CN201107407Y - Spatial Large Aperture Compressed Beam Relay Scanning Imaging Optical System - Google Patents
Spatial Large Aperture Compressed Beam Relay Scanning Imaging Optical System Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
空间大口径压缩光束中继扫描成像光学系统，主要由无焦望远系统、扫描装置以及聚焦系统组成，所述的无焦望远系统由抛物面主反射镜M1、凸双曲面次反射镜M2组成的物镜系统和中继反射镜M3组成，M3的物方焦点与物镜系统的像方焦点重合；无焦望远系统收集地面目标的辐射光束，并对入射光束的口径进行压缩以后再以平行光的形式出射，出射光束经过扫描装置扫描以后进入后面的聚焦成像系统成像。本实用新型适合空间应用的大口径(量级为米)压缩光束扫描成像系统，避免了大口径扫描镜的制备、加工和控制的难题，而且环境适应性强，适合空间应用。
The space large-aperture compressed beam relay scanning imaging optical system is mainly composed of an afocal telescopic system, a scanning device and a focusing system. The afocal telescopic system is composed of an objective lens system composed of a parabolic primary reflector M1 and a convex hyperboloid secondary reflector M2 and Composed of relay mirror M3, the focus of the object space of M3 coincides with the focus of the image space of the objective lens system; the afocal telescopic system collects the radiation beam of the ground target, compresses the aperture of the incident beam, and then emits it in the form of parallel light. After being scanned by the scanning device, it enters the following focusing imaging system for imaging. The utility model is a large-diameter (meter-level) compressed light beam scanning imaging system suitable for space applications, which avoids the problems of preparation, processing and control of large-diameter scanning mirrors, has strong environmental adaptability, and is suitable for space applications.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于空间光学遥感器光学技术领域，涉及一种空间大口径压缩光束多光谱成像光学成像系统。The invention belongs to the optical technology field of space optical remote sensors, and relates to a space large-aperture compressed beam multispectral imaging optical imaging system.
背景技术Background technique
空间红外成像技术作为空间遥感信息获取的一种手段，在空间信息获取方面具有非常重要的价值。常见的应用于空间成像的红外光学系统主要可以分为面阵凝视成像、推扫式成像和短线阵扫描式成像三大类，目前受制于红外焦平面探测器技术和大制冷量制冷技术的制约，国内外应用于空间红外成像的光学系统以短线阵扫描式成像方式居多。As a means of space remote sensing information acquisition, space infrared imaging technology has very important value in space information acquisition. Common infrared optical systems used in space imaging can be divided into three categories: area array staring imaging, push-broom imaging and short line array scanning imaging. Currently, they are limited by infrared focal plane detector technology and large cooling capacity refrigeration technology. , most of the optical systems used in space infrared imaging at home and abroad are short-line array scanning imaging methods.
应用于空间红外成像的扫描式成像系统主要采用物方扫描的形式，这种成像光学系统采用较短的红外线阵探测器，如图1所示，通过在小视场的望远系统前面的光路里加入扫描部件，通过扫描部件进行穿越平台飞行方向的扫描，并借助于平台的运动来获取地物目标的二维图像。The scanning imaging system applied to space infrared imaging mainly adopts the form of object-space scanning. This imaging optical system uses a short infrared line array detector, as shown in Figure 1. The scanning part is added, and the scanning part is used to scan across the flight direction of the platform, and the two-dimensional image of the ground object is obtained by means of the movement of the platform.
但是，随着对较高分辨率的空间红外成像系统的需求不断增加，必然要求空间红外成像光学系统的口径也随之增大。使物方扫描成像系统的扫描部件口径也相应增加。从而带来了大口径扫描部件的加工、制备和控制难题，以及系统整体的研制难度。However, as the demand for higher-resolution space infrared imaging systems continues to increase, the aperture of the space infrared imaging optical system must also increase accordingly. The caliber of the scanning component of the object-space scanning imaging system is also correspondingly increased. This brings difficulties in the processing, preparation and control of large-diameter scanning components, as well as the difficulty in developing the system as a whole.
应用于地面上的前视红外系统(FLIR)通过透射式的光学系统实现小口径(量级为厘米)的光束压缩和大视场的扫描，但是适应性差，对环境的要求高，很难实现大口径光学系统的压缩和扫描，而且透射式的光学系统很难实现多谱段扫描成像，不适应空间应用。The forward-looking infrared system (FLIR) applied on the ground achieves small-aperture (centimeter-scale) beam compression and large-field scanning through a transmissive optical system, but it has poor adaptability and high environmental requirements, making it difficult to realize Compression and scanning of large-aperture optical systems, and transmission optical systems are difficult to achieve multi-spectral scanning imaging, which is not suitable for space applications.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明的技术解决问题是：克服现有技术的不足，提供一种适合空间应用的大口径(量级为米)压缩光束扫描成像系统，从而避免了大口径扫描镜的制备、加工和控制的难题，而且环境适应性强，适合空间应用。The technical solution problem of the present invention is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of large-aperture (magnitude is meter) compressed beam scanning imaging system suitable for space application, thus avoid the preparation, processing and control of large-aperture scanning mirror Difficulties, and strong environmental adaptability, suitable for space applications.
本发明解决的技术问题还包括实现了大口径压缩光束的多谱段扫描成像。The technical problem solved by the invention also includes realizing the multi-spectral scanning imaging of the large-aperture compressed light beam.
本发明的技术解决方案：空间大口径压缩光束中继扫描成像光学系统，其特征在于：它主要由无焦望远系统、扫描装置以及聚焦系统组成，所述的无焦望远系统由主反射镜M1、次反射镜M2组成的物镜系统和中继反射镜M3组成，中继反射镜M3的物方焦点与物镜系统的像方焦点重合；无焦望远系统收集地面目标的辐射光束，并对入射光束的口径进行压缩以后再以平行光的形式出射，出射光束经过扫描装置扫描以后进入后面的聚焦成像系统成像。The technical solution of the present invention: the spatial large-diameter compressed beam relay scanning imaging optical system is characterized in that it is mainly composed of an afocal telescopic system, a scanning device and a focusing system. The afocal telescopic system consists of a primary mirror M1, a secondary The objective lens system composed of mirror M2 and the relay mirror M3 are composed. The object focal point of the relay mirror M3 coincides with the image focal point of the objective lens system; the afocal telescopic system collects the radiation beam of the ground target and performs a After compression, it exits in the form of parallel light, and the outgoing beam is scanned by the scanning device and enters the subsequent focusing imaging system for imaging.
根据谱段的情况，本发明的光学系统还可以设置分色装置，接收扫描装置扫描后的平行光束进行谱段划分，不同谱段的光束进入相应的聚焦系统成像。According to the spectral conditions, the optical system of the present invention can also be provided with a color separation device, which receives and divides the parallel beams scanned by the scanning device into spectral segments, and the beams of different spectral segments enter the corresponding focusing system for imaging.
所述的主反射镜M1为抛物面或椭球面反射镜，所述的次反射镜M2为凸双曲面反射镜。The primary reflector M1 is a parabolic or ellipsoid reflector, and the secondary reflector M2 is a convex hyperboloid reflector.
当所述的无焦望远系统的物镜系统的焦距为f1，中继反射镜M3的焦距为f2，聚焦系统的焦距为f3时，则无焦望远系统的光束压缩比为M＝f1/f2，整个光学系统的焦距f＝M×f3。When the focal length of the objective lens system of the afocal telescopic system is f1 , the focal length of the relay mirror M3 is f2 , and the focal length of the focusing system is f3 , the beam compression ratio of the afocal telescopic system is M= f1 / f 2 , the focal length f=M×f 3 of the entire optical system.
所述的无焦望远系统入瞳设置在主反射镜M1上，所述的扫描装置由平面扫描镜和驱动电机组成，平面扫描镜位于无焦望远系统的出瞳处；此时，所述的平面扫描镜的光学口径为主反射镜M1口径的1/M，其中M为无焦望远系统的光束压缩比。The entrance pupil of the afocal telescopic system is set on the main mirror M1, the scanning device is composed of a plane scanning mirror and a drive motor, and the plane scanning mirror is located at the exit pupil of the afocal telescopic system; at this time, the plane scanning The optical aperture of the mirror is 1/M of the aperture of the main mirror M1, where M is the beam compression ratio of the afocal telescopic system.
本发明与现有技术相比的优点：Advantage of the present invention compared with prior art:
(1)本发明的大口径(量级为米)压缩光束扫描成像系统，通过无焦望远系统收集地面目标的辐射光束，并对入射光束的口径进行压缩以后再以平行光的形式出射，扫描部件的所需的有效通光口径降低为1/M(其中M为无焦望远系统中物镜系统的焦距与中继反射镜的焦距之比)从而避免了大口径扫描镜的制备、加工和控制的难题，而且环境适应性强，适合空间应用。(1) The large-caliber (magnitude is meter) compressed beam scanning imaging system of the present invention collects the radiation beam of the ground target through the afocal telescopic system, compresses the aperture of the incident beam and then emits it in the form of parallel light, and scans the components The required effective light aperture is reduced to 1/M (where M is the ratio of the focal length of the objective lens system in the afocal telescopic system to the focal length of the relay mirror), thus avoiding the problems of preparation, processing and control of large-diameter scanning mirrors , and strong environmental adaptability, suitable for space applications.
(2)本发明的成像系统的分色装置，对接收扫描装置扫描后的平行光束进行谱段划分，实现了多谱段聚焦成像。(2) The color separation device of the imaging system of the present invention divides the parallel light beam scanned by the receiving and scanning device into spectral segments to realize multi-spectral focused imaging.
(3)在同样的物方扫描精度下，本发明对扫描部件的扫描线性度和可重复度的要求仅为物方扫描系统的1/M，降低了扫描系统的技术要求；(3) Under the same object-space scanning accuracy, the present invention requires only 1/M of the object-space scanning system for the scanning linearity and repeatability of the scanning components, which reduces the technical requirements of the scanning system;
(4)与小口径的前视红外系统相比较而言，空间大口径压缩光束中继扫描成像光学系统不仅实现了大口径的压缩光束，避免了大口径红外光学材料的制备和加工难题；而且对环境的适应性强，能应用于空间。(4) Compared with the small-aperture forward-looking infrared system, the spatial large-aperture compressed beam relay scanning imaging optical system not only realizes the large-aperture compressed beam, but also avoids the preparation and processing of large-aperture infrared optical materials; and It has strong adaptability to the environment and can be applied to space.
(5)反射式无焦望远系统对空间温度及其它环境因素影响相对折射式系统而言不敏感，降低了空间红外成像系统对遥感器温控系统的要求；(5) The reflective afocal telescopic system is less sensitive to the influence of space temperature and other environmental factors than the refraction system, which reduces the requirements of the space infrared imaging system for the temperature control system of the remote sensor;
(6)反射式无焦望远系统无色差，而且经无焦望远系统出射的光束为平行光，有利于后续的分光设计，从而可以实现红外多谱段成像；(6) The reflective afocal telephoto system has no chromatic aberration, and the beam emitted by the afocal telephoto system is parallel light, which is beneficial to the subsequent spectroscopic design, so that infrared multispectral imaging can be realized;
(7)本发明既可以应用于空间大口径红外扫描成像系统，通过较短线阵探测器阵列来实现较大视场的成像，也可以用于空间稳像和像移补偿等用途。(7) The present invention can be applied to a large-aperture infrared scanning imaging system in space to realize imaging of a larger field of view through a shorter linear detector array, and can also be used for spatial image stabilization and image motion compensation.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1现有技术物方扫描成像方案示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an object space scanning imaging scheme in the prior art;
图2本发明空间大口径压缩光束中继扫描成像光学系统示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the spatially large-aperture compressed beam relay scanning imaging optical system of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明属于空间光学遥感器光学设计技术领域。空间大口径压缩光束中继扫描成像光学系统，依次由大视场无焦望远系统、中间的摆动扫描部件、分色装置以及后续的聚焦系统四部分组合而成。无焦望远系统的作用就是收集地面目标的辐射光束，并对入射光束的口径进行压缩以后再以平行光的形式出射，出射光束经过放置于无焦望远系统出瞳处的扫描机构扫描以后进入后面的聚焦成像系统成像。扫描部件的光学口径以及扫描线性度约等于图1中物方扫描成像光学系统的1/M，其中M为无焦望远系统的光束压缩比。在空间成像红外光学系统口径相同的情况下，本发明所采用的压缩光束中继扫描成像所需的扫描部件有效口径以及扫描线性度均为物方扫描成像系统的1/M，从而较大幅度的降低空间红外扫描成像光学系统的研制难度；分色装置用于实现谱段的划分，根据实际情况可有可无，当入射光束的谱段较宽，需要进行划分时，就可以设置分色装置实现对扫描以后的平行光束进行谱段划分，并分别进入相应谱段的聚焦系统进行成像。无焦望远系统采用反射式的结构，具有成像谱段宽，材料制备、加工简单、对空间环境适用性较强的特点；无焦望远系统所出射的压缩平行光束，有利于系统成像谱段的扩展。本发明还可以应用于空间成像系统的稳像、以及光学像移补偿等应用领域。The invention belongs to the technical field of optical design of space optical remote sensors. The spatial large-aperture compressed beam relay scanning imaging optical system is composed of four parts: a large field of view afocal telephoto system, a swing scanning component in the middle, a color separation device, and a subsequent focusing system. The function of the afocal telephoto system is to collect the radiation beam of the ground target, compress the aperture of the incident beam, and then emit it in the form of parallel light. Imaging system imaging. The optical aperture and scanning linearity of the scanning components are approximately equal to 1/M of the object-side scanning imaging optical system in Figure 1, where M is the beam compression ratio of the afocal telephoto system. In the case of the same caliber of the infrared optical system for spatial imaging, the effective caliber and scanning linearity of the scanning components required for the compressed beam relay scanning imaging adopted in the present invention are both 1/M of the object-side scanning imaging system, thus a larger Reduce the development difficulty of the spatial infrared scanning imaging optical system; the color separation device is used to realize the division of the spectrum, which is optional according to the actual situation. When the spectrum of the incident beam is wide and needs to be divided, the color separation can be set The device realizes spectral division of the parallel beam after scanning, and respectively enters the focusing system of the corresponding spectral segment for imaging. The afocal telephoto system adopts a reflective structure, which has the characteristics of wide imaging spectrum, simple material preparation and processing, and strong applicability to the space environment; the compressed parallel beam emitted by the afocal telephoto system is conducive to the expansion of the imaging spectrum of the system. The invention can also be applied to image stabilization of space imaging system, optical image motion compensation and other application fields.
如图2所示，M1为抛物面主反射镜，M2为凸双曲面次反射镜，反射镜M1、M2组成物镜系统。反射镜M3的物方焦点与物镜系统的像方焦点F重合，这样，反射镜M3与其前面的物镜系统就构成了一个无焦望远系统；光学系统入瞳设置在主反射镜M1上，由平面扫描镜和驱动电机所组成的线性扫描装置位于无焦望远系统的出瞳处；来之地面景物的不同视场的成像光束入射到无焦望远系统，经过无焦望远系统对光束进行压缩M倍之后，又以平行光束的形式到达扫描镜装置；扫描镜装置的作用是把来之不同视场的压缩光束扫描指向进入后面的分色片(即分色装置)；来之景物的宽谱段成像光束经分色片分成多个子谱段，最后不同子谱段的成像光束进入聚焦成像系统；聚焦成像系统由正光焦度的透镜组利用二次成像原理组成，实现压缩光束的聚焦成像。实现无焦望远系统的出瞳与探测器杜瓦窗口的位置和尺寸的匹配。As shown in Figure 2, M1 is a parabolic primary reflector, M2 is a convex hyperboloid secondary reflector, and reflectors M1 and M2 form an objective lens system. The object focus of the mirror M3 coincides with the image focus F of the objective lens system, so that the mirror M3 and the objective lens system in front of it constitute an afocal telephoto system; the entrance pupil of the optical system is set on the main mirror M1, and is scanned by a plane The linear scanning device composed of the mirror and the driving motor is located at the exit pupil of the afocal telescopic system; the imaging beams of different fields of view from the ground scene are incident on the afocal telescopic system, and after the afocal telescopic system compresses the beam by M times, it is then The form of parallel light beams reaches the scanning mirror device; the function of the scanning mirror device is to scan the compressed light beams from different fields of view and point them to the color separation film (ie, the color separation device); the wide-spectrum imaging beam of the scene is separated The color chip is divided into multiple sub-spectrums, and finally the imaging beams of different sub-spectrums enter the focusing imaging system; the focusing imaging system is composed of a lens group with positive refractive power using the principle of secondary imaging to realize the focused imaging of the compressed beam. Realize the matching between the exit pupil of the afocal telescopic system and the position and size of the Dewar window of the detector.
本发明的成像系统主要包括大口径反射式无焦望远系统、扫描装置、聚焦系统。当入射光束谱段较宽时，还包括分色装置，进行多谱段成像。如果无焦望远系统的前组物镜(由M1和M2组成)焦距为f1，后组物镜(M3)的焦距为f2，聚焦透镜组的焦距为f3；则无焦望远系统的光速压缩比为M＝f1/f2，整个空间大口径压缩光束中继扫描成像系统的焦距由无焦望远系统的光束压缩比和后续的聚焦成像的焦距f3确定，即系统焦距f＝M×f3。The imaging system of the present invention mainly includes a large-diameter reflective afocal telescopic system, a scanning device, and a focusing system. When the incident beam spectrum is wide, a color separation device is also included to perform multispectral imaging. If the focal length of the front objective lens (composed of M1 and M2) of the afocal telescopic system is f 1 , the focal length of the rear objective lens (M3) is f 2 , and the focal length of the focusing lens group is f 3 ; then the light speed compression ratio of the afocal telescopic system is M=f 1 /f 2 , the focal length of the large-aperture compressed beam relay scanning imaging system in the entire space is determined by the beam compression ratio of the afocal telescopic system and the focal length f 3 of the subsequent focused imaging, that is, the system focal length f=M×f 3 .
相对于大口径的空间物方扫描成像系统而言，空间大口径压缩光束中继扫描成像光学系统所要求的扫描部件的有效口径仅为物方扫描系统的1/M，扫描线性度要求也变为同口径物方扫描系统的1/M。从而大大降低了大口径空间红外扫描光学系统的研制难度和周期，同时，经过无焦望远系统压缩的光束为平行光束，有利于系统成像谱段的扩展。Compared with the large-aperture spatial object-space scanning imaging system, the effective aperture of the scanning components required by the spatial large-aperture compressed beam relay scanning imaging optical system is only 1/M of the object-space scanning system, and the scanning linearity requirement also becomes It is 1/M of the object space scanning system with the same caliber. As a result, the development difficulty and period of the large-aperture space infrared scanning optical system are greatly reduced. At the same time, the beam compressed by the afocal telephoto system is a parallel beam, which is beneficial to the expansion of the imaging spectrum of the system.
以设计口径为1m，焦距f为3米的空间红外成像系统而言，如果采用传统的物方扫描方式，扫描镜位于主镜前方且以45度放置，则扫描镜的最小尺寸为1×1.414m()。In terms of a space infrared imaging system with a design aperture of 1m and a focal length f of 3m, if the traditional object-space scanning method is adopted, and the scanning mirror is placed in front of the main mirror at 45 degrees, the minimum size of the scanning mirror is 1×1.414 m ().
采用本方案所提出的大口径压缩光束扫描成像方案，如果工程实现难度可以接受的扫描镜的尺寸为10cm，则可以选取无焦望远系统的光束压缩比为1m/0.1m＝10倍，这样选取聚焦系统的焦距f3为0.3m，则可实现整个系统焦距0.3m×10＝3m的系统要求。光束压缩倍数为10的无焦望远系统的可以分解为：口径1m，焦距f1为6m的物镜系统和焦距f2为0.6m的中继反射镜M3；聚焦为6m的物镜系统可以通过抛物面主反射镜M1的曲率半径为2230mm，凸双曲面次反射镜M2的曲率半径为643mm，两镜间隔857mm来实现，也可以利用两镜系统设计方法，并根据其他约束条件进行其他形式的分解。Using the large-aperture compressed beam scanning imaging scheme proposed in this scheme, if the size of the scanning mirror is 10cm, the beam compression ratio of the afocal telescopic system can be selected as 1m/0.1m=10 times, so that the focusing If the focal length f3 of the system is 0.3m, the system requirement of the focal length of the entire system of 0.3m×10=3m can be realized. The afocal telescopic system with a beam compression factor of 10 can be decomposed into: an objective lens system with an aperture of 1m, a focal length f1 of 6m, and a relay mirror M3 with a focal length f2 of 0.6m; The radius of curvature is 2230mm, the radius of curvature of the convex hyperboloid subreflector M2 is 643mm, and the distance between the two mirrors is 857mm. It is also possible to use the two-mirror system design method and perform other forms of decomposition according to other constraints.
以上所描述的系统只是本发明实施的一种情况，本领域技术人员可以根据不同的要求和设计参数在不偏离本发明的情况下进行各种改进和更换，因此，本发明是广泛的。The system described above is only an implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various improvements and replacements according to different requirements and design parameters without departing from the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is extensive.
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| CN102667571A (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2012-09-12 | 阿尔法影像有限公司 | Compact multispectral scanning system |
| CN103185880A (en) * | 2012-01-03 | 2013-07-03 | 国家空间研究中心 | Method for calibrating alignment errors of an earth observation system making use of symmetrical exposures |
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| CN102667571A (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2012-09-12 | 阿尔法影像有限公司 | Compact multispectral scanning system |
| CN102667571B (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2015-06-17 | 阿尔法影像有限公司 | Compact multispectral scanning system |
| CN103185880A (en) * | 2012-01-03 | 2013-07-03 | 国家空间研究中心 | Method for calibrating alignment errors of an earth observation system making use of symmetrical exposures |
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