CN206003971U - Wave-packet shaping network and its input structure, three beam antennas - Google Patents

Abstract

This utility model provides a kind of Wave-packet shaping network, including：First directional coupler, the second directional coupler, the 3rd directional coupler, the first power splitter and at least one phase shifter, the outfan of described first directional coupler is connected with the input of the second directional coupler and the 3rd directional coupler respectively, the outfan of described first power splitter is connected with the input of the second directional coupler and the 3rd directional coupler respectively, and the described phase shifter, at least one was connected on the second directional coupler and/or an outfan of the 3rd directional coupler；The signal of telecommunication inputs via the first directional coupler and the first power splitter respectively, and is exported by the outfan of the second directional coupler and the 3rd directional coupler respectively.This matrixing network has the characteristics that excellent performance, structure are simple, size is little and concordance is good.Additionally, further relating to the input output method of a kind of three beam antennas, the input structure of this Wave-packet shaping network and this Wave-packet shaping network.

Description

Beamforming network and its input structure, three-beam antenna

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a beamforming network and its input structure, and a three-beam antenna.

Background technique

At present, technology in the field of mobile communication is developing rapidly, and user traffic continues to blow out. A large number of data services put forward higher requirements for mobile communication capacity. Usually, a mobile communication base station antenna uses a wider beam to cover a sector. When the number of users in the sector increases, problems such as enhanced signal interference and insufficient capacity coverage will be brought about.

The multi-beam antenna can be understood as "split" a wider beam into multiple narrower beams, which provides a reliable solution for system capacity expansion at the antenna feeder end. Using Butler matrix to form multiple beams is one of the main means of multi-beam antenna design.

Patent CN201210080959.1 is a dual-polarization three-beam antenna for mobile communication base stations, which discloses a three-beam antenna. The phase difference of -120°, 0° phase difference and +120° phase difference formed by this patent can respectively On the antenna, the direction of the azimuth angle of the first beam is shifted to the left by -40°, the direction of the azimuth angle of the second beam is 0°, and the direction of the azimuth angle of the third beam is 0°. For azimuth angles of -40°, 0°, +40° to be formed. In addition to changing the phase difference, it is also possible to optimize the array spacing in the antenna. By varying their spacing, it is also possible to vary the formation of the antenna azimuth. However, due to the large azimuth angle offset of the beam formed by the antenna, the horizontal plane sidelobe suppression cannot meet the existing requirements due to the large size of the antenna, and its overall structural design is relatively complicated and the cost is high.

Patent CN201310294694.X, a 3×3 Butler matrix and a 5×6 Butler matrix, discloses a 3×3 Butler matrix, including a first directional coupler, a second directional coupler, a third directional coupler, a first phase shifter device, a second phase shifter and a third phase shifter. An important characteristic of the 3dB directional coupler is that the straight-through port and the coupling port can form a phase difference of 90°, while the 120° phase difference formed by the 3×3 Butler matrix described in this patent is through power synthesis. Therefore, the output powers of the first output port OUT1, the second output port OUT2, and the third output port OUT3 mentioned in this patent must be equal, and this power distribution is unreasonable for the radiation pattern of the antenna. First, the output powers of the first output port OUT1, the second output port OUT2, and the third output port OUT3 are equal, which will cause the beam azimuth angle of the first beam of the radiation pattern of the first input port in1 to shift by -40 °, therefore, the horizontal plane sidelobe suppression of the first beam cannot be suppressed, which will affect the radiation pattern of the second input port in2 (ie, the second beam) and the radiation pattern of the third input port in3 (ie, the third beam) main beamforming interference. Secondly, due to the increase of the phase difference, the loss of the antenna will increase.

Therefore, the existing Butler matrix is complex in design and large in size, and the production consistency deviation needs to be improved urgently.

Contents of the invention

The primary purpose of the utility model is to provide a beamforming network with simple structure, smaller size, stable performance and better consistency.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a three-beam antenna using the above-mentioned beamforming network.

Another object of the present utility model is to provide an input structure of the above-mentioned beamforming network.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

A beamforming network, characterized in that it includes: a first directional coupler, a second directional coupler, a third directional coupler, a first power splitter and at least one phase shifter, the first directional coupler The output end of the device is respectively connected to the input end of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler, and the output end of the first power splitter is connected to the input end of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler respectively; The electrical signals are respectively input through the first directional coupler and the first power divider, and are respectively output from the output ends of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler and/or output into the phase shifter, the At least one of the phase shifters is connected to an output end of the second directional coupler and/or the third directional coupler.

Preferably, each directional coupler has first and second input terminals and first and second output terminals; the first output terminal of the first directional coupler and the first input terminal of the second directional coupler connected, the second output of the first directional coupler is connected to the second input of the third directional coupler; the two output ports of the first power divider are connected to the second input of the second directional coupler, The first input ends of the third directional coupler are connected in one-to-one correspondence, and the second output end of the second directional coupler and the first output end of the third directional coupler are each connected to one phase shifter.

Further, a plurality of second power dividers connected to the output terminal of the phase shifter and/or the first output terminal of the second directional coupler and the second output terminal of the third directional coupler are further included.

Preferably, each of the directional couplers is a directional coupler with a 90° phase difference between two output terminals.

Preferably, the first directional coupler is a directional coupler with 3dB equal power distribution, and the second and third directional couplers are directional couplers with unequal power distribution.

Preferably, each phase shifter introduces a phase delay of 90°.

A three-beam antenna, comprising a reflector, an antenna array arranged on the reflector, a power division phase-shift feed network for feeding the antenna array, and a power-division phase-shift feed network whose output end is connected to the input end of the power division phase-shift feed network The beamforming network, the antenna array includes a plurality of sub-arrays, and each sub-array includes a plurality of radiation elements; the number of the power division phase-shift feeding network is consistent with the number of columns of the sub-array, and each power division phase-shift feed The networks each have an input port and multiple output ports; the beamforming network is the aforementioned beamforming network, the number of output ports of the beamforming network is consistent with the number of subarrays of the antenna array, and the multiple output ports of the beamforming network The input ends of a plurality of power division phase-shift feeding networks are connected in one-to-one correspondence, and the plurality of output ends of each power division phase-shift feed network are connected in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of radiation units of a sub-array.

Preferably, each of the radiating units is a dual-polarized radiating unit, and the number of the beamforming networks is at least two, and the two beamforming networks are respectively used for two different polarizations, and each power division shifts The input terminals of the phase feed network are connected to a corresponding output terminal of each of the two beamforming networks.

Preferably, the distance between two adjacent subarrays is selected from 0.5 to 1.2 times the wavelength of the central frequency point of the working frequency band, and the distance between two adjacent radiation units in the same subarray is selected from 0.7 to 1.3 times the wavelength of the central frequency point of the working frequency band .

Preferably, two adjacent sub-arrays are arranged in offsets with each other, and the offset distance is 0.5 times the interval between two adjacent radiation units in the same sub-array.

An input and output method of a beamforming network, comprising the following steps: performing coupling and phase modulation processing on the first input electrical signal, and outputting four forward output signals; coupling and modulation on the second input electrical signal Phase processing, and output four-way reverse output signals; divide the input third-way electrical signal into two output equal shunt electrical signals, and couple the shunt electrical signals, and output four-way phase into zero tolerance The signals of the arithmetic sequence; the four forward output signals are in one-to-one correspondence with the four reverse output signals, and the signals corresponding to each other have equal phase differences.

The coupling and phase modulation processing includes coupling processing and phase shift processing, the coupling processing couples the input electrical signal into four signals, and the phase shift processing performs phase shift on at least one signal and outputs it.

The coupling process includes a first coupling process and a second coupling process, the first coupling process couples the input electrical signal into two coupled signals with equal power distribution, and the second coupling process performs coupling processing on the two coupled signals respectively , and output four signals.

An input structure of a beamforming network, comprising: at least two coupling input terminals and at least one equal-power division input terminal; the two coupling input terminals include a first channel configured to input two signals to the beamforming network An input port and a second input port, so that the two-way signals respectively form the first and second beams with phase difference under the equal power distribution coupling of the beamforming network; the equal power division input end is configured as It is used to input a third signal to the beamforming network, so that the third signal forms a third beam of equal phase under the equal power distribution and coupling of the beamforming network.

Compared with the prior art, the solution of the utility model has the following advantages:

The beamforming network of the utility model constructs a beamforming network with three inputs and multiple outputs (at least four output ports) through the mutual cooperation of three directional couplers, two phase shifters and a power splitter, so that the radio frequency When signals are input through different input ports, different phase configurations are formed at four different output ports, resulting in three different beam points. The beam forming network of the utility model has the characteristics of excellent performance, simple structure, small volume and good consistency.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and will become apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Description of drawings

The above-mentioned and/or additional aspects and advantages of the utility model will become apparent and easy to understand from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a 3×4 beamforming network of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the internal structural diagram of the beamforming network of 3 * 4 shown in Fig. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3×5 beamforming network of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the installation of the antenna array and reflector of the three-beam antenna of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the power division phase-shift feeding network of the three-beam antenna of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the three-beam antenna of the present invention, showing the connection relationship between the beamforming network, the power division phase-shifting feeding network and the antenna array;

Fig. 7 is a directional diagram of an antenna adopting the beamforming network of the present invention.

detailed description

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be construed as limiting the present invention.

1 to 3 collectively show the beamforming network of the present invention, which is used to form different phase configurations at different output ports when RF signals are input from different ports, thereby forming multiple different beam directions.

Taking a 3×N Butler matrix network with three inputs and multiple outputs (hereinafter referred to as “Butler matrix network”) as an example, the composition and principle of the beamforming network of the present invention will be described below.

The Butler matrix network includes a first directional coupler, a second directional coupler, a third directional coupler, a first power divider and at least one phase shifter, and the output terminals of the first directional coupler are respectively connected to The input ends of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler are connected, the output ends of the first power divider are respectively connected with the input ends of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler, and the phase shifter is at least One is connected to an output of the second directional coupler and/or the third directional coupler. The electrical signals are respectively input through the first directional coupler and the first power divider, and are respectively output from the output ends of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler.

Example 1

Fig. 1 shows a kind of Butler matrix network 100 of 3 * 4, comprises three input ports and four output ports, is respectively the first input port IN1, the second input port IN2, the third input port IN3, the first output port OUT1, the second output port OUT2, the third output port OUT3 and the fourth output port OUT4.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific example of the Butler matrix network shown in FIG. 1 . The Butler matrix network 100 includes a first directional coupler 11 , a second directional coupler 12 , a third directional coupler 13 , two phase shifters 21 , 22 and a power divider 3 . Wherein, each directional coupler has a first input end, a second input end, a first output end and a second output end, taking the first directional coupler 11 as an example, the first directional coupler 11 has its first Input end 11a, second input end 11b, first output end 11c and second output end 11d; Two described phase shifters 21,22 each have an input end and an output end; Described power splitter 3 is a Secondary power splitter, that is, the power splitter 3 has an input terminal 3a and two output terminals 3b, 3c.

The first input port 11a of the first directional coupler 11 is used as the first input port IN1 of the Butler matrix network 100, and the second input port 11b of the first directional coupler 11 is used as the Butler matrix network 100. The second input port IN2, the input end 3a of the power divider 3 serves as the third input port IN3 of the Butler matrix network 100 .

The first output end 11c of the first directional coupler 11 is connected to the first output end 12a of the second directional coupler 12, and the second output end 11d of the first directional coupler 11 is connected to the third directional coupler The second input end 13b of 13, the two output ends 3b, 3c of the power divider 3 and the second input end 12b of the second directional coupler 12, the first input end 13a of the third directional coupler 13 one by one Correspondingly connected, the second output end 12d of the second directional coupler 12 is connected with the input end of a phase shifter 21, and the first output end 13c of the third directional coupler 13 is then connected with the input end of another phase shifter 22. end connection.

The first output terminal 12c of the second directional coupler 12 is used as the first output port OUT1 of the Butler matrix network 100, and the output terminal of a phase shifter 21 connected with the second directional coupler 12 is used as the Butler matrix network 100 The third output port OUT3 of the third directional coupler 13 is connected with the output end of a phase shifter 22 as the second output port OUT2 of the Butler matrix network 100, and the second output end 13d of the third directional coupler 13 is used as The fourth output port OUT4 of the Butler matrix network 100 .

Preferably, in the above devices, each of the directional couplers 11, 12, 13 is a directional coupler with a 90° phase difference at the two output terminals; each of the phase shifters 21, 22 introduces a 90° phase Delay; the phases of the two output ends 3b, 3c of the power divider 3 are consistent.

Thus, when the radio frequency signal is input from the first input port IN1 of the Butler matrix network 100, the signal enters the first directional coupler 11 through the first input port 11a of the first directional coupler 11 and passes through the first directional The two output terminals 11c and 11d of the coupler 11 output, wherein, the first output terminal 11c of the first directional coupler 11 obtains the signal 1/2∠0°, and the second output terminal 11d obtains the signal 1/2∠-90° °.

The signal 1/2∠0° obtained by the first output end 11c of the first directional coupler 11 flows into the second directional coupler 12 through the first input end 12a of the second directional coupler 12, and in the second directional coupler 12 The first output terminal 12c of the second directional coupler 12 obtains the signal 1/4∠0°, and the second output terminal 12d of the second directional coupler 12 obtains the signal 1/4∠-90°, and the signal 1/4∠-90° is then combined with the second directional coupler 12 The second output terminal 12d of the two-directional coupler 12 is connected to the phase shifter 21 to output, and finally the signal 1/4∠-180° is obtained at the output end of the phase shifter 21, that is, the final OUT1 output signal is 1/4∠ 0°, OUT3 output signal 1/4∠-180°.

The second output end 11d of the first directional coupler 11 gains the signal 1/2∠-90° and flows into the third directional coupler 13 through the second input end 13b of the third directional coupler 13, and in the third directional coupler The first output terminal 13c of 13 obtains the signal 1/4∠-180°, and the signal 1/4∠-90° is obtained at the second output end 13d, and the signal 1/4∠-180° is then connected with the third directional coupler 13 The phase shifter 22 connected to the first output terminal 13c is output, and finally the signal 1/4∠-270° is obtained at the output end of the phase shifter 22, that is, the final output signal of OUT2 is 1/4∠-270°, and the output signal of OUT4 is The signal is 1/4∠-90°.

Therefore, if the radio frequency signal is input from the first input port IN1 of the Butler matrix network 100, the signals obtained at the four output ports are respectively 1/4∠0°(OUT1), 1/4∠-270°(OUT2) , 1/4∠-180°(OUT3) and 1/4∠-90°(OUT4). According to the principle that 360° of electromagnetic waves is a cycle, the output signal of OUT1 can be understood as 1/4∠-360°. Thus, an amplitude-phase distribution with equal amplitude and a phase difference of +90° can be formed among the four output ports.

When the radio frequency signal is input from the second input port IN2 of the Butler matrix network 100, that is, the second input end 12b of the first directional coupler 12, the first output end 11c of the first directional coupler 11 obtains a signal 1/2∠-90°, the second output terminal 11d receives a signal 1/2∠0°.

The signal 1/2∠-90° obtained by the first output end 11c of the first directional coupler 11 flows into the second directional coupler 12 through the first input end 12a of the second directional coupler 12, and is coupled in the second directional coupler. The signal 1/4∠-90° is obtained at the first output end 12c of the device 12, the signal 1/4∠-180° is obtained at the second output end 12d, and the signal obtained at the second output end 12d is output through the phase shifter 21, Finally, the signal 1/4∠-270° is obtained at the output terminal of the phase shifter 21 , that is, the final output signal of OUT1 is 1/4∠-90°, and the output signal of OUT3 is 1/4∠-270°.

The signal 1/2∠0° that the second output end 11d of the first directional coupler 11 obtains flows into the third directional coupler 13 through the second input end 13b of the third directional coupler 13, and in the third directional coupler The first output terminal 13c of 13 obtains the signal 1/4∠-90°, and the second output terminal 13d obtains the signal 1/4∠0°, wherein the signal of the first output terminal 13c is output through the phase shifter 22, so that The signal 1/4∠-180° is obtained at the phase shifter 22, that is, the final output signal of OUT2 is 1/4∠-180°, and the output signal of OUT4 is 1/4∠0°. That is, the output signals of the four output terminals are 1/4∠-90°(OUT1), 1/4∠-180°(OUT2), 1/4∠-270°(OUT3), 1/4∠-360° (OUT4). In this way, an amplitude-phase distribution with equal amplitude and a phase difference of -90° can be formed among the four output ports.

When the radio frequency signal is input from the input terminal 3a of the power divider 3 (i.e. the third input port IN3 of the Butler matrix network 100), the signal passes through the power divider 3 and two output terminals 3b, 3c of the power divider 3 are obtained. A radio frequency signal of equal amplitude and phase 1/2∠0°.

One of the signals 1/2∠0° at the output port of the power divider 3 flows into the second directional coupler 12 through the second input terminal 12b of the second directional coupler 12, and at the first output of the second directional coupler 12 The terminal 12c obtains the signal 1/4∠-90°, the second output terminal 12d obtains the signal 1/4∠0°, and the signal obtained by the second output terminal 12d is output through the phase shifter 21, so that the phase shifter 21 outputs At the end, the signal 1/4∠-90° is obtained, that is, the final output signal of OUT1 is 1/4∠-90°, and the output signal of OUT3 is 1/4∠-90°.

Another signal 1/2∠0° at the output port of the power divider 3 flows into the third directional coupler 13 through the first input terminal 13a of the third directional coupler 13, and at the first output of the third directional coupler 13 The terminal 13c obtains the signal 1/4∠0°, and the second output terminal 13d obtains the signal 1/4∠-90°, wherein the signal 1/4∠0° is output by the phase shifter 22 so that at the output end of the phase shifter 22 The signal 1/4∠-90° is obtained, that is, the final output signal of OUT2 is 1/4∠-90°, and the output signal of OUT4 is 1/4∠-90°.

Thus, when the radio frequency signal is input through the third input port IN3 of the Butler matrix network 100, the four output ports obtain equal amplitude and phase distribution (the signals output by the four output ports are all 1/4∠-90 °).

In summary, when the Butler matrix network 100 of the present embodiment is connected to four antenna arrays (the four output ports of the matrix network are connected to the four antenna arrays in a one-to-one correspondence), three different types of antennas are formed at the three input ports. The beam pointing pattern is shown in Figure 7.

When the Butler matrix network 100 of this embodiment inputs radio frequency signals at three input ports, it outputs four channels of equal amplitude and phase tolerances of 90° forward signals at four output ports, and the four channels of equal amplitude and phase tolerances are - 90°reverse signal and four equal-amplitude and in-phase signals.

In this embodiment, the design idea of the Butler matrix network is simple and ingenious, with smaller size, stable performance and good consistency.

Preferably, the first directional coupler 11 is a directional coupler with 3dB equal power distribution.

Further, considering the attenuation of the radio frequency signal during transmission, in order to maintain the same amplitude of the radio frequency signals output by all output ports, the second and third directional couplers 12, 13 can be directional couplers with unequal power distribution , and make the power of one output end connected to the phase shifters 21, 22 greater than the power of the other output end. In this embodiment, the output power of the second output end 12d of the second directional coupler 12 is greater than the power of its first output end 12c, and the output power of the first output end 13c of the third directional coupler 13 is greater than its second output power. The output power of the output terminal 13d.

The above-mentioned directional couplers 11, 12, 13 can adopt branch line directional couplers, coupled line directional couplers (such as parallel coupled line directional couplers), or other design forms of directional couplers such as pinhole coupling, matching double T, etc. Each directional coupler can be constructed using coaxial lines, rectangular waveguides, circular waveguides, striplines or microstrip lines.

In other implementations, when the Butler matrix network 100 inputs radio frequency signals at the three input ports IN1-IN3, it outputs four channels of forward signals with equal amplitude and phase difference at the four output ports OUT1-OUT4, and the four channels of equal-amplitude and And there are reverse signals with phase difference and four channels of signals with equal amplitude and same phase, wherein, the four channels of forward signals correspond to the four channels of reverse signals one by one, and every two corresponding signals have the same phase difference. Based on this, a person skilled in the art can select corresponding directional couplers and phase shifters according to phase difference requirements to assemble a specific beamforming network.

Example 2

Fig. 3 shows a kind of Butler matrix network 100 of 3 * 5, has three input ports and five output ports, and its structure is similar to embodiment 1, and difference is that, comprises two power splitters 3, is For ease of distinction, one power splitter providing the third input port IN3 is defined as the first power splitter 31 , and the other power splitter is defined as the second power splitter 32 . As known above, the input terminal of the first power divider 31 is used as the third input port IN3, and its two output terminals are connected to the input terminals of the second and third directional couplers. The input terminal 32 of the second power divider 32 is connected to the first output terminal 12c of the second directional coupler 12, so as to divide the original first output port OUT1 into two output ports OUT1 and OUT5 for signal output, that is, in the original A fifth output port OUT5 is added on the basis of the four output ports.

In other embodiments, more power dividers 3 may be included, and other power dividers (i.e. divider 32), connected to the output terminals of the phase shifters 21, 22, or connected to the first output terminal 12c of the second directional coupler 12, the second output terminal 13d of the third directional coupler 13, or the phase shifter 21, 22 output terminals and the output terminals of the second and third directional couplers 12, 13 are connected to the power divider 32, so as to expand on the basis of the original multiple output ports through different second power dividers 32 More output ports are available, so it is suitable for antennas with more antenna subarrays.

Example 3

4 to 6 show a dual-polarized three-beam antenna 1000, including a reflector 400, four antenna subarrays 301, 302, 303 and 304 arranged on the reflector 400, and the number of antenna subarrays is consistent with the number of antenna subarrays. Power division phase-shifting feed networks 201, 202, 203 and 204 (see Figure 5 and Figure 6, since the structure of the power division phase-shift feed network is the same, for the convenience of illustration, 202, 203, 204 are not completely drawn), And two Butler matrix networks 100 and 100' in Embodiment 1.

In this embodiment, each antenna subarray includes six antenna radiating units, such as 301, including antenna radiating units 301b to 301g, and the six antenna radiating units are all dual-polarized antenna radiating units, and each radiating unit All are connected to the respective power division phase-shift feed network port (ie the output end of the power division phase-shift feed network), that is to say, the power division phase-shift feed network has at least six output terminals, such as Fig. 5 In the one-to-six power-division phase-shift feed network shown, the power-division phase-shift feed network 201 has an input terminal 201a and six output terminals 201b-201g, wherein the output terminals 201b-201g are connected to the radiation units 301b-301g One-to-one connection.

Please refer to FIG. 6, the two Butler matrix networks 100 and 100' have the same structure, and are respectively used for two different polarizations (such as +45° and -45° linear polarization). The power division phase-shift feeding network 201～204 can support simultaneous feeding to two polarized antenna radiating elements, that is, the input end 201a of the power division phase-shift feed network (such as 201) is connected with the Butler matrix network 100 at the same time. The OUT1 of the Butler matrix network 100' is connected to the OUT1' of the Butler matrix network 100'. Similarly, the power division phase-shifting feed networks 202, 203, 204 are connected to the corresponding output ports of the two Butler matrix networks 100, 100'.

In other implementation manners, the number of radiation elements of each sub-array 301 , 302 , 303 and 304 of the dual-polarized three-beam antenna 1000 can be adjusted according to different gain requirements. Correspondingly, the output port of the power division phase-shifting feed network and its matching branch are properly adjusted (for example, adding an output port) to feed the radiating unit.

Preferably, the array spacing of two adjacent sub-arrays 301, 302, 303 and 304 can be selected from 0.5-1.2 times the wavelength of the central frequency point of the working frequency band.

Preferably, the distance between every two adjacent radiation units in the same sub-array can be selected from 0.7-1.3 times the wavelength of the center frequency of the working frequency band.

Further, two adjacent sub-arrays 301 , 302 , 303 and 304 are mutually staggered, and generally 0.5 times the distance between two adjacent radiating elements in the same sub-array is selected for staggering.

The dual-polarized three-beam antenna 1000 constitutes a dual-polarized three-beam independent electronically adjustable antenna when each of its power division phase-shift feeding networks 201 , 202 , 203 , and 204 has the function of electrically adjustable phase shift.

The dual-polarized three-beam antenna can also expand the number of sub-arrays. To adapt to this, it is necessary to use power splitters at different output ports to expand to output ports consistent with the number of sub-arrays to enable radiation.

The above shows the dual-polarized three-beam antenna of the present invention. When the radiating unit is not a dual-polarized radiating unit, the three-beam antenna is a common three-beam antenna. At this time, only one beamforming network is required.

Example 4

In this embodiment, the utility model provides an input structure of a beamforming network, comprising: at least two coupling input terminals and at least one equal power division input terminal; the two coupling input terminals are configured to Inputting the first input port and the second input port of two signals into the beamforming network, so that the two signals respectively form first and second beams with phase differences under the equal power distribution coupling of the beamforming network; The equal power division input terminal is configured to input a third signal to the beamforming network, so that the third signal forms a third beam with equal phases under the equal power distribution and coupling of the beamforming network.

The antenna using the beamforming network with the above input structure can form different phase configurations at different output ports when different input ports input radio frequency signals, thereby forming multiple different beam directions.

In addition, the utility model also relates to an input and output method of a beamforming network, comprising the following steps:

(a) performing coupling and phase modulation processing on the first input electrical signal, and outputting four forward output signals, the phases of the four forward output signals form an incremental sequence with a tolerance of a;

(b) Coupling and phase-modulating the second input electrical signal, and outputting four reversed output signals, the phases of the four reversed output signals form a descending sequence with a tolerance of b;

(c) Dividing the input third electrical signal into two output equal shunt electrical signals, and coupling the shunt electrical signals, outputting four phase signals of an arithmetic sequence with zero tolerance.

Wherein, the coupling and phase modulation processing includes coupling processing and phase shift processing, and the coupling processing couples each input electrical signal into four signals; the phase shift processing couples at least one of the coupled four signals to The signals are phase-shifted and output, so that the phases of the signals output at the four output ports of the beamforming network are distributed in an arithmetic sequence.

Specifically, the coupling process includes a first coupling process and a second coupling process, the first coupling process couples the input electrical signal into two coupled signals with equal power distribution, and the second coupling process respectively The obtained two-way coupling signals are coupled and processed, and four-way signals are output.

In other embodiments, the four forward signals formed by the first electrical signal processing have a phase difference, and the phase difference may be the tolerance of the arithmetic sequence, or not a fixed value; similarly, for the second The four reverse signals output by the electrical signal processing also have a phase difference.

All in all, using this input-output method, a multiple-input multiple-output beam network can be formed. When different input ports input RF signals, the beam network forms different phase configurations at different output ports, thereby forming multiple different beam directions. .

The foregoing is only a partial implementation of the utility model, and it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, some improvements and modifications can also be made without departing from the principle of the utility model. Retouching should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present utility model.

Claims (11)

1. a kind of Wave-packet shaping network is it is characterised in that include：First directional coupler, the second directional coupler, the 3rd orientation Bonder, the first power splitter and at least one phase shifter, the outfan of described first directional coupler orients coupling with second respectively The input of clutch and the 3rd directional coupler connects, the outfan of described first power splitter respectively with the second directional coupler and The input of the 3rd directional coupler connects；

The signal of telecommunication inputs via the first directional coupler and the first power splitter respectively, and respectively by the second directional coupler and the 3rd The outfan of directional coupler exports and/or exports to the described phase shifter, and the described phase shifter, at least one was connected to second calmly To on an outfan of bonder and/or the 3rd directional coupler.

2. Wave-packet shaping network according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that each directional coupler is respectively provided with first, Two inputs and first, second outfan；The of first outfan of the first directional coupler and described second directional coupler One input connects, and the second outfan of the first directional coupler is connected with the second input of the 3rd directional coupler；Described Second input of two output ports of the first power splitter and the second directional coupler, the first input of the 3rd directional coupler End connects one to one, the second outfan of the second directional coupler, each connection one of the first outfan of the 3rd directional coupler The individual described phase shifter.

3. Wave-packet shaping network according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that further include the outfan with the phase shifter And/or multiple second work(that second first outfan of directional coupler, the second outfan of the 3rd directional coupler connect divide Device.

4. Wave-packet shaping network according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that each described directional coupler is two outputs End has the directional coupler of 90 ° of phase contrasts.

5. Wave-packet shaping network according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that described first directional coupler is the work(such as 3dB The directional coupler of rate distribution, the directional coupler that second, third directional coupler described distributes for unequal power.

6. Wave-packet shaping network according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that each phase shifter phase place of all introducing 90 ° is prolonged Late.

7. a kind of three beam antennas, divide shifting including reflecting plate, the aerial array on reflecting plate, the work(for aerial array feed The Wave-packet shaping network that the input that phase feeding network and its outfan divide phase shift feeding network with work(is connected, described antenna array Row include multiple subarrays, and each subarray includes multiple radiating elements；Described work(divides number and the submatrix of phase shift feeding network The columns of row is consistent, and each work(divides phase shift feeding network to be respectively provided with an input and multiple outfan；It is characterized in that, described Wave-packet shaping network is the Wave-packet shaping network described in any one of claim 1 to 6, the output port number of this Wave-packet shaping network Amount is consistent with the submatrix column number of aerial array, and multiple output ports of Wave-packet shaping network divide phase shift to feed with multiple work( The input of network connects one to one, and each described work(divides multiple outfans of phase shift feeding network and the many of a subarray Individual radiating element connects one to one.

8. three beam antennas according to claim 7 are it is characterised in that each described radiating element is dual polarised radiation list Unit, the quantity at least two of described Wave-packet shaping network, described two Wave-packet shaping networks are respectively used to two different poles Change, each work(divides input and each corresponding outfan connection of two Wave-packet shaping networks of phase shift feeding network.

9. three beam antennas according to claim 7 or 8 are it is characterised in that the spacing of two neighboring subarray is selected from work Make 0.5～1.2 times of wavelength of frequency range center frequency point, in same subarray, the spacing of two neighboring radiating element is selected from work 0.7～1.3 times of wavelength of frequency range center frequency point.

10. three beam antennas according to claim 9 are it is characterised in that the setting of two neighboring subarray mutual dislocation, wrong Column pitch is in same subarray 0.5 times of spacing between two neighboring radiating element.

A kind of 11. input structures of Wave-packet shaping network are it is characterised in that include：

At least two couple input wait work(to divide input with least one；

Described two couple input include being configurable for inputting the first input of two paths of signals for this Wave-packet shaping network Port and the second input port, so that two paths of signals is formed under the constant power distribution coupling of this Wave-packet shaping network respectively all have Dephased first, second wave beam；

The work(such as described divides input, is configurable for inputting the 3rd road signal for this Wave-packet shaping network, so that the 3rd tunnel Signal forms equiphase 3rd wave beam under the constant power distribution coupling of this Wave-packet shaping network.