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CN1910430A - 对加速度计及与其相关的改进 - Google Patents

对加速度计及与其相关的改进 Download PDF

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CN1910430A
CN1910430A CNA2005800025281A CN200580002528A CN1910430A CN 1910430 A CN1910430 A CN 1910430A CN A2005800025281 A CNA2005800025281 A CN A2005800025281A CN 200580002528 A CN200580002528 A CN 200580002528A CN 1910430 A CN1910430 A CN 1910430A
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cylinder
seismic mass
accelerometer
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optical fiber
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CN100491937C (zh
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R·I·克里克穆尔
D·J·希尔
J·P·F·沃勒
P·J·托马斯
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01HMEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G01H9/004Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
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    • G01P15/08Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
    • G01P15/093Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by photoelectric pick-up
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/16Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
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    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0128Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, elasto-optic effects
    • G02F1/0131Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, elasto-optic effects based on photo-elastic effects, e.g. mechanically induced birefringence
    • G02F1/0134Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, elasto-optic effects based on photo-elastic effects, e.g. mechanically induced birefringence in optical waveguides

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Abstract

描述了一种具体用于干涉仪(30)的光纤加速度计(1)。该加速度计(1)利用顺应圆柱体实现,而通过在圆柱体(7)中核心处提供地震质量(13),这引起改进的灵敏度且拒绝轴外输入。

Description

对加速度计及与其相关的改进
本发明涉及加速度计,具体涉及用于干涉仪中的光纤加速度计。
在诸如安全、地震勘测和机械的状态监控等等之类领域中监控极低程度的振动的需要刺激了更敏感加速度计的发展。以基于干涉仪技术的光纤加速度计的形式,光纤技术已经被应用至这个具体领域中。实现光纤加速度计设计的顺应圆柱体在被结合进这样的干涉计中时尤其有效果。在一种已知方案中,通过两个顺应圆柱体适当地固定地震质量,并且围绕各个圆柱体的圆周有缠绕的单模光纤,该单模光纤形成干涉仪的臂。在另一方案中,如图1中所示加载有地震质量4的单个顺应圆柱体2被在圆周上缠绕有光纤6。
尽管上述方案已经被接受,但仍有必要在目前获得的之上进一步增加加速度计的灵敏度,尤其在部件尺寸上没有任何增加的情况下实现这些。本发明寻求提高光纤缠绕顺应圆柱体加速度计的灵敏度,同时寻求避免额外的成本和结构的复杂性。
因此,依据本发明的一个方面,提供一种光纤加速度计,该加速度计包括共轴约束在顺应材料的圆柱体内的地震质量(seismic mass),该圆柱体被在圆周上缠绕有光纤。
优选地,加速度计被安装在可能或实际上不可能为平台或结构的整个部分的板上,在该板上配置该加速度计。便利地,拉紧部件将加速度计束缚在该板上。该拉紧部件可以是螺栓或其它众所周知的拉紧元件。同样地,该拉紧部件可以由作用在加速度计上的围栏或罐提供。有利地,拉紧部件经由顺应材料垫圈作用在加速度计上,同时刚性支撑环被内插在板和圆柱体之间,以确保相对运动是可能的。
将会认识到,用于圆柱体的合适的顺应材料将具有相对低的杨氏模数,但具有接近0.5的泊松比,以使从圆周绕组产生的加速度计的硬度比圆柱体自身硬。因此,对于作用在圆柱体上的具体作用力,在纤维中感应的张力及因此的加速度计的灵敏度更大。此外,通过将地震质量共轴约束在圆柱体内,出现在圆柱体的现有技术设备中以扣住或相反不利地响应于正交圆柱体轴的加速的趋势被限制。有利地,这导致结合该加速度计的设备的改进的性能,在该加速度计中单轴中的灵敏度是极其重要的。
将会进一步认识到,通过减少圆柱体的壁厚,可以更进一步地增加加速度计的灵敏度。现有技术设备迄今为止寻求通过增加地震质量和/或支撑地震质量的圆柱体的高度来增加灵敏度。然而,增加想要的灵敏度的两种方法还可能具有上面提到的对正交加速度的增加的灵敏度的问题,并且将导致增加的加速度计尺寸。在使元件小型化的趋势下,本发明有助于对给定容积和质量的现有技术设备提供改进的性能。
本发明还涉及所述装置操作的方法,以及包括用于实现该装置的每一功能的方法步骤。
具体地,依据本发明的另一方面,提供一种测量加速度的方法,该方法包括提供共轴约束在顺应材料的圆柱体内的地震质量,该圆柱体被在圆周上缠绕有光纤,地震质量的轴向布置使圆柱体变形以使改变在光纤中感应的应力。
还提供一种测量加速度的方法,该方法包括提供共轴约束在顺应材料的第一和第二圆柱体内的地震质量,各个圆柱体被在圆周上缠绕有光纤,地震质量的轴向布置使各个圆柱体变形以使改变在各自光纤中感应的应力。
如对于本领域技术人员应当清楚的是,优选特征可以被适当地组合,以及可以与本发明的各方面相组合。
为了有助于理解本发明,现在通过例子且参考附图来描述具体实施例,其中:
图1是现有技术光纤加速度计的横截面侧视图;
图2是依据本发明的第一光纤加速度计的横截面侧视图;
图3是结合图2的加速度计的光学干涉仪的示意图;以及
图4是依据本发明的第二光纤加速度计的横截面侧视图。
现参考图2,使用刚性支撑环5将光纤加速度计1安装在基板3上。环5可被形成为基板3中的突起,或许更方便地,它可被提供为分离部件,从而允许不同尺寸的加速度计1被安装在基板3上。基板3自身由刚性材料制造,通常为钢铁,尽管其它金属和组分可以推荐给本领域技术人员。另外,应当理解,在整个说明书中对基板的参考还被用于将加速度计的直接安装围绕成平台或其他结构。
支撑环5与顺应圆柱体部件7的第一端面相接触。该圆柱体部件具有相对薄的壁9和共轴空间11,以使地震质量13可被容纳在其中。顺应圆柱体部件7由具有相对低的杨氏模数的材料形成,以使它能够在轴向上低值的载荷作用下变形。典型地,橡胶或类似橡胶的材料可以被利用。这种材料还具有接近最大0.5的泊松比,意味着在圆柱体7中可以发生轴向应力向圆周应力的有效转移。理想地,圆柱体的内表面和地震质量的外表面被成形,以阻止圆柱体在圆柱体的轴向压力下向内变形。
通过以固定至基板3的螺栓15形式的拉紧部件,地震质量13被固定。尽管在未说明的实施例中由围栏或罐提供拉紧部件,但是其他形式的拉紧部件对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。螺栓15经由弹性件承受地震质量13,该弹性件大多数易于由橡胶或类似橡胶的材料的垫17提供。该地震质量13自身是这样被成形的:通常圆盘形状的部分19承受顺应圆柱体部件7的第二端面21。在使用中,作用在地震质量13上的加速度力引起耦合至圆柱体部件7的位移。在没有拉紧部件15的情况下,将没有对圆柱体部件7的位移的耦合,其中对加速度的感知是促使圆盘形状的部分19与第二端面21相脱离。实施中,拉紧部件15使圆柱体部件7预加载初始位移。根据期望的加速度的范围,预加载可通过改变由拉紧部件15提供的拉紧程度而变化。
圆柱体部件7被缠绕有光纤23的长度。该绕组可以是单层的或是多层的。光纤23围绕圆柱体7的外表面25缠绕,并且可机械地、粘接地被固定,或者通过另外或技术的组合来确保尽可能完全地使在光纤23和圆柱体表面25之间的滑移的可能性为最小。
将被理解的是,光纤23将圆柱体部件7约束在圆周变形上,从而在光纤23中产生环形应力度。该环形应力改变光纤23的物理特性,以使通过将加速度计结合在光干涉仪(图3)中的一个臂中,可以确定与作用在加速度计1上的与加速度成比例的应力值。
在该结构中,通过地震质量的位移对顺应圆柱体的压缩有效地增加了光纤的应力;反之,顺应圆柱体的膨胀减少了光纤中的应力。
图3示出作为用于确定加速度的光纤干涉仪30的部件的加速度计1。在该实施例中,提供了激光源31、耦合器32,耦合光纤缆的两臂33、34,以及至显示器35的输出。臂之一33容纳加速度计1,而另一臂34包含偏振校正器36。这样的干涉仪30的操作将对于本领域技术人员是清楚的,正是本领域技术人员将会认识到这种干涉仪完全是说明性的,并且本发明的加速度计可以被配置在许多干涉仪应用主机中。
尽管本领域技术人员将会认识到由上述实施例所施加的在抵抗离轴加速度影响的改进,也可以采取进一步步骤以最小化这种输入的不利影响。因此,可以在拉紧部件和地震质量之间添加薄片,以抵抗轴外的输入,同时保持轴上的灵敏度。
现参考图4,在另一实施例中,地震质量11共轴位于顺应材料的两个分离圆柱体2,6内。各个圆柱体由分离长度的光纤4和7所围绕。最靠近传感器的中心的两个顺应圆柱体的端面各个搁置在支撑部件上(在这种情况中,以从质量的圆周突起的形式),该支撑部件从地震质量19向外伸展。尽管在所示的实施例中,支撑在各个圆柱体的一端的单个支撑件被示出,但清楚的是可以采用两个分离支撑部件以支撑各个各自的顺应圆柱体。实质上支撑部件在该质量的圆周周围在形式上不是严格一致的,只要它充分将该质量的轴向位移的影响传递给各个顺应圆柱体。各个顺应圆柱体的相对端与分离支撑环(或者更一般的是末端支撑件)5相接触,该分离支撑环均被自身连接至两末端板3,其中之一位于加速度计的两端中的任何一端。拉紧设备15被用于一起拉动该两末端板,以使在加速度计是固定时,两个顺应圆柱体处于压缩状态。在该图中,虽然拉紧设备被以螺栓15的形式示出,但是如先前所解释的,它还可以采用其他形式。
如将由本领域技术人员认识到的,在一轴向的加速度将增加在一顺应圆柱体上的轴向压缩,并且减少在另一圆柱体上的轴向压缩,从而在两个光纤线圈4、7中感应的效果在幅度上相等但是在感知上相反。如将由本领域技术人员再次认识到的,如果两个光纤线圈被用于图3中干涉仪的两个不同臂33和34,则在两个线圈中的变化将被相加,因此该加速度计的灵敏度将为两倍于单线圈被用于干涉仪中一个臂中的情况。该实施例还具有的优点在于:如果该加速度计经历与轴成正交的加速,如果他们被用于干涉仪的分离臂中,则在两光纤线圈中感应的任意信号将趋于抵消。
如在先前的实施例中,在该结构中,通过地震质量的位移的顺应圆柱体的压缩有效地增加了缠绕在该圆柱体周围的光纤中的应力;反之,降低施加至顺应圆柱体的压缩减少了光纤中的应力。注意到,尽管可便于使地震质量且包围顺应圆柱体具有基本上圆形的横截面,但对于该装置的操作并不重要,其他横截面同样可以,例如包括卵形。
在不损失所寻求的效果的情况下,给定的任何范围或设备值可以扩展或更改,如用于理解这里的技术,本领域技术人员将是清楚的。

Claims (19)

1、一种光纤加速度计,其包括共轴约束在顺应材料的圆柱体内的地震质量,该圆柱体在圆周上缠绕有光纤。
2、依据任一前述权利要求的加速度计,其中通过地震质量的圆柱体压缩增加光纤中的应力。
3、依据任一前述权利要求的加速度计,其中地震质量在顶上安装有盘形部分。
4、依据任一前述权利要求的加速度计,其中使用拉紧部件将地震质量固定至基板。
5、依据权利要求4的加速度计,其中在圆柱体和基板之间设置间隔物。
6、依据权利要求5的加速度计,其中该间隔物与该基板整体结合。
7、依据任一前述权利要求的加速度计,其中光纤被以单层缠绕。
8、依据任一前述权利要求的加速度计,其中该基板与平台或结构整体结合。
9、依据任一前述权利要求的加速度计,其中地震质量被共轴约束在顺应材料的第一和第二圆柱体内,各个圆柱体在圆周上缠绕有光纤。
10、依据权利要求9的加速度计,其中地震质量包括第一圆周定位的支撑部件,该第一圆周定位的支撑部件在操作中被布置以支撑在至少一个顺应圆柱体的末端。
11、依据权利要求10的加速度计,其中第一圆周定位的支撑部件在操作中被布置以支撑在两个顺应圆柱体的各自末端。
12、依据权利要求10的加速度计,包括第二圆周定位的支撑部件,该第二圆周定位的支撑部件在操作中被布置以支撑在第二个顺应圆柱体的末端。
13、依据任一前述权利要求的加速度计,其中地震质量的外表面和一个或多个顺应圆柱体的内表面被成形,以在轴向压缩的情况下防止一个或多个圆柱休向内变形。
14、一种光纤干涉仪,其包括依据任一前述权利要求的加速度计。
15、一种测量加速度的方法,其包括被共轴约束在顺应材料的圆柱体内的地震质量,该圆柱体被在圆周上缠绕有光纤,地震质量的轴向位移使该圆柱体变形,以改变在光纤中感应的应力。
16、一种测量加速度的方法,其包括提供被共轴约束在顺应材料的第一和第二圆柱体内的地震质量,各个圆柱体被在圆周上缠绕有光纤,地震质量的轴向位移使各个圆柱体变形,以改变在各自光纤中感应的应力。
17、依据权利要求15-16中之任一的方法,其中通过地震质量的各个圆柱休的压缩增加在各自光纤中的应力。
18、一种基本上如在这里参考附图描述的光纤加速度计。
19、一种基本上如在这里参考附图描述的光学干涉仪。
CNB2005800025281A 2004-01-17 2005-01-12 对加速度计及与其相关的改进 Expired - Fee Related CN100491937C (zh)

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CN107389978A (zh) * 2017-09-08 2017-11-24 北京大学 一种弱反射布拉格光栅加速度计及其传感方法
CN107389978B (zh) * 2017-09-08 2020-02-11 北京大学 一种弱反射布拉格光栅加速度计及其传感方法
CN108344880A (zh) * 2018-02-13 2018-07-31 北京大学 一种不等臂长迈克尔逊光纤加速度计及其传感方法
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US20080229825A1 (en) 2008-09-25
NO332098B1 (no) 2012-06-18
JP2007519901A (ja) 2007-07-19
EP1704394A1 (en) 2006-09-27
ATE385312T1 (de) 2008-02-15
WO2005068950A1 (en) 2005-07-28
DE602005004600D1 (zh) 2008-03-20
DE602005004600T2 (de) 2008-05-21
NO20063264L (no) 2006-08-17
CN100491937C (zh) 2009-05-27
EP1704394B1 (en) 2008-01-30
GB0401053D0 (en) 2004-02-18

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