CN200953102Y - Universal electronic vehicle voltage regulator - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is a general-purpose electronic vehicle voltage regulator. The vehicle voltage regulator is installed in the housing. The regulator is at least provided with a regulating circuit, and the regulating circuit includes sampling, comparison, amplification and execution links, wherein the sampling link There is a voltage dividing and adjusting circuit, which is composed of four resistors in "two series and two parallel"; the comparison link is equipped with a reference voltage and a polarity-oriented circuit, which includes a voltage regulator diode V _W1 , a resistor R ₇ and a diode V _D1 ; The amplifying link is provided with a bias and amplifying circuit, which includes an amplifier tube V ₁ and resistors R ₆ , R ₇ , and R ₈ ; the execution link is provided with a switch and an input limiting circuit, which includes a switch tube V ₂ and a Zener diode V _W2 , Resistors R ₅ and R ₈ . The utility model can adapt to various starting modes such as load starting and no-load starting, separate excitation starting and self-exciting starting, and has the advantages of simple structure, strong versatility and high cost performance, and is an important and practical accessory for modern large and medium-sized automobiles.

Description

Universal electronic automotive voltage regulator

technical field

The utility model relates to an automobile electrical appliance, in particular to a universal electronic type automobile generator voltage regulator.

Background technique

At present, there are many kinds of voltage regulators for automobile generators, and the versatility is very poor. Almost one type of automobile generator can only be adapted to be equipped with one voltage regulator. Therefore, the automotive electrical industry and the market are eager to have an automotive voltage regulator with strong versatility, simple structure, and high cost performance.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a universal electronic automobile voltage regulator through careful selection of key components and innovative design, so as to realize the versatility of the voltage regulator for medium-sized and large-sized automobile generators.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model to solve the technical problem is: a casing is provided, and an automobile voltage regulating circuit is housed in the casing. The automotive voltage regulator is at least equipped with an adjustment circuit, and the adjustment circuit includes sampling, comparison, amplification and execution links. Among them, the sampling link is equipped with a voltage division and adjustment circuit, which consists of four resistors R ₁ , R _2. Composed of R ₃ and R ₄ ; the comparison link is provided with a reference voltage and a polarity-oriented circuit, which includes a Zener diode VW ₁ , a resistor R ₇ and a diode V _D1 ; the amplification link is provided with a bias and amplifying circuit, which includes an amplifying Tube V ₁ and resistors R ₆ , R ₇ , R ₈ ; the execution link is provided with a switch and an input limiting circuit, which includes a switch tube V ₂ , a Zener diode V _W2 , resistors R ₅ and R ₈ . Among them: the input terminal of the sampling link is _R1 and _R3 and the positive power supply terminal of the regulator, and its output terminal is the terminal where the four resistors _R1 , _R2 , _R3 and _R4 are connected at the same point. Moreover, this terminal is connected to the input terminal of the comparison link, that is, the anode of V _D1 , and the output terminal of the comparison link, that is, the anode of V _W1 is connected to the input terminal of the amplification link, that is, the base bias resistor _R6 of _V1 , that is, the same One end of _R7 is connected, and the other end of R6 is connected with the base of _V1 . The output end of the amplification link, that is, the collector of _V1 , is connected with the input end of the execution link, that is, the gate of the switching tube _V2 through the resistor _R5 , and the execution The output end of the link, that is, the drain of V ₂ is connected to one end of the excitation winding L _f of the generator; in addition, the other ends of the three resistors R ₂ and R ₄ and R ₇ are all grounded; the emitter of V ₁ and V ₂ The source of V W2 and the anode of V _W2 are both grounded; in addition, capacitor C ₁ is connected in parallel with R ₄ and the negative pole of C ₁ is grounded; the positive pole of C ₂ is connected with the base of V ₁ , and the negative pole of C ₂ is grounded.

The basic working principle of the utility model is: when the working voltage of the generator is higher than the rated voltage, the sampling signal voltage (that is, the voltage at both ends of _R2 and _R4 ) rises, and the voltage regulator tube V _W1 conducts in reverse, causing _V1 to conduct On, _V2 cuts off, turns off the excitation current of the generator, and adjusts the generator voltage drop; and vice versa, that is, when the working voltage of the generator is lower than the rated voltage, _V2 is saturated and turned on, and the generator voltage rises and is adjusted... The above adjustment can make the fluctuation rate of the rated working voltage of the generator very small (less than three thousandths).

The utility model has the following advantages:

One. This regulator mainly includes links such as sampling, comparison, amplification, execution and protection. Among them, the sampling link has an identification accuracy of 3/1000 for the sampled signal—the generator terminal voltage variation ΔU, which is much higher than the highest accuracy of similar products on the market; the execution link uses high-quality field effect transistors as non-contact The switch can not only quickly and accurately switch on and off the excitation coil current of the automobile generator in real time, and automatically adjust the terminal voltage of the automobile generator, but also has low energy consumption and little impact on the pre-stage; the protection link uses transient high-efficiency energy discharge to stabilize The combination of voltage diodes and capacitors can fully and timely absorb the instantaneous high voltage and high energy during load dumping, thereby protecting the voltage regulator itself and all electrical equipment on the car.

Second, the design is pioneering and innovative, which not only realizes the versatility of operation between large-scale automobile generators and medium-sized automobile generators, but also adapts to various starting work methods. Its main features are: strong versatility, Simple structure, high performance-price ratio, adaptable to start-up under load and no-load, start-up with battery (battery) and without battery (battery), separately-excited start-up and self-excited start-up, etc. ～180A, rated voltage of 24V is matched with various automobile generators, safe and reliable operation.

Three. Realized three "combining two into one", namely: "combining two into one" voltage regulators used in medium-sized automobile generators and large-scale automobile generators; The two generators are "combined into one" (some large passenger cars are equipped with two generators, some of which work in separate excitation mode); the voltage regulator used by the generator working with the battery and the generator without the battery In short, the regulator of the utility model replaces the original six types of automotive voltage regulators.

Its 4. structure is simple, cost performance is high, is important and practical modern automobile electric appliance, and market prospect is good.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing is the principle circuit diagram of the utility model.

Detailed ways

The housing of the utility model is equipped with an automobile voltage regulating circuit suitable for medium-sized and large-sized automobile generator voltage regulators.

The principle circuit of the automobile voltage regulator of the utility model is as shown in the accompanying drawings: at least an adjustment circuit is provided, and the adjustment circuit includes sampling, comparison, amplification and execution links, wherein the sampling link is provided with a voltage dividing and adjustment circuit, which consists of "two Composed of 4 resistors R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ and R ₄ in series and two in parallel; the comparison link is equipped with a reference voltage and a polarity-guided circuit, which includes a Zener diode V _W1 , a resistor R ₇ and a diode V _D1 ; The link is equipped with a bias and amplifying circuit, which includes an amplifier tube V ₁ and resistors R ₆ , R ₇ , R ₈ ; the execution link is equipped with a switch and an input limiter circuit, which includes a switch tube V ₂ , a Zener diode V _W2 , Resistors _R5 and _R8 .

The utility model automotive voltage regulator can also have a protection link, as shown in the accompanying drawings, which at least includes:

1. The overvoltage protection link used for load dumping, which includes electrolytic capacitors C ₃ and C ₄ , resistors R ₉ and R ₁₀ , diodes V _D3 and V _D4 ; the positive poles of V _D3 and V _D4 and the negative poles of C ₃ and C ₄ Negative poles share the ground, the negative pole of V _D3 and the positive pole of C ₃ are connected to the negative pole of the Zener diode V _W3 through R ₉ , the positive pole of C ₄ and the negative pole of V _D4 are connected to the negative pole of the diode V _D2 through R ₁₀ . R ₉ , V _D3 and C ₃ absorb and discharge the high voltage and high energy generated by the load dump at both ends of the main power supply; R ₁₀ , V _D4 and C ₄ absorb and discharge the high voltage and high energy generated by the load dump at the two ends of the auxiliary power supply; among them, V _D3 and V _D4 is a transient high-efficiency energy-discharging Zener diode.

2. It is used for overvoltage protection in general working conditions, which includes Zener diode V _W3 , resistor R ₁₁ and micro relay KA; the positive pole of V _W3 is grounded through R ₁₁ and KA respectively. V _W3 , R ₁₁ and KA are the overvoltage protection facilities under normal working conditions. Once the overvoltage occurs at both ends of the main power supply for some reason, the two normally closed contacts of the micro relay KA immediately cut off the power at both ends of the excitation winding of the generator. Therefore, the voltage at the generator terminal drops sharply. Since both ends of the generator excitation winding are disconnected at the same time, not only the excitation current of the generator is immediately zero, so as to quickly eliminate the overvoltage, but also prevent the damage caused by the overvoltage induced by the excitation winding itself. .

3. It is used for the protection link of the induced overvoltage when the excitation winding of the generator is switched off. It is composed of a diode V _D2 connected across the two ends of the excitation winding L _f , and the positive pole of V _D2 is connected to the field effect transistor V ₂ of the execution link. connected to the drain.

The utility model automotive voltage regulator can also have a protection link for preventing disturbance of the reference voltage, as shown in the accompanying drawings: it includes electrolytic capacitor C ₁ , resistors R ₁ and R ₃ ; R ₁ and R ₃ are connected in parallel, and one end is connected to a diode The positive pole of V _D1 is grounded through C ₁ , and the other end is connected with the negative pole of Zener diode V _W3 .

The automotive voltage regulator of the utility model can also have a protection link for preventing the input signal from disturbing the amplification link, which includes a capacitor _C2 , resistors _R6 and _R7 , and the connection point of _R6 and _R7 is connected to the positive pole of the voltage stabilizing diode _VW1 , The other end of R ₆ is connected to the base of the amplifier tube V ₁ , and is grounded through C ₂ , and the other end of R ₇ is grounded.

The circuit connection of the sampling link of the utility model can be as shown in the accompanying drawings: R ₁ and R ₃ are connected in parallel and one end thereof is connected to the negative pole of the Zener diode V _W3 , R ₂ and R ₄ are connected in parallel and one end thereof is grounded, and their other end is a resistor R ₁ , the connection point of R ₂ , R ₃ and R ₄ , the connection point is connected to the positive pole of diode V _D1 . The reason why this circuit is formed by connecting four resistors in "two series and two in parallel" is that the two kilohm-level resistors (R ₁ and R ₂ ) are convenient for fine adjustment, and the two ohm-level resistors (R ₃ and R ₄ ) are convenient for coarse adjustment. The sampling link will take the main power supply voltage change signal at any time and send it to the comparison link for comparison to determine the working state of the amplifier tube _V1 in the amplification link, thereby determining the working state of the switching tube _V2 in the execution link, and controlling the excitation winding of the generator The on-off of the current adjusts the magnetic potential of the generator, and finally achieves the purpose of adjusting the terminal voltage of the generator.

The circuit connection of the comparison link of the utility model can be as shown in the accompanying drawings: the positive pole of the voltage stabilizing diode V _W1 is grounded through the resistor R ₇ , and its negative pole is connected to the negative pole of the diode V _D1 . V _D1 is used to determine the polarity of the reference voltage, and also has the function of temperature compensation for the reference voltage.

The circuit connection relationship of _the amplifying link of the utility model can be shown in the accompanying drawings: the base of the amplifying tube _V1 is connected to the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode _VW1 and one end of the resistor _R7 through the resistor _R6 , and the other end of _R6 is connected to _R7 through the capacitor C2 The other end is connected to the emitter of V ₁ , and the collector of V ₁ is connected to the cathode of diode V _D2 through resistor R ₈ ; the emitter of V ₁ is grounded. The Zener diode V _W2 connected to the output terminal of the amplification link (that is, the input terminal of the execution link) is used to limit the gate DC voltage of the field effect transistor V ₂ of the execution link (when the amplifier tube V ₁ is cut off).

The circuit connection relationship of the execution link of the utility model can be as shown in the accompanying drawings: the gate of the switching tube _{V2 is connected to the collector of the amplifier tube V1 and the negative pole of the voltage regulator diode VW2 through the} resistor R5, and the collector _{of V1} is connected to the negative pole of the voltage regulator diode _VW2 through the resistor R8. One end of field winding L _f .

The utility model also includes 5 lead wires, that is, a red lead wire (see lead 1 in the accompanying drawing); a green lead out (see lead 2 in the accompanying drawing); two yellow lead leads 3 and 4); a black lead-out wire (see lead 5 in the attached drawing). The functions of these five lead wires are as follows: the red lead wire is the main power wire of the utility model circuit, that is, the positive terminal connection of the power supply; the green lead wire is the auxiliary power wire, that is, the power wire of the excitation winding of the generator; the two yellow lead wires are The wire is the extension wire at both ends of the excitation winding of the generator; the black lead wire is the ground wire, that is, the negative terminal connection of the power supply of the utility model.

Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present utility model, rather than to limit them.

Claims (7)

1. universal electronic formula voltage regulator for automobile, be provided with housing, voltage regulator for automobile is housed in the housing, it is characterized in that: voltage regulator for automobile is provided with regulating circuit at least, regulating circuit comprises sampling, comparison, amplifies and carries out link, wherein, sampling element is provided with dividing potential drop and adjusts circuit, and it is by 4 resistance R of " two strings two also " ₁, R ₂, R ₃And R ₄Form; Comparing element is provided with reference voltage and polarity guiding circuit, and it comprises voltage stabilizing diode V _W1, resistance R ₇With diode V _D1Amplifying element is provided with biasing and amplifying circuit, and it comprises amplifier tube V ₁And resistance R ₆, R ₇, R ₈Carry out link and be provided with switch and input saturation circuit, it comprises switching tube V ₂, voltage stabilizing diode V _W2, resistance R ₅And R ₈,

The annexation of respectively forming between the link of above-mentioned regulator is: the input end of sampling element is R ₁And R ₃With the positive source link of this regulator, its output terminal is exactly R ₁, R ₂, R ₃And R ₄These 4 resistance are connected this end of same point, and this end is V with the input end that compares link _D1Anode join, the output terminal of comparing element is V _W1Anode be V with the input end of amplifying element ₁Base biasing resistor R ₆One end links to each other, that is same R ₇An end link to each other R ₆The same V of the other end ₁Base stage link to each other, the output terminal of amplifying element is V ₁Collector through resistance R ₅, be switching tube V with the input end of carrying out link ₂Grid connect, the output terminal of carrying out link is V ₂Drain electrode with the field copper L of generator _fAn end connect; In addition, R ₂And R ₄And R ₇The equal ground connection of the other end of these three resistance; V ₁Emitter-base bandgap grading and V ₂Source electrode and V _W2The equal ground connection of anode; In addition, capacitor C ₁With R ₄Parallel connection and C ₁Minus earth; C ₂Anodal same V ₁Base stage link to each other C ₂Minus earth.

2. universal electronic formula voltage regulator for automobile as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that voltage regulator for automobile also is provided with the protection link, and it comprises at least:

Overvoltage protection link when being used to get rid of load, it comprises electrochemical capacitor C ₃And C ₄, resistance R ₉And R ₁₀, diode V _D3And V _D4V _D3And V _D4Positive pole and C ₃Negative pole and C ₄Negative pole altogether, V _D3Negative pole and C ₃Anodal through R ₉With voltage stabilizing diode V _W3Negative pole links to each other, C ₄Positive pole and V _D4Negative pole is through R ₁₀With diode V _D2Negative pole links to each other,

Overvoltage protection link when being used for general operating mode, it comprises voltage stabilizing diode V _W3, resistance R ₁₁With midget relay KA; V _W3Anodal through R ₁₁Ground connection,

Be used for the superpotential protection link of inducting when the generator excitation winding cut-offs, its by cross-over connection in field copper L _fThe diode V at two ends _D2Form, and V _D2Positive pole and the field effect transistor V that carries out link ₂Drain electrode link to each other.

3. universal electronic formula voltage regulator for automobile as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that also being provided with the protection link that is used to prevent the disturbance reference voltage, and it comprises electrochemical capacitor C ₁, resistance R ₁And R ₃R ₁And R ₃Parallel connection, one terminating diode V _D1Positive pole, and through C ₁Ground connection, another termination voltage stabilizing diode V _W3Negative pole.

4. universal electronic formula voltage regulator for automobile as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that also being provided with the protection link that is used to prevent disturbance amplifying element input signal, and it comprises capacitor C ₂, resistance R ₆And R ₇, R ₆And R ₇Tie point and voltage stabilizing diode V _W1Anodal continuous, R ₆Another termination amplifier tube T ₁Base stage, and through C ₂Ground connection, R ₇Also ground connection of the other end.

5. universal electronic formula voltage regulator for automobile as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the circuit connecting relation of comparing element is: voltage stabilizing diode V _W1Positive pole through resistance R ₇Ground connection, its negative pole meets diode V _D1Negative pole.

6. universal electronic formula voltage regulator for automobile as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the circuit connecting relation of amplifying element is: amplifier tube V ₁Base stage is through resistance R ₆Meet voltage stabilizing diode V _W1Positive pole and resistance R ₇One end, R ₆The other end through capacitor C ₂Meet R ₇The other end and V ₁Emitter, V ₁Collector is through resistance R ₈Meet diode V _D2Negative pole, V ₁Grounded emitter.

7. universal electronic formula voltage regulator for automobile as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the circuit connecting relation of carrying out link is: switching tube V ₂Grid is through resistance R ₅Meet amplifier tube V ₁Collector and voltage stabilizing diode V _W2Negative pole, V ₁Collector is through resistance R ₈Connect an end of automobile current generator field copper.

Images