CN1923978A - Ethanol modifier and application thereof - Google Patents
Ethanol modifier and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1923978A CN1923978A CNA2006101123076A CN200610112307A CN1923978A CN 1923978 A CN1923978 A CN 1923978A CN A2006101123076 A CNA2006101123076 A CN A2006101123076A CN 200610112307 A CN200610112307 A CN 200610112307A CN 1923978 A CN1923978 A CN 1923978A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an alcohol modifier and alcohol clean oil, which comprises the following parts: 12-17% desugar agent, 2-5% emulsifier, 2-6% anti-oxidant, 2-6% preservative, 3-8% age resister, 1-3% cleaner, 7-10% abrasion-proof agent, 12-15% combustion adjuvant, 22-28% octane enhancing additive and 18-30% phase solubility agent. The invention possesses single allocation and preparing method, which is superior to national 93# gasoline.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the properties-correcting agent technical field that ethanol is modified as clean gasoline, relate in particular to a kind of ethanol modifier and application thereof that can make ethanol as vehicle fuel.
Background technology
Along with the continuous increase of petroleum demand amount and the reality of crude oil shortage problem, the positive emphasis of China is promoted vehicle-use alcohol gasoline, to solve serious day by day energy dilemma.Ethanol is reproducible resource, does not have objectionable impurities to produce in the combustion processes, is a kind of environment-friendly type clean fuel.Available ethanol replenishes or the petroleum-based energy of alternative growing tension, also can protect environment not to be subjected to the harm of vehicle exhaust.But alcohol fuel is compared with fossil fuel and is had a lot of shortcomings: at first, ethanol is low-carbon alcohol, good water solubility, to compare lubricity poor with gasoline, directly as the automobile fuel use cylinder inner wall friction is increased, temperature sharply rises, even the dry combustion method phenomenon occurs, make engine scuffing aggravation, influence engine work-ing life; Next is mostly the ethanol of China is to use fermentative Production, is under the effect of biological enzyme, and starch is transformed saccharogenesis, and is near and be hydrolyzed into the alcoholic acid production technique.In the production process, have the unhydrolysed sugar of part and can not remove fully and mix in ethanol.These sugar are met high temperature meeting caramelize, can deposit in cylinder body in the combustion processes, produce a large amount of carbon distributions; With the passing of time can influence the engine works better.Moreover ethanol can have certain burn into to melt the effect of expanding to plastics, rubber components in the automobile, and the acetate that ethanol burning back forms also can have certain corrosive nature to motor car engine; The alcoholic acid flash-point is apparently higher than gasoline, and cold condition is difficult for igniting down.
Exist various ethanol clean fuels to add alcoholic acid properties-correcting agent at gasoline at present with being used for, but these ethanol clean fuels and properties-correcting agent is not all with the main component of ethanol as vehicle fuel, but with petrochemical industry gasoline as main component, it is formulated to add about 10～30% ethanol.Although this fuel can make the objectionable impuritiess such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon polymer, ketone and benzene class of motor vehicle exhaust reduce in combustion processes, but there is not the influence of radical change environmental pollution, do not have to change dependency yet, can not substitute fossil fuel fully and use as vehicle fuel to petroleum resources.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ethanol modifier and application thereof that can make ethanol under the situation of not adding petrochemical industry gasoline, can be used as clean fuel, and through the ethanol clean gasoline after this ethanol modifier modification.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of ethanol modifier is characterized in that it is formulated by following materials of weight proportions:
Desugar agent 12-17
Emulsifying agent 2-5
Oxidation inhibitor 2-6
Sanitas 2-6
Antiaging agent 3-8
Sanitising agent 1-3
Anti-wear agent 7-10
Ignition dope 12-15
Octane enhancing additive 22-28
Phase solvent 18-30
Wherein desugar agent is one or more in ethyl acetate, Isoamyl Acetate FCC or the ethyl acetate; Emulsifying agent is an alkylphenol polyoxyethylene; Oxidation inhibitor is 2,6-toluene di-tert-butyl phenol or 2, one or more in the 6-tert-butyl phenol; Sanitas is one or more in benzotriazole, benzotriazole derivatives or the alkylamino phosphoric acid ester; Antiaging agent is one or more of phenyl-a-naphthylamine, Phenyl beta naphthylamine; Sanitising agent is one or more in naphthenate, sulfonated petro-leum or the alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) barium; Anti-wear agent is a clorafin; Ignition dope is one or more in zellon or the methylcarbonate; Octane enhancing additive is one or more in methyl tertiary butyl ether, tert amyl methyl ether(TAME) or the isopropyl ether; Phase solvent is one or more in Virahol, isopropylcarbinol, propyl carbinol or the isooctyl alcohol.
Described naphthenate is barium naphthenate or manganese naphthenate; Described sulfonated petro-leum is barium mahogany sulfonate or petroleum sodium sulfonate.
Benzotriazole derivatives is benzotriazole aliphatic amine salt or benzotriazole-formaldehyde-amine condenses (trade name is T551); Alkyl in the alkylamino phosphoric acid ester is octane, nonane or the mixture of the two.
Wherein desugar agent is preferably butylacetate, and emulsifying agent is preferably alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, TX-4; Oxidation inhibitor is preferably 2,6 ditertiary butyl p cresol; Sanitas is preferably benzotriazole, antiaging agent is preferably phenyl-a-naphthylamine, sanitising agent is preferably barium naphthenate, anti-wear agent is preferably clorafin, ignition dope is preferably zellon, octane enhancing additive is preferably methyl tertiary butyl ether, and phase solvent is preferably Virahol, 1: 1 mixing liquid of isopropylcarbinol.
Described alkylphenol polyoxyethylene is TX-4, one or more among TX-7 or the TX-10.
Each component of forming this ethanol modifier all adopts commercial chemicals.
Do not have the pure product of clorafin in the commercially available industrial chemicals, the employing weight content is 52% clorafin among the present invention.
The preparation method of described ethanol modifier puts into phase solvent in the whipping device in proportion, again with solids such as oxidation inhibitor and sanitas, thickness material used device, stirs with 80～1000 rev/mins speed, makes it dissolving, is diluted to homogeneous liquid.
Again other each raw material in the properties-correcting agent is put in the whipping device, mixed, mix, obtain ethanol modifier up to each component with 200～1000 rev/mins stir speed (S.S.)s.
A kind of ethanol clean gasoline, it is formed by ethanol modifier and ethanol configuration, and wherein ethanol modifier and alcoholic acid weight proportion are 1: 4～15.6, and described alcoholic acid weight concentration is 95%-100%.
The preparation method of described ethanol clean gasoline is, by weight ratio ethanol modifier and ethanol added stirred pot, and stirs at normal temperatures and pressures, and stir speed (S.S.) is 200～1000 rev/mins, mixes fully until two components, promptly gets the ethanol clean gasoline.
In the ethanol clean gasoline, desugar agent can be eliminated the contained glucide of ethanol produces carbon distribution in combustion processes problem, and can improve the alcoholic acid combustionproperty; The oxidation inhibitor p-cresol can improve alcoholic acid antioxidant property and stability; Sanitas can weaken the corrosion of ethanol petrol to metalworks such as copper, iron and aluminium; Protective agent, it can reduce swelling, the solarization of ethanol petrol to rubber parts effectively, guarantees the favorable sealing property of each parts; Ignition dope can improve the low-temperature burning performance of ethanol petrol effectively, and the anti-wear agent clorafin can make various components fully dissolve each other, and can also increase the oiliness of ethanol petrol, increases lubricity, reduces the running noises of motor car engine; Octane enhancing additive can improve the octane value of ethanol petrol effectively, avoids pinking, makes ethanol petrol successfully burn, and power increases; Phase solvent is the mixture of high-carbon alcohols, to improve each component blended degree of uniformity; Emulsifying agent selects for use tensio-active agent to have good oil soluble and emulsifying property, can eliminate the influence of macrobead moisture contained in the ethanol to the ethanol combustionproperty.As the main body composition-ethanol of ethanol modification clean gasoline, its purity requirement must be in (weight ratio) more than 95%.
This ethanol modifier can be modified as ethanol the vehicle fuel-ethanol modification clean gasoline of excellent property, and can reach Europe IV emission standard.In one ton of ethanol clean gasoline, the ethanol maximum is 840～940Kg.Use the required equipment of this ethanol modifier preparation ethanol clean gasoline simple, only need each component mixing and stirring of ethanol modifier, put into then in the ethanol, carry out shear agitation through whipping appts and mix, each component thorough mixing of ethanol and ethanol modifier is got final product.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, each component of this ethanol modifier is conventional commercial chemicals, batching and preparation method are simple, need not add gasoline and just ethanol can be modified as automobile-used clean fuel oil, and the ethanol petrol performance of modification is better than GB 93# gasoline standard.The additive that this ethanol modifier can be used as industrial alcohol and bio-ethanol preparation clean fuel for vehicle is widely used.
Embodiment
The invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Get each component of ethanol modifier by following weight proportion:
Butylacetate 15 weight parts
Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene TX-4 3 weight parts
2,6 ditertiary butyl p cresol 3 weight parts
Benzotriazole 3 weight parts
Phenyl-1-naphthylamine 3 weight parts
Barium naphthenate 2 weight parts
Zellon 14 weight parts
Clorafin 8 weight parts
Methyl tertiary butyl ether 26 weight parts
Virahol, isopropylcarbinol mixture 23 weight parts
Wherein the volume ratio of Virahol and isopropylcarbinol is 1: 1 in Virahol, the isopropylcarbinol mixture;
Virahol, isopropylcarbinol are mixed in proportion, drop into whipping device,, stir, make it dissolving, be diluted to homogeneous liquid with 200 rev/mins speed again with solids such as ditertbutylparacresol, benzotriazole, thickness material used device.
Other each raw material in the properties-correcting agent is put in the agitation mixer,, mixed, obtain ethanol modifier up to each component to mix under 800 rev/mins the stir speed (S.S.).
With the ethanol modifier 160kg of embodiment 1 preparation and 840kg concentration is that 95% ethanol is rendered in the agitator, mixes under 600 rev/mins rotating speed, mixes, and obtains modification ethanol clean gasoline.This ethanol clean gasoline is carried out every Performance Detection, and will detect the situation that data and 93# gasoline national standard compare and see Table 1.
Every performance index contrast situation of table 1 ethanol clean fuel and 93# gasoline
| Interventions Requested | 93# gasoline GB parameter | Ethanol clean gasoline assay | The individual event parameter compares to determine | |
| Research octane number (RON) (RON) | Be not less than 93 | 94 | Acceptability limit | |
| Existent gum, mg/100mL | Be not more than 5 | 2 | Acceptability limit | |
| Mechanical impurity and moisture | Do not have | Do not have | Acceptability limit | |
| Water soluble acid or alkali | Do not have | Do not have | Acceptability limit | |
| Sulphur content, % (m/m) | Be not more than 0.08 | 0.04 | Acceptability limit | |
| Boiling range | 10% vaporization temperature, ℃ | Be not higher than 70 | 61 | Acceptability limit |
| 50% vaporization temperature, ℃ | Be not higher than 120 | 74 | Acceptability limit | |
| 90% vaporization temperature, ℃ | Be not higher than 190 | 156 | Acceptability limit | |
| Whole gold-plating point, ℃ | Be not higher than 205 | 180 | Acceptability limit | |
| Residual quantity (V/V), % | Be not more than 2 | 1 | Acceptability limit | |
| Copper corrosion (50 ℃ of 3h), level | Be not more than 1 | 1 | Acceptability limit | |
As can be seen from the above table, every performance index of carrying out the ethanol clean gasoline of modification through this ethanol modifier all reach or are better than the GB standard of 93# gasoline.
The discharge monitoring result is as follows:
The monitoring sample car:
License plate number: Shandong A-M4068 east wind Citreen DC7163SX car,
Engine mumber: 0179242
Accumulative total stroke: 174186km
Discharging CO, HC concentration detected result
Embodiment 2
Take off row component preparation properties-correcting agent by weight:
6 parts of ethyl acetate
8 parts of butylacetates
2.5 parts of 2,6 ditertiary butyl p cresol
2.5 parts of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene TX-7
3.5 parts of benzotriazoles
2 parts of phenyl-1-naphthylamines
2 parts of phenyl-2-naphthylamines
2.5 parts of manganese naphthenates
15 parts of zellons
7 parts of clorafins
23 parts of methyl tertiary butyl ethers
26 parts of propyl carbinol, octanol mixed solutions
Wherein propyl carbinol and octanol volume ratio are 7: 3 in propyl carbinol, the octanol mixed solution.
Octanol, butanols are mixed in proportion, drop into whipping device,, stir, make it dissolving, be diluted to homogeneous liquid with 200 rev/mins speed again with solids such as ditertbutylparacresol, benzotriazole, thickness material used device.
Above-mentioned other each raw materials are put in the agitation mixer, mixed, mix, obtain ethanol modifier up to each component with 800 rev/mins stir speed (S.S.)s.
With 200 kilograms of the properties-correcting agent of example 2 preparation, 95 heavy % ethanol are put into stirred pot for 800 kilograms, stir, the abrasive ethanol petrol of ethanol content 82～～85%.
The characteristics of this routine ethanol petrol are that cold-starting is effective, powerful, and resistance of oxidation is strong, can preserve for a long time.
The detection index of table 2 embodiment 2 ethanol clean fuels
| Test item | 93# gasoline parameter | Detected result | The individual event conclusion |
| Octane value (RON) | ≥93 | 94 | Acceptability limit |
| Existent gum mg/100ml | ≤5 | 1 | Acceptability limit |
| Sulphur content % (M/M) | ≤0.08 | 0.04 | Acceptability limit |
| Copper corrosion (50 ℃ of 3h) | ≤1 | 1a | Acceptability limit |
Embodiment 3
Properties-correcting agent is purchased by following component:
Butylacetate 15 weight parts
Zellon 14 weight parts
Clorafin 8 weight parts
Ditertbutylparacresol 4 weight parts
Benzotriazole 4 weight parts
Phenyl-1-naphthylamine 4 weight parts
Virahol, propyl carbinol mixture 20 weight parts
Methyl tertiary butyl ether 26 weight parts
Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene TX-10 3 weight parts
Manganese naphthenate 2 weight parts
Wherein the volume ratio of Virahol and propyl carbinol is 1: 1 in Virahol, the propyl carbinol mixture.
Virahol, propyl carbinol are mixed in proportion, drop into whipping device,, stir, make it dissolving, be diluted to homogeneous liquid with 200 rev/mins speed with solids such as ditertbutylparacresol, benzotriazole, thickness material used device.
Above-mentioned other each raw materials are put in the agitation mixer,, mixed, obtain ethanol modifier up to each component to mix under 800 rev/mins the stir speed (S.S.).
Get 210 kilograms of above-mentioned properties-correcting agent, 790 kilograms of 95 heavy % ethanol add stirred pot and quickened gradually to stir 10～15 minutes with the speed of 600～800 minutes/commentaries on classics, after mixing, leave standstill 15 minutes, get the ethanol clean gasoline.
This example gained clean fuel superior performance, the octane value height, dynamic performance is good, and low-temperature startup performance is good, and exhaust emission is little.
The detection index of table 3 embodiment 3 ethanol clean fuels
| Test item | 93# gasoline parameter | Detected result | The individual event conclusion |
| Octane value (RON) | ≥93 | 95 | Acceptability limit |
| Existent gum mg/100ml | ≤5 | 1 | Acceptability limit |
| Sulphur content % (M/M) | ≤0.08 | 0.04 | Acceptability limit |
| Copper corrosion (50 ℃ of 3h) | ≤1 | 1a | Acceptability limit |
Embodiment 4
Get raw material by following composition and constitute ethanol modifier:
Butylacetate 14 weight parts
Zellon 12 weight parts
Clorafin 9 weight parts
Toluene di-tert-butyl phenol 5 weight parts
Benzotriazole fatty amine salt 3 weight parts
Phenyl-1-naphthylamine 3 weight parts
Virahol, octanol mixture 22 weight parts
Methyl tertiary butyl ether 25 weight parts
Polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether 4 weight parts
Barium naphthenate 3 weight parts
Wherein the volume ratio of Virahol and octanol is 6: 4 in Virahol, the octanol mixture.
Virahol, octanol are mixed in proportion, drop into whipping device,, stir, make it dissolving, be diluted to homogeneous liquid with 200 rev/mins speed with solid, thickness material used devices such as ditertbutylparacresol, benzotriazole fatty amine salts.
Above-mentioned other each raw materials are put in the agitation mixer, to mix under 800 rev/mins the stir speed (S.S.), mixed up to each component, left standstill 15 minutes, the filtering precipitated impurities gets the clean fuel ethanol modifier.
200 kilograms of the properties-correcting agent that this example is made, 95 heavy % ethanol are inserted in the open tank for 800 kilograms, mix evenly with agitator, static mixer, promptly get alcohol fuel.Ethanol accounts for 81% in this example.
The characteristics of this routine alcohol fuel are: starting performance is good, and fuel combustion is abundant, and powerful has good acceleration, and is applicable to that the vehicle of high compression ratio uses.And exhaust emissions is good, and pollutent is few, can be rated as clean fuel.
The detection index of table 4 embodiment 4 ethanol clean fuels
| Test item | 93# gasoline parameter | Detected result | The individual event conclusion |
| Octane value (RON) | ≥93 | 95 | Acceptability limit |
| Existent gum mg/100ml | ≤5 | 1 | Acceptability limit |
| Sulphur content % (M/M) | ≤0.08 | 0.04 | Acceptability limit |
| Copper corrosion (50 ℃ of 3h) | ≤1 | 1a | Acceptability limit |
| 10% vaporization temperature/℃ | ≤70 | 61 | Acceptability limit |
| 50% vaporization temperature ℃ | ≤120 | 74 | Acceptability limit |
| 90% vaporization temperature ℃ | ≤190 | 156 | Acceptability limit |
| Final boiling point ℃ | ≤210 | 180 | Acceptability limit |
Claims (7)
1. ethanol modifier is characterized in that it is formulated by following materials of weight proportions:
Desugar agent 12-17
Emulsifying agent 2-5
Oxidation inhibitor 2-6
Sanitas 2-6
Antiaging agent 3-8
Sanitising agent 1-3
Anti-wear agent 7-10
Ignition dope 12-15
Octane enhancing additive 22-28
Phase solvent 18-30
Wherein desugar agent is one or more in ethyl acetate, Isoamyl Acetate FCC or the ethyl acetate; Emulsifying agent is an alkylphenol polyoxyethylene; Oxidation inhibitor is 2,6 ditertiary butyl p cresol or 2, one or more in the 6-tert-butyl phenol; Sanitas is one or more in benzotriazole, benzotriazole derivatives or the alkylamino phosphoric acid ester; Antiaging agent is one or both in phenyl-a-naphthylamine, the Phenyl beta naphthylamine; Sanitising agent is one or more in naphthenate, sulfonated petro-leum or the alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) barium; Anti-wear agent is a clorafin; Ignition dope is one or both in zellon or the methylcarbonate; Octane enhancing additive is one or more in methyl tertiary butyl ether, tert amyl methyl ether(TAME) or the isopropyl ether; Phase solvent is one or more in Virahol, isopropylcarbinol, propyl carbinol or the isooctyl alcohol.
2. the described a kind of ethanol modifier of claim 1, wherein said naphthenate is barium naphthenate or manganese naphthenate; Described sulfonated petro-leum is barium mahogany sulfonate or petroleum sodium sulfonate.
3. the described a kind of ethanol modifier of claim 1, wherein said desugar agent is an ethyl acetate, and emulsifying agent is an alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, and oxidation inhibitor is 2,6 ditertiary butyl p cresol; Sanitas is a benzotriazole, and antiaging agent is a phenyl-a-naphthylamine, and sanitising agent is a barium naphthenate, and anti-wear agent is a clorafin, and ignition dope is a zellon, and octane enhancing additive is a methyl tertiary butyl ether.
4. the described a kind of ethanol modifier of claim 1-3, wherein said alkylphenol polyoxyethylene is TX-4, one or more among TX-7 or the TX-10.
5. the preparation method of the described ethanol modifier of claim 1-3, put into phase solvent in the whipping device in proportion, with solids such as oxidation inhibitor and sanitas, thickness material used device, stir again, make it dissolving, be diluted to homogeneous liquid with 80～1000 rev/mins speed.
Again other each raw material in the properties-correcting agent is put in the whipping device, mixed, mix, obtain ethanol modifier up to each component with 200～1000 rev/mins stir speed (S.S.)s.
6. ethanol clean gasoline, it is formed by described ethanol modifier of claim 1-3 and ethanol configuration, and wherein ethanol modifier and alcoholic acid weight proportion are 1: 4～15.6, and described alcoholic acid weight concentration is 95%-100%.
7. the preparation method of the described ethanol clean gasoline of claim 5, by weight ratio ethanol modifier and ethanol are added stirred pot, and stir at normal temperatures and pressures, stir speed (S.S.) is 200～1000 rev/mins, mix fully until two components, promptly get the ethanol clean gasoline.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101123076A CN100469859C (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2006-08-31 | A kind of ethanol modifier and application thereof |
| US11/848,388 US20080098643A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2007-08-31 | Ethanol modifier and its application |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101123076A CN100469859C (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2006-08-31 | A kind of ethanol modifier and application thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1923978A true CN1923978A (en) | 2007-03-07 |
| CN100469859C CN100469859C (en) | 2009-03-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101123076A Expired - Fee Related CN100469859C (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2006-08-31 | A kind of ethanol modifier and application thereof |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080098643A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100469859C (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101225331A (en) * | 2008-02-14 | 2008-07-23 | 李宇翔 | Environment-protection energy-saving methanol/ethanol gasoline modifier |
| CN103122263A (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2013-05-29 | 秦如新 | Fuel additive and clean low-carbon fuel with same |
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| CN106221828A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2016-12-14 | 广西东奇能源技术有限公司 | A kind of multifunctional fuel |
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| CN109536220A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-03-29 | 湖南红宝科技开发有限公司 | A kind of ethanol petrol and preparation method thereof |
| CN112694923A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-04-23 | 泰奥星（天津）有限公司 | Ethanol gasoline cleaning protective agent |
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Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5464549A (en) * | 1991-12-12 | 1995-11-07 | Ethyl Corporation | Oil soluble dispersants suitable for use in fuels and lubricants |
| US20050044778A1 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 2005-03-03 | Orr William C. | Fuel compositions employing catalyst combustion structure |
| US6761745B2 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2004-07-13 | Angelica Hull | Method of reducing the vapor pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines |
| US20060201056A1 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2006-09-14 | Oryxe Energy International, Inc. | Biodiesel fuel additive |
| GB2400859B (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2006-01-25 | Indian Oil Corp Ltd | A fuel additive compositions for stabilising blends of ethanol and a hydrocarbon |
| US20080086935A1 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-17 | Lawrence J Cunningham | Method and compositions for reducing corrosion in engines combusting ethanol-containing fuels |
-
2006
- 2006-08-31 CN CNB2006101123076A patent/CN100469859C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-08-31 US US11/848,388 patent/US20080098643A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20080098643A1 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
| CN100469859C (en) | 2009-03-18 |
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