆柱等填充件，可以根据吸能要求及环境采用不同的堆积密度在异型壳体中进行堆积，制成的异型能量吸收器质量更轻，吸能效率比整体泡沫铝提高10％以上。图1中三条曲线分别是平均密度均为0.6g/cm3的整体泡沫铝，泡沫铝球堆积和空心塑料球的应变-吸能效率响应曲线。其中泡沫铝合金球和塑料球均采用直径为3-5mm的小球用作压缩性能实验。(1)整体泡沫铝和泡沫铝球堆积应变-吸能效率响应曲线具有较为稳定的平台区。它们在较低的应力水平下可产生大的应变，由于其独特的压缩性能，具有良好的能量吸收能力和较大的能量吸收率。(2)采用整体泡沫铝时形变达到10％时开始进入能量吸收平台区，此时的吸能效率为59％；而采用泡沫铝球堆积时当形变量达到13％时才开始进入能量吸收平台区，其吸能效率高达82％，比整体泡沫铝合金的吸能效率更高，但平台区较整体泡沫铝要稍短。这是由于采用泡沫铝球堆积时形成的间隙吸能及泡沫铝球本身的吸能二者的综合作用。(3)采用空心塑料球的堆积方式时，应变发生初期时吸能效率瞬间达到很高，形变量达到15％后吸能效率急剧下降。从图中曲线表明如果采用塑料球等材料作为包装设计或人员保护，冲击力会在瞬间超过一定值，从而导致包装破坏和人员伤害。1. The utility model adopts aluminum and aluminum alloy as the base material, the spherical parts of different diameters and the cylinders of different sizes and other filling parts can be stacked in the special-shaped shell with different packing densities according to the energy absorption requirements and the environment to make The special-shaped energy absorber is lighter in weight, and its energy absorption efficiency is more than 10% higher than that of the overall foamed aluminum. The three curves in Figure 1 are the strain-energy-absorbing efficiency response curves of the overall foamed aluminum with an average density of 0.6g/cm 3 , the accumulation of foamed aluminum balls and the hollow plastic balls. Among them, foamed aluminum alloy balls and plastic balls are small balls with a diameter of 3-5 mm for compression performance experiments. (1) The stacked strain-energy absorption efficiency response curves of integral foamed aluminum and foamed aluminum spheres have relatively stable plateau regions. They can generate large strains at lower stress levels, have good energy absorption capacity and a large energy absorption rate due to their unique compressive properties. (2) When the overall foamed aluminum is used, the deformation reaches 10%, and it starts to enter the energy absorption platform area, and the energy absorption efficiency at this time is 59%; and when the foamed aluminum balls are piled up, it begins to enter the energy absorption platform when the deformation reaches 13%. area, its energy absorption efficiency is as high as 82%, which is higher than that of the overall foamed aluminum alloy, but the platform area is slightly shorter than the overall foamed aluminum. This is due to the combined effect of the gap energy absorption formed when the aluminum foam balls are piled up and the energy absorption of the aluminum foam balls themselves. (3) When the stacking method of hollow plastic spheres is adopted, the energy absorption efficiency reaches a high level at the initial stage of strain, and the energy absorption efficiency drops sharply after the deformation amount reaches 15%. The curve in the figure shows that if plastic balls and other materials are used as packaging design or personnel protection, the impact force will exceed a certain value in an instant, resulting in packaging damage and personnel injury.
2、本实用新型采用二次泡沫化方法制备的球形件及圆柱等异型件作填充件，外用壳包裹的方法，在压缩过程中避免碎屑的产生，保证周边人员及电子等设备的安全。2. The utility model adopts the special-shaped parts such as spherical parts and cylinders prepared by the secondary foaming method as filling parts, and the method of external shell wrapping avoids the generation of debris during the compression process and ensures the safety of surrounding personnel and electronic equipment.
3、本实用新型采用二次泡沫化方法制备的球形件及圆柱等异型件作填充件，解决了制备异型及超大尺寸能量吸收器的方法，可满足吸收特大冲击能量的，需要大型异型件的要求。对于要保护的重要部件，采用焊接等方法制备各种大型异型中空箱体，在箱体中填满各种尺寸及孔隙率的泡沫铝合金球形、圆柱等异型件，当在大的冲击能量作用下，通过异型壳体变形、填充件堆积压缩转向密实、填充件本身的塑性变形三种方式的共同作用来起到能量吸收的作用。3. The utility model adopts special-shaped parts such as spherical parts and cylinders prepared by the secondary foaming method as filling parts, which solves the method of preparing special-shaped and super-large-sized energy absorbers, and can meet the needs of absorbing extra-large impact energy and requiring large-scale special-shaped parts. Require. For the important parts to be protected, various large-scale special-shaped hollow boxes are prepared by welding and other methods, and the box is filled with various sizes and porosity of foamed aluminum alloy spherical, cylindrical and other special-shaped parts. Next, through the combined action of deformation of the special-shaped shell, accumulation and compression of fillers and turning to compaction, and plastic deformation of the filler itself, the role of energy absorption is achieved.
4、本实用新型采用铝、铁、钛、铜及其合金中的一种作为壳体，同时对壳体的形状、厚度进行设计，可满足不同需求的吸能应用。4. The utility model adopts one of aluminum, iron, titanium, copper and their alloys as the shell, and at the same time designs the shape and thickness of the shell to meet different requirements for energy-absorbing applications.
5、本实用新型采用铝、铁、钛、铜及其合金中的一种作为壳体，可进行防腐蚀及美观处理，以适应于更宽领域的应用。5. The utility model adopts one of aluminum, iron, titanium, copper and their alloys as the shell, which can be treated for anti-corrosion and aesthetics, so as to be suitable for wider applications.
6、本实用新型采用二次泡沫化方法制备的球形件、圆柱等异型件，可采用铝及多种铝合金作为基体材料，满足不同范围的吸能需求。6. The utility model uses aluminum and various aluminum alloys as base materials for special-shaped parts such as spherical parts and cylinders prepared by the secondary foaming method to meet energy absorption requirements in different ranges.
四、附图说明 4. Description of drawings
图1三种多孔材料的形变与吸能效率对比图Fig.1 Comparison of deformation and energy absorption efficiency of three porous materials
五、具体实施方式 5. Specific implementation
实施例1Example 1
第一步：首先通过二次泡沫化方法，制备孔隙率为83.8％，平均孔径1.7mm，平均直径为12mm的泡沫铝合金球形件，获得填充件；The first step: first, through the secondary foaming method, prepare a foamed aluminum alloy spherical piece with a porosity of 83.8%, an average pore diameter of 1.7mm, and an average diameter of 12mm to obtain a filler;
第二步：采用厚度为3mm，直径为10mm的铝管作壳体，将二次泡沫化铝合金填充件在壳体内完成堆积，其堆积密度为73.5％；The second step: use an aluminum tube with a thickness of 3mm and a diameter of 10mm as the shell, and complete the accumulation of the secondary foamed aluminum alloy filling parts in the shell, and the stacking density is 73.5%;
第三步：通过焊接的方法将铝管内泡沫填充件密封，制成异型能量吸收器。Step 3: Seal the foam filler in the aluminum tube by welding to make a special-shaped energy absorber.
第四步：对异型能量吸收器进行防腐蚀处理。Step 4: Carry out anti-corrosion treatment on the special-shaped energy absorber.
实施例2Example 2
第一步：首先通过二次泡沫化方法，制备孔隙率为75.8％，平均孔径1.7mm，平均直径为23mm的泡沫铝合金球形件，获得填充件；The first step: firstly, through the secondary foaming method, a foamed aluminum alloy spherical piece with a porosity of 75.8%, an average pore diameter of 1.7mm, and an average diameter of 23mm is prepared to obtain a filler;
第二步：采用厚度为2mm，直径为90mm的不锈钢直角弯管作壳体，将二次泡沫化铝合金填充件在壳体内完成堆积，其堆积密度为65.3％；The second step: use a stainless steel right-angle elbow with a thickness of 2mm and a diameter of 90mm as the shell, and complete the accumulation of the secondary foamed aluminum alloy filling parts in the shell, and the stacking density is 65.3%;
第三步：通过焊接的方法将不锈钢直角弯管内泡沫填充件密封，制成异型能量吸收器。Step 3: Seal the foam filler in the stainless steel right-angle elbow by welding to make a special-shaped energy absorber.
第四步：对异型能量吸收器进行防腐蚀处理。Step 4: Carry out anti-corrosion treatment on the special-shaped energy absorber.
实施例3Example 3
第一步：首先通过二次泡沫化方法，制备孔隙率为50.4％，平均孔径1.0mm，平均直径为23mm的泡沫铝合金球形件，获得填充件；The first step: firstly, through the secondary foaming method, a foamed aluminum alloy spherical piece with a porosity of 50.4%, an average pore diameter of 1.0mm, and an average diameter of 23mm is prepared to obtain a filler;
第二步：采用厚度为2mm，直径为90mm的不锈钢直角弯管作壳体，将二次泡沫化铝合金填充件在壳体内完成堆积，其堆积密度为30.0％；The second step: use a stainless steel right-angle elbow with a thickness of 2mm and a diameter of 90mm as the shell, and complete the accumulation of the secondary foamed aluminum alloy filling parts in the shell, and the stacking density is 30.0%;
第三步：通过焊接的方法将不锈钢直角弯管内泡沫填充件密封，制成异型能量吸收器。Step 3: Seal the foam filler in the stainless steel right-angle elbow by welding to make a special-shaped energy absorber.
第四步：对异型能量吸收器进行防腐蚀处理。Step 4: Carry out anti-corrosion treatment on the special-shaped energy absorber.
实施例4Example 4
第一步：首先通过二次泡沫化方法，制备孔隙率为93.8％，平均孔径5.0mm，平均直径为23mm的泡沫铝合金球形件，获得填充件；The first step: firstly, through the secondary foaming method, a foamed aluminum alloy spherical piece with a porosity of 93.8%, an average pore diameter of 5.0mm, and an average diameter of 23mm is prepared to obtain a filler;
第二步：采用厚度为2mm，直径为90mm的不锈钢直角弯管作壳体，将二次泡沫化铝合金填充件在壳体内完成堆积，其堆积密度为95.0％；The second step: use a stainless steel right-angle elbow with a thickness of 2mm and a diameter of 90mm as the shell, and complete the accumulation of the secondary foamed aluminum alloy filling parts in the shell, and the stacking density is 95.0%;
第三步：通过焊接的方法将不锈钢直角弯管内泡沫填充件密封，制成异型能量吸收器。Step 3: Seal the foam filler in the stainless steel right-angle elbow by welding to make a special-shaped energy absorber.
第四步：对异型能量吸收器进行防腐蚀处理。Step 4: Carry out anti-corrosion treatment on the special-shaped energy absorber.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102381368A (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2012-03-21 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Car footrest assembly |
| CN102700488A (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2012-10-03 | 湖南大学 | Buffering energy-absorbing structure |
| CN103217239A (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2013-07-24 | 河南科技大学 | Method for measuring energy absorbed by metal |
| CN104276113A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2015-01-14 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Impact energy absorbing device with controllable crushing process |
| CN108291599A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2018-07-17 | 蒂森克虏伯弹簧与稳定器有限责任公司 | Method for the pipe spring of motor vehicles and for manufacturing pipe spring |
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2007
- 2007-07-17 CN CNU2007200386248U patent/CN201100355Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102381368A (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2012-03-21 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Car footrest assembly |
| CN102700488A (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2012-10-03 | 湖南大学 | Buffering energy-absorbing structure |
| CN102700488B (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2015-04-08 | 湖南大学 | Buffering energy-absorbing structure |
| CN103217239A (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2013-07-24 | 河南科技大学 | Method for measuring energy absorbed by metal |
| CN103217239B (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2015-04-15 | 河南科技大学 | Method for measuring energy absorbed by metal |
| CN104276113A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2015-01-14 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Impact energy absorbing device with controllable crushing process |
| CN108291599A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2018-07-17 | 蒂森克虏伯弹簧与稳定器有限责任公司 | Method for the pipe spring of motor vehicles and for manufacturing pipe spring |
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