CN1959434A - Multibeam ultrasonic fish detector - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-beam ultrasonic fish finder, the structure of which includes a water extension, a transducer array and a transceiver switch; wherein, the water extension is mainly composed of an industrial computer, a signal generation system, a signal transmission system, a signal conditioning system, and a signal acquisition system. It is composed of a processing system, a display and a memory; it uses a multi-channel transducer array to increase the strength of the received echo, and can obtain richer and more accurate fish and seabed topography, landform and other information, improving the accuracy and work efficiency of fishing , and improved the ability to guarantee the safety of navigation with the ship. It can be widely used in fishery development, resource survey and other detection tasks of oceans and inland lakes and rivers.

Description

Multi-beam ultrasonic fish finder

technical field

The invention relates to a multi-beam ultrasonic fish finder for efficient acquisition of wide-fan fish school information.

Background technique

In fishery development, in order to reduce the blindness of fishing and improve economic benefits, basically all large, medium and small fishing boats are generally equipped with fish finder equipment. At present, the information, patents and products about fish finders that can be found at home and abroad basically involve the design and application of vertical single-beam fish finders. The appearance of this prototype fish finder, which was born in the 1950s, once brought a revolution to the world's marine fisheries, but in the 21st century, which is more dependent on marine fisheries, their defects and shortcomings have become increasingly apparent.

The working principle of the vertical single-beam fish finder is as follows: it uses a single beam to transmit ultrasonic waves directly below the fishing boat, and then receives fish and seabed echoes with a single beam, so as to judge the presence, size and type of fish, and can Attached is the depth information and landform information of the seabed. In order to increase the detection range of the vertical single-beam fish finder and reduce the detection blind area, a very wide detection beam (usually up to ±40°) is required, and in order to achieve a longer detection distance, a high transmission power is required , the two are a contradiction; the single-beam fish finder also has a defect: it cannot distinguish the thickness and width of the fish school, which brings difficulties to the net fishing; and, using the single-beam fish finder equipment, in order to improve the detection The probability of fish schools must also be reduced, and the search interval of fishing boats must be reduced. This low fish detection efficiency directly leads to the increase of fishery development costs. The limitations of these three aspects determine that the vertical single-beam fish finder is no longer suitable for the urgent demand for efficient acquisition of fish school information in a wide sector required by the current marine fishery development.

my country is a large ocean country, and the rich fish resources in the ocean are an important pillar to meet the needs of our people's lives and to develop the economy. However, my country is not a strong fishery country, and the average annual fishery output is quite different from that of Japan, the United States, and Norway, which are powerful fishery countries. Its reason is except the unplanned nature of my country's fishery resource fishing, not scientific enough, and the most important reason is exactly that my country's fishing equipment is backward. According to the daily magazine "MINATO", in 2005 Furuno Electric Company of Japan had developed a fish finder (FCV-30) that could accurately measure the body length of fish. Due to the involvement of commercial secrets, it was difficult to obtain its related technology and implementation details. The successful development of this fish finder will make it possible to select resources such as catching big fish, and can be flexibly applied to various aspects such as marine resource investigation for the purpose of fishery management. According to articles published in domestic authoritative journals such as "Chinese Fishery Science" and "Journal of Fisheries Science", in recent years, fishing boats equipped with the above-mentioned advanced fishing aid equipment in neighboring countries of our country have frequently gone deep into traditional fishing grounds in our country, adopting fast detection, fast catching, and fast fishing. The strategy of finishing and running has seriously affected my country's fishery production. The phenomenon that our country's backward-equipped fishing boats fish behind foreign fishing boats from time to time also reflects the backwardness of the existing single-beam fish finder technology and equipment of our country's fishing boats from another aspect. If the fish finder is compared to the eyes of the fishing boat produced at sea, the high-performance fish finder enables the fishing boat to bring a telescope and a microscope. It can not only detect whether there are fish, but also have the ability to correctly judge the width and thickness of the fish school, and The function of identifying the size and species of fish is one of the most important equipment related to whether my country's fishery production can have a good harvest. Due to the high price of imported foreign high-performance fish finders, various objective facts clearly show that my country's fishery production, breeding, and investigation have a strong demand for advanced fish finder technology and equipment with independent intellectual property rights.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-beam ultrasonic fish finder for low-cost and high-efficiency development of marine fisheries, which uses a multi-channel transducer array to improve the intensity of received echoes; solves the problem of correcting the width and thickness of fish schools Judging the problem greatly improves the fishing accuracy; it also increases the single-time search range of the fishing boat and greatly improves the fishing efficiency; due to the multi-beam forming function, the ability to obtain seabed topographic information is also much stronger than the traditional The unique single-beam fish finder has further improved the ability to guarantee the safety of fishing boats.

The system composition of the multi-beam ultrasonic fish finder of the present invention includes: a water extension unit (1), a transducer array (2) and a transceiver switch (21).

The water extension (1) controls the operation of the entire system, real-time display and storage of information. It is based on an embedded industrial computer (3), combined with a signal generation system (4), a signal transmission system (5), a signal conditioning system (6), a signal acquisition and processing system (7), and a display (8) and memory (9). Wherein, the industrial computer (3), the signal generating system (4), the signal transmitting system (5) and the transceiver switch (21) are connected by electrical signals in sequence; the transceiver switch (21) is connected with the signal conditioning system (6), the signal acquisition and The processing system (7), the industrial computer (3), and the memory (9) are sequentially connected by electric signals; the electric signal is connected between the industrial computer (3) and the display (8); the transceiver switch (21) and the transducer array (2 ) are electrically connected to each other.

The transducer array (2) is a uniform linear array composed of equidistant multi-channel transducers, and the number of channels depends on the requirements of the detection index. Combined with the transceiver switch (21), when transmitting the detection signal, the electrical signal is converted into an acoustic wave for emission, and when the target echo is received, the acoustic signal is converted into an electrical signal and transmitted to the water extension (1).

The task of the signal generating system (4) is to receive the working parameters and control commands of the embedded industrial computer (3), and generate detection pulse waveforms, and its composition includes: DSP digital signal processor (10), PCI interface controller (11) , FLASH flash memory (12), memory (13), digital-to-analog converter (14) and waveform shaper (15). Wherein, the PCI interface controller (11), DSP (10), digital-to-analog converter (14) and waveform shaper (15) are connected with electrical signals in turn; between FLASH (12), DSP (10) and memory (13) Electrical signal connection in turn.

The signal transmission system (5) completes the power amplification and transmission of the detection pulse signal, and is composed of a power amplifier (16) connected with electrical signals in sequence and an impedance matcher (17) for matching with the transducer array (2).

The signal conditioning system (6) completes the conditioning of the multi-channel target echo obtained by the transducer array (2), and consists of an analog pre-processing amplifier (18), a post-amplifier (19) and a band pass filter (20).

The task of the signal acquisition and processing system (7) is to complete the acquisition and processing of the signals sent by the signal conditioning system (6), receive the control commands given by the embedded industrial computer (3), load the system in real time, generate and coordinate the entire system Working synchronous signal, obtaining information such as underwater fish school, seabed topography and landform, its composition includes: PCI interface controller (22), high-speed memory (23), bus interface (24), system central logic controller (25) , analog-to-digital converter (26), digital-to-analog converter (27), multiplier-to-analog converter (28), DSP (29), a DSP group (30) comprising 2 DSPs, a DSP group comprising 3 DSPs ( 31), and a FLASH group (32) including 6 slices and 6 DSPs in one-to-one correspondence. Wherein, the PCI interface controller (22) is connected with the system central logic controller (25), the bus interface (24), and the high-speed memory (23) successively with electrical signals; the PCI interface controller (22) is connected with the DSP (29) , DSP group (30), and DSP group (31) are connected by electric signals in turn; FLASH group (32) is connected with DSP (29), DSP group (30), and DSP group (31) by electric signals; (29) are respectively connected with electrical signals between the bus interface (24), the analog-to-digital converter (26), the digital-to-analog converter (27), and the multiplier-to-analog converter (28).

The functions of each part are explained as follows:

The system running on the embedded industrial computer (3) displays the control software in real time, and uses the mouse or keyboard to input working parameters and control commands to the DSP (10) and signal acquisition and processing on the signal generation system (4) respectively through the PCI bus DSP (30) on the system (7), control command includes: start command, pause command, stop command, and operating parameter includes: pulse length, transmission power level, detection cycle; Can also display in real time from the data acquisition and processing system (7 ) information such as fish schools, seabed topography, and landforms transmitted. And store these information in memory (13).

The DSP (29) is responsible for receiving the control commands and working parameters transmitted by the embedded industrial computer (3), generating sampling pulses, and controlling the post-amplifier (19) in the signal conditioning system (6) through the multiplier-to-analog converter (28) , control signal acquisition and processing system (7): carry out echo signal acquisition through analog-to-digital converter (26), control digital-to-analog converter (27) real-time monitoring echo signal quality and analog-to-digital converter working status, control signal conversion The DSP group (30) transforms and processes the original acquisition signal, and controls the information calculation. The DSP group (31) performs the calculation of information such as fish schools, seabed topography and landform, and the central logic controller of the control system (25) generates system synchronization signals. The original acquisition signal is stored to the high-speed memory (23) through the bus interface (24). The respective data, algorithms and programs of DSP (29), DSP group (30), and DSP group (31) are stored in respective corresponding FLASH groups (32).

The central logic controller (25) of the system provides the synchronous signal of the system, generates various timing combination logics required for data transmission on the signal acquisition and processing system (7) and storage of original data to the high-speed memory (23), and generates industrial control The machine (3) accesses the read-write logic of the high-speed memory (23) through the PCI interface controller (22).

The bus interface (24) not only completes the signal switching for the embedded industrial computer (3) and the DSP (29) to access the high-speed memory (13), avoids bus conflicts, but also completes the driving of the bus signals.

The DSP (10) receives the command control code transmitted from the embedded industrial computer (3) to the signal generation system (4) through the PCI interface controller (11), performs corresponding decoding to obtain the command control command, performs real-time calculation of the corresponding detection signal and Store in high-speed memory (13), receive the system synchronous signal from the central logic controller (25) on the signal acquisition and processing system (7), and the signal generation algorithm of operation in DSP (10) is stored in FLASH (12) middle. The signal that produces is the single-frequency fill pulse signal of 200 kilohertz, transmits to waveform shaper (15) and carries out shaping processing such as filtering, carries out power amplification through power amplifier (16) then, in power amplifier (16) and transducer array There is an impedance matching device (17) between (2), and its function is to use the matching inductance to match the transducer array (2) well, so as to obtain higher electro-acoustic conversion efficiency.

The analog preprocessing amplifier (18) in the signal conditioning system (6) has high input impedance, low output impedance and very high gain-bandwidth product, and also has extremely low noise, through the front-end matching resistance and the transducer array ( 2) Impedance matching is performed to receive target echo signals without distortion.

On the one hand, the post amplifier (19) further amplifies the signal (magnification factor is adjustable) to meet the requirements of the total amplification of the system; The frequency band is convenient for further collection and processing.

The band-pass filter (20) is an active second-order band-pass filter constructed by an operational amplifier, and has small fluctuations in the signal receiving frequency band, and the rejection ratio inside and outside the pass band reaches 40dB.

The transceiver array (2) is formed by splicing 8 narrow ceramic wafers. Form 8°×60° transmit directivity, and 8°×2.5° receive directivity.

The working principle of the present invention is:

The multi-beam ultrasonic fish finder is installed on the surface fishing boat, and the transducer array (2) is located underwater. When the fishing boat starts to search for fish schools in the operating sea area, the multi-beam ultrasonic fish finder starts to work in an active manner. Turn on the power of the system, set the working parameters of the system through the display control software according to the general situation of the operating sea area, load them into the system, and then start the system to start working. The signal generating system (4) generates a CW pulse with a frequency of 200 kHz, which is amplified by the signal transmitting system (5), and the electrical signal is converted into an acoustic signal by the transducer array (2) and transmitted to the water, and the emitted sound wave Reflected (scattered) by the target, the transducer array (2) converts the received acoustic signal into an electrical signal, which is sent to the signal conditioning system (6), and then the conditioned signal is sent to the signal acquisition and processing system (7 ) to collect and process, so as to obtain information such as fish schools, seabed topography and landforms within the detection range, and transmit them to the industrial computer (3) via the PCI bus, and display various information observed in real time on the display (8). At the same time, these information are stored in memory (9).

The invention has the advantages of being able to obtain richer and more accurate information on fish schools, seabed topography and landform, etc., and improving the spatial resolution capability of the fish finder system. It can be widely used in ocean or inland lake fishery development, fishery resources census and bathymetry and other detection tasks.

Description of drawings

Fig.1 Structural block diagram of multi-beam ultrasonic fish finder

Fig. 2 Subsystem structure block diagram of multi-beam ultrasonic fish finder

Figure 3 The circuit schematic diagram of the signal acquisition and processing system of the multi-beam ultrasonic fish finder

Detailed ways

The transducer array (2) of the invention is installed below the keel of the ship or on the side of the ship. In order to ensure the detection effect, when installing, the central axis of the transducer array (2) should be parallel to the water surface as much as possible. In consideration of reducing navigation noise (mechanical conduction noise and propeller noise), reducing or avoiding the air bubble layer, etc., the transducer array (2) should try to choose the place where the water splash is the least and the turbulence and swaying range of the ship are the smallest when the ship is sailing. , generally one-third to two-fifths away from the bow, and the draft should not exceed the depth of the keel. In order to cover a larger detection area with a beam width of 8° in the sailing direction, and to allow more preparation time for net fishing, the base array is placed at an acute angle to the horizontal plane, pointing to the direction of the ship. What DSP (10) adopted was the TMS320VC5416-160MHz of U.S. TI Company, what PCI interface controller (11) adopted was the PCI2040 of TI Company, what digital-to-analog converter (14) adopted was the AD7945 of AD Company, and the analog preprocessing amplifier ( 18) What adopted was the AD8066 of AD Company, what the PCI interface controller (22) adopted was the S5933 of AMCC Company, what the bus interface (24) adopted was the SN74LVTH16245 of TI Company, and what the system central logic controller (25) adopted was ALTERA The EPM3512 of the company, what the analog-to-digital converter (26) selected for use is the AD7865 of the AD company, and what the FLASH group (32) adopted is the AT25F1024 of the ATMEL company.

After the system is powered on by 220V AC or 48V DC, the signal generation system (4) and the signal acquisition and processing system (7) respectively guide the program, enter the standby state, and start the display control software in the water extension (1) for parameter setting . The emission sound power (standard, strong) can be adjusted in two levels, the detection pulse length (0.25ms, 0.5ms, 1ms, 2ms) can be adjusted in four levels, and the detection period (0.25s, 0.5s, 1s, 2s) can be adjusted in four levels.

After completing the setting of the working parameters, press the start command to start the multi-beam ultrasonic fish finder to work. The working process is as follows: the signal generating system (4) generates corresponding detection signals according to the set working parameters, and the signal transmitting system (5) generates a corresponding detection signal through the signal transmitting system (5). power is emitted. The signal conditioning system (6) starts to receive after the detection signal of the signal transmitting system (5) has been transmitted. Simultaneously, the signal acquisition and processing system (7) starts to collect, then sends to the DSP group (31) of information solution such as acquisition control DSP (29), signal transformation DSP group (30), seabed topography and landform and carries out information processing, solves Calculate and obtain information such as school of fish, seabed topography, landform, transmit to embedded industrial computer (3) through PCI interface controller (22), and show on display (8), store memory (9) simultaneously.

The invention has the advantages of being able to obtain richer and more accurate information on fish schools, seabed topography and landform, etc., and improving the spatial resolution capability of the fish finder system. It can be widely used in ocean or inland lake fishery development, fishery resources census and bathymetry and other detection tasks.

Claims (6)

1. A multi-beam ultrasonic fish finder, its structure comprises substation (1), transducer array (2) and transceiver switch (21) on water, it is characterized in that substation (1) on water consists of industrial computer (3), Signal generation system (4), signal transmission system (5), signal conditioning system (6), signal acquisition and processing system (7), display (8) and memory (9); among them, industrial computer (3), signal The generating system (4), the signal transmitting system (5) and the transmitting and receiving switch (21) are sequentially connected by electrical signals; the transmitting and receiving switch (21) is connected with the signal conditioning system (6), the signal acquisition and processing system (7), and the industrial computer ( 3), the memory (9) is sequentially connected with electrical signals; the industrial computer (3) is connected with the display (8) with electrical signals; the transceiver switch (21) is connected with the transducer array (2) with electrical signals. 2. multi-beam ultrasonic fish finder as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that signal generating system (4) is made of DSP digital signal processor (10), PCI interface controller (11), FLASH flash memory (12), memory (13), digital-to-analog converter (14) and wave shaper (15) form; Wherein, PCI interface controller (11), DSP (10), digital-to-analog converter (14) and wave shaper (15) successively Electrical signal connection; FLASH (12), DSP (10) and memory (13) are sequentially connected by electrical signal. 3. The multi-beam ultrasonic fish finder as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the signal transmitting system (5) is composed of a power amplifier (16) and an impedance matching device (17) connected by electrical signals in sequence. 4. The multi-beam ultrasonic fish finder as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the signal conditioning system (6) consists of an analog pre-processing amplifier (18), a post-amplifier (19) and a band-pass filter connected by electrical signals in sequence (20) COMPOSITION. 5. The multi-beam ultrasonic fish finder as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the signal acquisition and processing system (7) consists of a PCI interface controller (22), a high-speed memory (23), a bus interface (24), a system central Logic controller (25), analog-to-digital converter (26), digital-to-analog converter (27), multiplier-to-analog converter (28), DSP (29), DSP group (30), DSP group (31) and FLASH Group (32); Wherein, PCI interface controller (22) and system central logic controller (25), bus interface (24), high-speed memory (23) are connected by electric signal successively; PCI interface controller (22) again It is connected with DSP (29), DSP group (30), and DSP group (31) sequentially with electrical signals; FLASH group (32) is connected with DSP (29), DSP group (30), and DSP group (31) respectively. Electric signal connection; DSP (29) is respectively connected with bus interface (24), analog-to-digital converter (26), digital-to-analog converter (27), and multiplier-to-analog converter (28). 6. The multi-beam ultrasonic fish finder as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the transducer array (2) is a uniform linear array composed of equidistant multi-channel transducers, and the number of channels is determined by the requirements of the detection index .

Images