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CN206626824U - 太阳能聚光器 - Google Patents

太阳能聚光器 Download PDF

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CN206626824U
CN206626824U CN201590000381.1U CN201590000381U CN206626824U CN 206626824 U CN206626824 U CN 206626824U CN 201590000381 U CN201590000381 U CN 201590000381U CN 206626824 U CN206626824 U CN 206626824U
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大卫·E·M·霍维茨
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/77—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with flat reflective plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

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Abstract

本实用新型涉及一种太阳能聚光器(CSP)，所述太阳能聚光器由一系列的在北‑南方向上定向的长的平面镜(菲涅耳型镜)构成，每个镜子具有单一的东‑西向旋转轴线，追踪太阳的高度。所述太阳能聚光器允许有效集中太阳辐射，并且具有一组平面镜(1)，平面镜具有东‑西向旋转轴线，平面镜互相协作并跟随太阳的仰角，以便将辐射反射到北方(位于南半球)反射到东‑西向水平轴线上的升高的、狭窄的且拉长的区域(2)，在所述区域中放置有吸收器，或者辐射在所述区域中进一步集中。所述镜子一起将一天中的光朝向单个抛物柱面镜反射，所述抛物柱面镜将太阳辐射集中到靠近抛物线的焦线的一小片区域中，在所述区域中放置有加热流体和/或发电的吸收器。

Description

太阳能聚光器
技术领域
本实用新型由太阳能聚光器(CSP)构成，所述太阳能聚光器由一组在北-南方向上定向的长的平面镜(类似菲涅耳镜(Fresnel))构成，每个平面镜仅具有一条东-西向旋转轴线，跟随太阳的高度，共同将一天中的光反射到一个抛物面槽式镜(parabolic troughmirror)上，所述抛物面槽式镜将太阳辐射集中到抛物线焦线周围的一小片区域中，在所述区域中放置有加热流体的吸收器。
背景技术
已经开发出具有平面镜的CSP，所述平面镜放置成圆形剧场状并聚焦到中央塔上，其中对于每个镜子来说需要在两条轴线上的追踪系统，然而本实用新型仅需要在一条轴线上追踪。
也存在具有类似菲涅尔镜的平面镜的CSP，其中这些平面镜仅具有一条旋转轴线以跟随太阳，但是利用南-北向的旋转轴线。由于太阳在冬季或中间季节的倾角较低，反射光也会落到抛物面槽式镜上，但是在比本实用新型长得多的距离上(以及小得多的入射角度上)实现的，因此对于该组镜子来说需要高得多的精度。在这些情况下，该组镜子需要旋转的追踪角度也比本实用新型中的大，尤其是在相应的辐射最大的几个小时内。
实用新型内容
本实用新型要解决的技术问题在于提供一种太阳能聚光器。
为此，本实用新型提供了一种太阳能聚光器，其允许有效集中太阳辐射，其特征在于，具有一组平面镜，所述平面镜具有东-西向旋转轴线，所述平面镜互相协作并跟随太阳的仰角，以便将辐射反射到北方(位于南半球)反射到东-西向水平轴线上的升高的、狭窄的且拉长的区域，在所述区域中放置有吸收器，或者辐射在所述区域中进一步集中。
所述区域为抛物面槽式镜，所述抛物面槽式镜将太阳辐射进一步集中到在抛物线的轴线周围并且以其焦点为中心的椭圆带内，所述吸收器放置于所述椭圆带，对此从最远的平面镜(A)和最近的平面镜(B)反射到抛物面槽的焦线上光束之间的角度不超过30°。
所述平面镜的轴线具有齿轮以及由发动机移动的水平齿轮横杆，从而使得，如本实用新型所提供的镜子的几何构造所需要的，当太阳高度改变了Δα时，所述水平齿轮横杆将所有的镜子旋转相同的角度Δγ＝Δα/2。
所述聚光器具有作为辐射吸收器的两个平行带的光伏板，所述两个平行带的光伏板以抛物面槽的焦线为中心，具有将每个指向入射辐射的对立的面，并且从其背部附接到具有流体的所述管或管道中，所述管或管道吸收并扩散产生于发电面板上的热量。
附图说明
为了更好地理解本实用新型，将会根据实施例来描述本实用新型，所述实施例示出在附图中，所述附图仅具有说明性，而不限制本实用新型的目的、或其尺寸、所示出的元件的数量或支撑方式。
图1是多排平面镜(1)的侧视图，所述平面镜反射从30°倾角照射来的太阳光，所述平面镜成角度地放置以使得将光反射到具有放置于塔上的抛物面槽(parabolic trough)的区域上。这种辐射在抛物线的轴线周围的区域(3)集中并被吸收，待加热的液体在所述区域内流通。
图2是系统的另一个侧视图，但现在太阳处于90°的倾角。平面镜相对于图1中的已经被旋转，每个旋转一角度使得太阳反射连续照在次极抛物面槽式镜上。
图3是多排平面镜(1)的俯视图，每个平面镜都处于适当的角度，以使得光的反射照在抛物面槽式镜(2)上(用于地球的南半球)。当太阳从东方移动到西方，光以各种侧向角度反射，但总是平行地照在次极抛物面槽式镜上，以便随后集中到吸收器上。
图4是次极抛物面槽式镜的更详细的横截面视图，示出了来自两个平面镜(A离塔最远，B离塔最近)的辐射、以及吸收辐射能并尽可能地防止热散失的管或面板的可能的分布。
图5是平面镜的横截面视图，利用这幅图很容易证明，当太阳高度变化Δα时，所有这些镜子移动了相同角度Δγ＝-Δα/2，因此对于所有的镜子仅需要一个共用的追踪系统。
具体实施方式
平面镜(1)安装在框架上，所述框架能够利用控制系统在一条轴线上旋转，以便总是将光反射到东-西方向上的长带(2)上，在其中放置有安装在塔上的次极抛物面槽式镜，如图1及图2中可以看出的。假设所有这些排镜子将光反射到从次级镜的抛物线看约30°的角度内，已示出成像应集中在一狭窄区域上，所述狭窄区域包含于在抛物线轴线上的椭圆中(见日期为2009年2月2日的智利专利申请272-2009，以包围吸收器的区域)，如图4所示。如果早晨或午后的光线以相对于平面镜的一侧向角度到达，反射会仅平行地发生在沿抛物面槽更远的点上，如图3中看出的，但位于围绕该聚光镜的抛物线焦点的相同的椭圆区域内。
吸收器(3)安装在该椭圆带内，所述吸收器有具有良好的太阳辐射吸收性能和低散热的管或管道组成。管包含有液体或气体，一旦温差适当所述液体或气体就会被泵入储备库，并且利用热交换器使储备库中的热能持续增加。
具有这种几何结构的平面镜在白天和全年内保持将光聚焦到抛物面槽上，而仅需一个对所有镜子来说共有的追踪系统，虽然对于给定的太阳高度，图5中的初始角度γi由于到塔的距离增加(造成β不同)因而是不同的，但每个镜子的旋转改变相同的角度：
Δγ＝:γf-γi＝(90°-(β+αf)/2)-(90°-(β+αi)/2)＝(-αf+αi)/2＝:-Δα/2
例如，在图1和图2(其中太阳分别来自30°和90°角)之间的平面镜的旋转，对于每个平面镜是Δγ＝30°。
一个可行的追踪太阳的系统仅这样构成：在每个平面镜的轴线上固定上齿轮，并且在所有这些齿轮上方，具有足够长度的水平齿形横杆利用由单一计算机控制系统导向的精密发动机和/或利用获得太阳位置的传感器将所有镜子旋转相同的量。
利用这种简单的平面镜系统所达到的太阳能集中是仅利用抛物面槽可直接得到的直接辐射的多倍，这个量实质上取决于塔的高度，所述塔的高度决定了可以被在前面提到的从塔开始的30°范围内的镜子所覆盖的地域的量。
在理论上这是真实的，虽然为了将光束聚焦在次级镜上，镜子的精度和追踪系统足够优良。(为了不损失辐射，可以设计次级镜比来自平面镜的原始光束略宽。)
在沿着抛物面槽式镜的焦线的狭窄椭圆带(3)内，被该镜和这组平光镜反射的光得到集中。在这片区域中安装有吸收器，所述吸收器由一系列具有选择性涂层的管或真空管组成，以便吸收最大量的太阳辐射以及防止热能以红外线形式散失。水、油或气体可以在这些管中流通，所述水、油或气体被输送至具有热交换器的储蓄库中。可选地，可以将其他类型的吸收器或空腔置于高太阳辐射的带中。
这个热量(thermal heat)可用于加热大量的水，和/或用于发电(例如，利用蒸汽涡轮机或利用斯特林机)，和/或用于生产蒸馏水(例如，从海水中)。

Claims (4)

1.一种太阳能聚光器，其允许有效集中太阳辐射，其特征在于，具有一组平面镜(1)，所述平面镜具有东-西向旋转轴线，所述平面镜互相协作并跟随太阳的仰角，以便在位于南半球时将辐射反射到北方反射到东-西向水平轴线上的升高的、狭窄的且拉长的区域(2)，在所述区域中放置有吸收器，或者辐射在所述区域中进一步集中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚光器，其特征在于，所述区域(2)为抛物面槽式镜，所述抛物面槽式镜将太阳辐射进一步集中到在抛物线的轴线周围并且以其焦点为中心的椭圆带内，所述吸收器放置于所述椭圆带，对此从最远的平面镜(A)和最近的平面镜(B)反射到抛物面槽的焦线上光束之间度不超过30°。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚光器，其特征在于，所述平面镜的轴线具有齿轮以及由发动机移动的水平齿轮横杆，从而使得，如所述平面镜的几何构造所需要的，当太阳高度改变了Δα时，所述水平齿轮横杆将所有的镜子旋转相同的角度Δγ＝Δα/2。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚光器，其特征在于，具有作为辐射吸收器的两个平行带的光伏板，所述两个平行带的光伏板以抛物面槽的焦线为中心，具有将每个指向入射辐射的对立的面，并且从其背部附接到具有流体的管或管道中，所述管或管道吸收并扩散产生于发电面板上的热量。
CN201590000381.1U 2014-03-21 2015-03-19 太阳能聚光器 Expired - Fee Related CN206626824U (zh)

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PCT/CL2015/000015 WO2015139152A1 (es) 2014-03-21 2015-03-19 Concentrador solar con espejos planos orientados de norte-sur y espejo secundario cilindro-parabólico con absorbedor centrado

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US20170099026A1 (en) 2017-04-06
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