CN204309801U - For detecting the detecting device of rail smooth degree - Google Patents

Abstract

A detection device for detecting track smoothness is proposed, which belongs to the technical field of track smoothness detection. The detection device includes a rail car straddling the track, a measurement target carried on the rail car, and a laser emitting device located on the track in front of the measurement target; the measurement target includes a target surface and is located behind the target surface and is opposite to the target surface. A camera with a fixed position, wherein the target surface is made of a translucent material, the laser emitting device is used to project laser light onto the target surface to form a light spot, and the camera is used to capture and store the light spot on the target Spot image formed on the surface.

Description

Testing device for testing track smoothness

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of track smoothness detection, in particular to a detection device for detecting track smoothness.

Background technique

Track smoothness refers to the dimensional deviation between the two rails in the vertical and horizontal directions and the ideal position of the rails. It is an external disturbance to the running train and is the main source of vibration of rolling stock. Track smoothness detection is an important data for dynamic analysis of rolling stock and track system, and also an important means of rolling stock, track design, maintenance and quality assessment. The smoothness of the track directly affects the safe and smooth operation of the train, especially for high-speed railways, which are more sensitive to the smoothness of the track and have higher requirements. All kinds of irregularities of the track must be strictly managed, overhauled in time, and overruns are eliminated, so that the track is always kept in a smooth and complete state, so as to ensure that the train runs safely and smoothly at the specified maximum speed.

In the prior art, for example, the GPJ-A01 track long-wave irregularity laser detector is a high-precision laser inspection instrument specially developed for railway works by Beijing Late Laser Co., Ltd. and the Works Department of Shanghai Railway Bureau. It is mainly used for railway lines, especially It is used for manual track operation in turnout areas, tunnels and other areas. As shown in Figure 1, the working principle of the GPJ-A01 track long-wave irregularity laser detector is to establish a 100m baseline parallel to the track top and track direction, and measure the track direction and vertical deviation. The reference line uses a visible laser beam. It mainly includes a laser electronic theodolite 1, a measuring target 2, a positioning target 3 and the supporting structure of the above three components. In the design and manufacture of laser electronic theodolite, positioning target holder and measuring target bracket, ensure that when the laser light source is parallel to the rail top, the positioning target, measuring target center, etc. are higher than the rail top, and ensure that the three centers are at the same side of the rail face. When measuring, first place the laser electronic theodolite and the positioning target deck on the steel rail to be tested, the reference point on the deck is close to the side of the rail, adjust it to the level through water bubbles and adjust the handwheel, tighten the deck, and adjust the theodolite Hit the laser beam on the positioning target. Put the measuring target reference point close to the side of the rail, adjust the measuring target bracket to the level, and read the vertical and rail deviation values through the position of the laser spot on the target surface.

Through on-site research and careful analysis and research, we found that when using the GPJ-A01 track long-wave irregularity laser detector, the distance between the support points of the bracket supporting the measurement target is small, its stability is low, and it is not flexible to move on the track. In addition, in The horizontal and vertical displacement cannot be compensated for ramps and curves; in addition, the speed of manual reading of the vertical and rail deviation values of the laser spot is slow and there will be certain errors; when the measurement distance is greater than 10m or the wind speed is large , the change of the refractive index of the air caused by the airflow leads to a large drift of the laser spot, and it is impossible to accurately read the offset data manually; when measuring in a dark environment, the bright laser spot will cause certain damage to the human eye.

Utility model content

In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the utility model proposes a new detection device for detecting the smoothness of the track. The rail car used in the device has the advantages of stability, flexible movement and convenient portability.

The utility model proposes a detection device for detecting the smoothness of the track. The detection device includes a rail car straddling the track, a measurement target carried on the rail car, and a laser emitting device located on the track in front of the measurement target. The measurement target includes a target surface and a fixed camera behind the target surface relative to the target surface, wherein the target surface is made of a translucent material, and the laser emitting device is used to project laser light onto the target surface A light spot is formed on the target surface, and the camera is used to capture and store a light spot image formed by the light spot on the target surface.

According to an aspect of the present utility model, the measurement target further includes a camera fixing device and a housing, wherein: the camera and the camera fixing device are located at the rear end of the housing, the target surface is located at the front surface of the housing, and the camera fixing device is used for Make the centerline of the camera lens pass through the center of the target surface.

According to an aspect of the utility model, the measurement target further includes a camera fastening bolt. When the fastening bolt is loosened, the camera can move back and forth relative to the housing along the centerline of the lens. When the fastening bolt is tightened, The relative positions of the camera and the housing are fixed.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the rail vehicle includes a support arm parallel to the direction of the track, and a truss with one end vertically connected to the support arm; wherein: the first and second load-bearing wheels are respectively fixed at both ends of the support arm , the first and second load-bearing wheels are located above one track and contact the track; the other end of the truss is fixed to a third load-bearing wheel, and the third load-bearing wheel is located above another track and contacts the other track; The first to third load-bearing wheels enable the rail car to slide forward and backward along the track.

According to an aspect of the present invention, the railcar further includes a tensioning wheel for keeping the railcar relatively fixed in a direction perpendicular to the track.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the support arm includes a front support arm and a rear support arm, and the truss includes a left truss and a right truss, wherein: the third bearing wheel is located at one end of the left truss, and the left truss The other end of the truss is connected to one end of the right truss; the front support arm and the rear support arm are respectively connected to both sides of the other end of the right truss.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the left truss and the right truss are pivotally connected by a pivoting member, so that the left truss can rotate 180 degrees around the pivoting member toward the right below the right truss; the front support arm and the rear support arm are respectively pivotally connected with the right truss through a pivot member, so that the front support arm and the rear support arm can rotate 90 degrees towards the front and the rear of the right truss respectively.

According to one aspect of the present invention, when the rail car is in the folded state, the left truss is located below the right truss and is close to the right truss, and the front support arm and the rear support arm are respectively located in front of the right truss and behind and snug to the right truss.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the rail car has a fastening device for maintaining the relative positions of the left truss, the right truss, the front support arm and the rear support arm when the rail car is in an unfolded or folded state.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a fixed base is installed on the truss, and the measuring target is connected to the fixed base through a support rod so as to be fixed on the rail car.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there are multiple fixed bases, and the multiple fixed bases are separated and fixedly installed on the truss with a predetermined step length. One connection to the fixed base.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the fixed base is slidably connected with the truss, so that the fixed base can slide on the truss along the direction perpendicular to the track, the fixed base also includes a fixed bolt, and the fixed base The bolt keeps the fixed base and the truss in a fixed position relative to each other; and the support rod is a telescopic support rod, so that the length of the support rod can be adjusted.

According to one aspect of the utility model, the truss and the support arm are made of 7075 aluminum alloy.

According to an aspect of the present invention, the rail car further includes a push rod fixedly connected to the rail car at one end, and the other end of the push rod is connected to the computing equipment bracket.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1-1 shows the front view of track smoothness detection equipment in the prior art;

Fig. 1-2 shows the side view of track smoothness detection equipment in the prior art;

Fig. 1-3 shows the top view of track smoothness detection equipment in the prior art;

Fig. 2-1 shows the front view of the railcar for detecting track smoothness according to one embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2-2 shows the top view of the rail car for detecting track smoothness according to one embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3-1 shows a schematic structural view of the tensioning wheel;

Figure 3-2 shows an enlarged view of the local structure of the tensioning wheel;

Fig. 4 shows the three-dimensional rendering of the folded rail car;

Figure 5-1 shows a front view of a folded railcar according to one embodiment;

Figure 5-2 shows a top view of a folded railcar according to one embodiment;

Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a measuring target fixing base and a support rod according to an embodiment;

Fig. 7 shows a schematic structural view of a detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 8-1 shows the front view of the measurement target;

Figure 8-2 shows a side view of the measurement target;

Detailed ways

Figures 2-1 and 2-2 show the structural diagram of a rail car used for testing track smoothness according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the rail car is used to carry a measurement target.

As shown in Figures 2-1 and 2-2, the rail car includes a support arm parallel to the direction of the track, and a truss that is connected to the support arm at one end and is perpendicular to the support arm. Two load-bearing wheels 23 are respectively fixed at both ends of the support arm, and these two load-bearing wheels are located above one of the double tracks and contact with the track. The other end of the truss holds a load wheel that sits over and contacts the other track in the double track. That is, the plane formed by these three load-bearing wheels is parallel to the plane formed by the two tracks. This supporting method makes the target more firm; at the same time, the load-bearing wheels can slide along the rails, thus solving the problem of inconvenient movement of the measuring target bracket in the prior art.

According to one embodiment, since different types of rails and different linear rail running surfaces and guide surfaces are used in different grades of lines, a tensioning wheel is added to the rail car in addition to 3 load-bearing wheels, so that When the gauge changes, the rail car and the rail are always in close contact to improve the measurement accuracy. As shown in Figures 2-1 and 2-2, as shown in Figure 5, the tensioning wheel 24 is installed on the end of the truss where the load-carrying wheel is located, so that the rail car and the rail remain relatively fixed in the direction perpendicular to the rail extension. Of course, the tensioning wheel can also be installed at other positions, such as the other end of the truss or the support arm, as long as the purpose of keeping the rail car and the track relatively fixed can be achieved.

As shown in Figures 2-1 and 2-2, the support arm includes a front support arm 211 and a rear support arm 212, and the truss includes a left truss 221 and a right truss 222, and the support arm and truss are foldable track smoothness detection devices The main part of it plays the role of supporting other components of the track smoothness detection device.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the load-bearing wheels on the truss are connected to one end of the left truss, the other end of the left truss is connected to one end of the right truss, and the front support arm and the rear support arm are connected to the other end of the right truss respectively. sides. As shown in Figure 2-1, 2-2 and Figure 4, Figure 5-1, 5-2, the rail car can be folded to achieve the purpose of portability. Fig. 4 shows a three-dimensional rendering of a folded rail car; Fig. 5-1 and 5-2 show a CAD dimension drawing of a folded rail car according to an embodiment. According to Fig. 2-1, 2-2 and Fig. 4, the left truss and the right truss are pivotally connected by a pivoting member, so that the left truss can rotate 180 degrees around the pivoting member directly below the right truss , and finally the left truss is folded under the right truss; the front support arm and the rear support arm are also pivotally connected to the right truss through a pivot member, so that the front support arm and the rear support arm can be directly in front of and directly behind the right truss, respectively. Make a 90-degree turn, and finally fold the front and rear of the right truss respectively. The pivoting member can be any rotating mechanism that realizes the mutual rotation of two parts. In order to make the position between the left and right trusses and the front and rear support arms fixed to prevent loosening of the parts no matter when it is folded or unfolded, the rail car is also provided with a fastening device. For example, when the rail car is opened from the folded state and placed on the rails, the joints of the left and right trusses have fastening devices, such as the left and right trusses all have transparent holes 41 (Fig. Through these transparent holes, the relative positions of the left and right trusses are fixed. Of course, the utility model is not limited thereto, and any fastening device can be used to realize the fixing between the various components.

As shown in Figures 5-1 and 5-2, in order to facilitate people to carry, the track trolley is designed as a foldable structure. During actual use, the surveyor can fold the track trolley into a size of 850mm×312mm×255mm according to needs. It takes up very little space and is more convenient to carry.

According to one embodiment of the utility model, in order to reduce the weight of the rail trolley and at the same time ensure the rigidity, strength, corrosion resistance and ease of processing of the structure, except for the three load-bearing wheels and fastening bolts, all other parts of the rail trolley are used Made of 7075 high-strength aluminum alloy. 7075 aluminum alloy is a cold-treated forging alloy with high strength, which is far better than mild steel. It is one of the strongest commercial aluminum alloys. It is easy to process, has good wear resistance, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance. Made of 7075 aluminum alloy, the device weighs less than 20kg and can be easily carried by only 1-2 people.

In the actual detection process, it is possible to encounter a road section with a large curvature or slope, which may cause the laser spot to "off-target", so the displacement compensation of the measurement target must be considered. In one embodiment, multiple fixed bases are used to solve the horizontal displacement problem, and support rods of different lengths are used to solve the vertical displacement problem. As shown in Figure 2-1, 2-2 and Figure 6, on the truss, fix a plurality of measuring target fixing seats 62 with predetermined steps, for example, use fixing seats with equal spacing for horizontal compensation, each step length is 150mm, The total compensation range is 450mm; and a plurality of support rods 61 of different lengths are used to support the measuring target for vertical compensation, for example, the step length is 100mm, and the total compensation range is 200mm. It can be seen that the corresponding support rod and the fixing seat can be selected according to the actual situation, and the measuring target can be installed on the corresponding fixing seat through the corresponding supporting rod.

In another embodiment (not shown in the figure), in order to achieve the above compensation more flexibly, the support rod 61 is a telescopic support rod, which can be stretched to different lengths as required. In order to determine the length of the telescopic rod more conveniently, a scale can be pre-engraved on the telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod can be adjusted to the required scale. In addition, the fixing seat 62 is connected to the truss in a sliding manner, that is, the fixing seat can slide left and right along the direction of the truss. For example, the truss has a groove, and the fixing seat has a protrusion corresponding to the groove, and has a fixing bolt. Slide the mounts to the desired position as appropriate and secure the mounts to the truss with the anchor bolts. Of course, in order to obtain the position of the fixing seat more conveniently, the scale is pre-engraved on the truss, so that the fixing seat can be conveniently fixed to the required position. According to this embodiment, the measurement target can be compensated for any scale in the horizontal and vertical directions.

The rail car proposed by the utility model can carry any type of measuring target.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a novel track smoothness detection device is also proposed.

Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a track smoothness detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 7 , the track smoothness detection device includes a rail car 71 that straddles the track and can slide back and forth along the extending direction of the track. The rail car can be the new type of rail car described above in this specification. It also includes a measurement target 72 carried on the rail car, a computing device (not shown) carried on the rail car, and a laser emitting device 73 located on the track in front of the measurement target. Wherein, the measurement target includes a target surface and a fixed camera located behind the target surface relative to the target surface (see Figures 8-1 and 8-2 for details), and the target surface is made of translucent material. The laser emitting device is used to project laser light 75 onto the target surface of the measurement target to form a light spot. Since the target surface is made of translucent material, the camera located behind the target surface can capture the image formed by the light spot. According to one embodiment, the camera is connected to the computing device, and the computing device is used to analyze the image formed by the light spot to obtain the position of the center of the light spot. According to one embodiment, the calculation device also calculates the difference between the light spot and the reference point, such as the offset in horizontal and vertical directions, to obtain the smoothness of the track. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the computing device can be fixed on the bracket 74 of the rail car. The reference point may be the center of the measuring target surface or a preset point. According to another simple embodiment, the camera is provided with a storage device capable of storing images formed by the light spots. In this way, it is also possible to manually judge the smoothness of the track by manually observing the image after the image is collected without using a computing device. Although this method is not as accurate as the above method, it also solves the problem of strong light damage to human eyes. In addition, it can also improve comfort. The operator does not need to observe the smoothness outdoors in real time, but can monitor it indoors after taking images. Smoothness is measured later.

The basic working principle of the track smoothness detection device is: place a laser emitting device at the zero point of the track to be measured, and place a rail car at the farthest distance to be measured. When the laser emitting device is turned on, the laser is emitted to the measurement target to form a spot. At this time, the camera inside the target receives the light spot information and analyzes and calculates it through computer equipment, such as a vehicle-mounted computer. The rail car moves forward (closer to the laser emitting device), and at any measurement point, the coordinate value (height and horizontal direction) of the light spot relative to the center position of the target or other reference points can be measured, so as to calculate the smoothness of the measured track data.

In order to realize the above-mentioned detection device, according to one embodiment, for example, on the rail car shown in Fig. Install the computing device bracket 26 . Computing device stand 26 is used to support a stationary computing device. During the detection process, the projection distance of the laser is relatively long, and the light spot may be interfered by scattering, diffraction, random noise and light, and finally the light spot formed on the target surface is not very regular. Therefore, during the entire detection process, it is necessary to accurately locate the center of the laser spot in real time, and to have a certain anti-noise function, and these need to be completed by computing equipment. Only one data cable is needed to connect the measurement target and the on-board computer. According to one embodiment, the push rod and the bracket can be omitted. The computing device may be located in a control center or other location and does not slide with the rail car. Communication between the computing device and the camera can be performed through a wireless connection, such as WIFI, Bluetooth, and the like. In addition, due to the drift of the spot position, the computing device can capture multiple spot images within a preset time period through the camera, obtain the coordinates of multiple spots, calculate the average value, and compare it with the coordinates of the reference point to measure the smoothness of the track.

8-1 and 8-2 show schematic perspective views of measurement targets.

As shown in FIGS. 8-1 and 8-2 , the measurement target includes a target surface 81 , a camera 82 , a camera fixing device 83 , camera fastening bolts 84 and a housing 85 . In the measurement target, the target surface 81 is located on the front surface of the housing 85, the camera 82 and the camera fixing device 83 are located at the inner rear end of the housing, and the camera fixing device 83 ensures that the center of the camera is aligned with the center of the target surface, that is, the center line of the camera lens can pass through The center of the target surface. Tighten the camera fastening bolt 84, the camera is in a relatively fixed state with the casing and cannot move, loosen the fastening bolt, the camera can move back and forth relative to the casing along the direction of the lens, which is convenient for the user to adjust the positional relationship between the lens and the target to determine the best position. Good camera position.

According to the above description, the utility model has the following advantages: the structural design of the rail car, including the design of the tension wheel, the design of the displacement compensation device, etc., is more stable, more portable and more flexible; it adopts laser spot positioning, computer analysis, etc. Data track smoothness detection technology, which realizes the computer acquisition and reading of laser spot image data, greatly improves the accuracy of smoothness detection, and avoids the defect of large manual reading errors; The track smoothness detection device formed can overcome the various shortcomings of the existing technology, and has high measurement accuracy. The manual reading in the past is changed to machine reading. The utility model also has the advantages of light weight, convenient Portable, easy to operate, low price advantages.

The above specific implementations proposed by the utility model are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the utility model. Those skilled in the art can adjust the specific implementation as needed to meet actual needs.

Claims (14)

1. A detection device for detecting track smoothness, characterized in that: The detection device includes a rail car straddling the track, a measurement target carried on the rail car, and a laser emitting device located on the track in front of the measurement target; The measurement target includes a target surface and a fixed camera behind the target surface relative to the target surface, wherein the target surface is made of a translucent material, and the laser emitting device is used to project laser light onto the target surface A light spot is formed, and the camera is used to capture and store a light spot image formed by the light spot on the target surface. 2. The detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measurement target further includes a camera fixing device and a housing, wherein: The camera and the camera fixing device are located at the inner rear end of the casing, the target surface is located at the front surface of the casing, and the camera fixing device is used to make the center line of the camera lens pass through the center of the target surface. 3. The detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The measurement target further includes a camera fastening bolt. When the fastening bolt is loosened, the camera can move back and forth relative to the housing along the centerline of the lens. When the fastening bolt is tightened, the relative position of the camera and the housing fixed. 4. The detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rail car includes a support arm parallel to the direction of the track, and a truss vertically connected to the support arm at one end; wherein: Both ends of the support arm are respectively fixed with the first and second load-bearing wheels, and the first and second load-bearing wheels are located above a track and contact with the track; the other end of the truss is fixed with the third load-bearing wheels, and the first load-bearing wheels Three load-bearing wheels are located above the other track and in contact with the other track; the first to third load-bearing wheels enable the rail car to slide forward and backward along the track. 5. The detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rail car also includes a tensioning wheel for keeping the rail car relatively fixed in a direction perpendicular to the track. 6. The detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support arm includes a front support arm and a rear support arm, and the truss includes a left truss and a right truss, wherein: The third bearing wheel is located at one end of the left truss, and the other end of the left truss is connected to one end of the right truss; the front support arm and the rear support arm are respectively connected to both sides of the other end of the right truss. 7. The detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The left truss and the right truss are pivotally connected by a pivoting member, so that the left truss can rotate 180 degrees around the pivoting member toward the right below the right truss; The front support arm and the rear support arm are respectively pivotally connected to the right truss through a pivot member, so that the front support arm and the rear support arm can rotate 90 degrees towards the front and rear of the right truss respectively. 8. The detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the rail car is in the folded state, the left truss is located below the right truss and is close to the right truss, and the front support arm and rear support arm are respectively located in front and rear of the right truss and are close to the right truss. 9. The detection device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rail car has a snap-fit device, which is used to keep the relative positions of the left truss, the right truss, the front support arm and the rear support arm fixed when the rail car is in an unfolded or folded state. 10. The detection device according to any one of claims 4-9, characterized in that: A fixed base is installed on the truss, and the measurement target is connected with the fixed base through a support rod to be fixed on the rail car. 11. The detection device according to claim 10, characterized in that: There are multiple fixed bases, and the multiple fixed bases are fixedly installed on the truss at intervals of predetermined steps, and the measurement target is connected to one of the multiple fixed bases through support rods with different lengths. 12. The detection device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The fixed base is slidably connected with the truss, so that the fixed base can slide on the truss along the direction perpendicular to the track, and the fixed base also includes a fixed bolt, and the fixed bolt makes the fixed base and the truss The relative positions of the trusses are kept fixed; and the support rods are telescopic support rods, so that the length of the support rods can be adjusted. 13. The detection device according to any one of claims 4-9, characterized in that: The truss and support arms are made of 7075 aluminum alloy. 14. The detection device according to any one of claims 4-9, characterized in that: The rail car also includes a push rod fixedly connected to the rail car at one end, and the other end of the push rod is connected to the computing device bracket.