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CN1954180A - 具有压力传感器的预热火花塞主体 - Google Patents

具有压力传感器的预热火花塞主体 Download PDF

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CN1954180A
CN1954180A CNA2005800131350A CN200580013135A CN1954180A CN 1954180 A CN1954180 A CN 1954180A CN A2005800131350 A CNA2005800131350 A CN A2005800131350A CN 200580013135 A CN200580013135 A CN 200580013135A CN 1954180 A CN1954180 A CN 1954180A
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main body
glow plug
screw thread
gripping area
engine
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CN100545515C (zh
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M·布卡尔
B·拉斯特
C·帕特里
A·拉蒙
J·伯罗斯
S·戈雷蒂
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Federal Mogul Italy SRL
Continental Automotive Corp
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Federal Mogul Ignition SRL
Continental Automotive Corp
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    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
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    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
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    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
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    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
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    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
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    • F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
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Abstract

本发明涉及预热火花塞主体(8)，它一方面在其外表面上具有螺纹(16)，用于使所述主体(8)固定在发动机(4)的一相应的螺丝孔中，另一方面具有一握持区域(28)，所述握持区域(28)一般呈具有六边形截面的柱形，可握持所述主体(8)，以使所述预热火花塞(2)拧在相应的螺丝孔中。螺纹(16)和握持区域(28)之间的主体部分的外径，在其整个高度上，至少等于或大于所述螺纹部分(16)的外径。本发明可用于内燃机，特别是狄塞尔发动机。

Description

具有压力传感器的预热火花塞主体
技术领域
[01]本发明涉及具有压力传感器的预热火花塞主体。
背景技术
[02]应当指出，在内燃机尤其是狄塞尔(Diesel)发动机中，了解汽缸内的压力值，可较好地控制该汽缸中的燃烧进程。该信息尤其可用于调节注入到汽缸中的燃料。因此，了解该压力，可减少发动机的污染环境的排放物质，提高发动机的效率，从而降低其燃料消耗。
[03]一压力传感器安装到预热火花塞上，可测定该压力，在发动机的汽缸盖处无需特殊的布置。这种安装也是有利的，因为其避免开一通到每个汽缸的辅助孔。因此，避免出现密封问题。
[04]因此，公知的是为一预热火花塞头部配置一压电传感器。所谓预热火花塞头部，是指该预热火花塞位于所述汽缸盖之外的部分，即所述预热火花塞的与其插入到燃烧室中的加热部分相对的端部。现有技术中的解决方案提出，将所述压力传感器布置在所述预热火花塞的主体和一螺母之间，所述压力传感器支承在所述预热火花塞主体上，所述螺母连接于一芯线的上端部，所述芯线将电能传输到所述预热火花塞的预热电极，且延长在所述主体之中和之外接纳该电极的指杆，穿过所述传感器。
[05]现有技术中的这种预热火花塞可测定燃烧室内施加在所述预热火花塞的指杆上的压力。但是，其它信号与相应于测得的压力的信号叠加在一起。最好摆脱这些背景噪声，以便正确地测定所述汽缸的燃烧室内的压力。
发明内容
[06]因此，本发明旨在提出一种不如现有技术中的预热火花塞灵敏的预热火花塞，现有技术中的预热火花塞具有一压力传感器，其测定的信号不相应于燃烧室中的压力。
[07]为此，本发明提出一种具有一压力传感器的预热火花塞的主体，该主体在其外表面上一方面具有螺纹，用于使所述主体固定在发动机的一相应的螺丝孔中，另一方面具有一握持区域，所述握持区域一般呈具有六边形截面的柱形，可握持所述主体，以使所述预热火花塞拧在相应的螺丝孔中。
[08]根据本发明，所述主体的位于所述螺纹和所述握持区域之间的部分的外径，在其整个高度上，是至少等于所述螺纹部分的外径的直径。
[09]在现有技术的预热火花塞主体中，握持部分和螺纹区域之间的区域在螺纹区域一侧始终是小于螺纹的外径的直径。一般来说，与螺纹区域邻接的区域的直径实际上相应于螺纹底部螺纹的直径。
[10]相对于现有技术中的主体而提出的改变，可灵敏地改进与预热火花塞相连接的压力传感器所进行的压力测定。实际上，应当指出，在干扰燃烧室中压力测定的背景噪声信号中，有些来自预热火花塞头部的振动。压力测定的改进不是消除预热火花塞头部的振动，而是改变所述预热火花塞头部的振动的固有频率。这样，可“远离”压力传感器的通频带的这种固有频率，因此，预热火花塞头部的振动不再干扰连接于预热火花塞的传感器所实施的压力测定。
[11]在一第一实施例中，螺纹和握持区域之间与螺纹邻接的主体部分的直径例如基本上等于螺纹的外径。
[12]螺纹和握持区域之间的预热火花塞主体部分，例如通过一具有圆弧形截面的连接区域，连接于所述握持区域。
[13]在一变型实施例中，螺纹和握持区域之间的主体部分，可通过一锥台形连接区域，连接于所述握持区域。
[14]本发明的预热火花塞主体例如用钢制成。
[15]本发明也涉及具有一压力传感器的预热火花塞，其特征在于，它具有一如上所述的主体。在这种预热火花塞中，压力传感器例如位于基本上与握持区域同高度的主体的一座腔中。
[16]最后，本发明涉及内燃机，尤其是狄塞尔发动机，其特征在于，它具有一例如上述的预热火花塞。该发动机例如具有一发动机缸体和一汽缸盖，在其内限定至少一燃烧室；至少一螺孔开在所述汽缸盖上，所述螺孔优选地接纳预热火花塞主体的螺纹，该主体的握持区域布置在所述汽缸盖的外部。
附图说明
[17]从下面参照附图的说明，本发明的详细情况和优越性将得到更好的理解，附图如下：
[18]图1以纵向剖面图示出现有技术中的安装在发动机上的预热火花塞；
[19]图2以侧视图示出现有技术中的另一种预热火花塞；
[20]图3是本发明的预热火花塞的侧视图；以及
[21]图4是图3所示的预热火花塞的另一变型实施例的侧视图。
具体实施方式
[22]图1以纵向剖面图示出现有技术中的预热火花塞，其具有一压力传感器，以便测定发动机汽缸中的压力。该预热火花塞2通常安装在狄塞尔类型的发动机4中，确切地说，安装在该发动机的一汽缸盖6中。它具有一主体8、一指杆10、一芯杆12和一压力传感器14。
[23]主体8适于通过螺钉连接固定到发动机4上。为此，汽缸盖6具有一螺孔，所述螺孔穿过所述汽缸盖6，通到所述发动机4的一燃烧室。主体8本身在其外表面上具有螺纹16，其相应于开在汽缸盖6上的螺丝孔。当螺纹16与汽缸盖6的螺孔相配合时，由于预热火花塞2在发动机4中处于其安装位置，因此，主体8的一部分朝发动机4内即朝燃烧室延伸，而另一部分朝发动机外延伸。
[24]主体8是一钢制管状主体，其内尤其接纳指杆10和芯杆12。指杆10在燃烧室内从管状主体8凸起。它嵌入在主体8内，接纳一预热电极(未示出)。芯杆12将电能传输到位于指杆10中的电极，因此与该电极接触，且连接于它在主体8内延长的指杆10，并且，其自由端可使之与一电源导体进行电连接。
[25]压力传感器是一压电传感器。它包括一压电元件18，其布置在两个用导电材料制成的接触元件20之间，传感器本身通过电绝缘构件22与预热火花塞2的其余部分进行电绝缘。压力传感器14通过一支承件24支承在主体8上。传感器的另一表面支承在一连接于芯杆12的上端部的螺母26上。压力传感器14所处的、位于发动机外部的预热火花塞2的部分也称为预热火花塞头部。在该头部处，主体8具有一握持区域28，用于使预热火花塞2相对于汽缸盖6进行安装/拆卸。通常，该握持区域28呈具有六边形横截面的柱形。这样，借助于一扳手，从汽缸盖6的外部，可安装和拆卸预热火花塞2。该握持区域28的直径通常大于主体8的其余部分的直径。
[26]在示出现有技术中的预热火花塞的图1和2上，可看到在具有螺纹16的螺纹区域和握持区域28之间，具有主体8的外径的一狭窄部分30。本发明的预热火花塞主体8不具有这种狭窄部分30。
[27]因此，在图3和4所示的预热火花塞上，主体8的外径在位于螺纹16和握持区域28之间的整个部分上保持大于该螺纹16的外径。
[28]在图3所示的实施例中，主体8的位于螺纹16和握持区域28之间的部分，首先在螺纹16一侧具有一部分32，该部分32的外径相应于螺纹16的外径。该区域32通过一直径越来越大的区域连接于握持区域28，因此，所述直径越来越大的区域在侧视图(或剖面图)上形成一具有曲率半径R的线条。
[29]在图4所示的实施例中，主体8的具有螺纹16的螺纹区域通过一锥台形区域34连接于握持区域28。在螺纹16一侧，该锥台形区域34的外径相应于螺纹16的外径，而在握持区域28一侧，该锥台形区域34的基部的直径相应于握持区域28的直径。在具有六边形的握持区域的情况下，如图所示，分开该区域的相对的两边的距离视为握持区域28的直径。
[30]预热火花塞主体8的改变可很灵敏地改进压力传感器14进行的测定。在压力传感器14测定压力时，背景噪声之一来自预热火花塞头部的振动。本发明的改变不消除寄生振动，但可改变预热火花塞头部的固有振动频率。这种改变可使该固有频率不再处于压力传感器14的通频带中。因此，来自预热火花塞头部的振动的背景噪声信号不再干扰压力传感器实施的测定。
[31]因此，具有一压力传感器的预热火花塞主体稍作改变，即可基本上提高所述传感器的测定质量。这种新型预热火花塞主体既适用于图1作为非限制性实施例所示类型的压力传感器，也适用于与预热火花塞相连接的其它压力传感器，而不管该传感器安装在该预热火花塞上的方式如何。
[32]本发明不局限于作为非限制性实施例给出的上述实施例。本发明也涉及在本领域技术人员力所能及的范围内的所有变型实施例。
[33]因此，尤其是在不超出本发明的范围内，除了上述实施例之外，可使位于螺纹部分和火花塞主体的握持部分之间的区域具有任一形状，测定该区域的直径保持大于螺纹的外径。

Claims (9)

1.预热火花塞(2)的主体(8)，其具有一压力传感器(14)，该主体(8)在其外表面上一方面具有螺纹(16)——该螺纹(16)用于使所述主体(8)固定在一发动机(4)的一相应的螺丝孔中，另一方面具有一握持区域(28)，所述握持区域(28)一般呈具有六边形截面的柱形，以便可以握持住所述主体(8)，进而将所述预热火花塞(2)拧在所述相应的螺丝孔中，
其特征在于，包括在所述螺纹(16)和所述握持区域(28)之间的主体部分的外径在其整个高度上具有一至少等于所述螺纹部分(16)的外径的直径。
2.根据权利要求1所述的预热火花塞主体(8)，其特征在于，包括在所述螺纹(16)和所述握持区域(28)之间的、且与所述螺纹(16)相邻接的主体部分具有一基本上等于所述螺纹(16)的外径的直径。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的预热火花塞主体(8)，其特征在于，包括在所述螺纹(16)和所述握持区域(28)之间的主体部分通过一具有圆弧形截面(R)的连接区域连接于所述握持区域(28)。
4.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的预热火花塞(2)的主体(8)，其特征在于，包括在所述螺纹(16)和所述握持区域(28)之间的主体(8)部分通过一锥台形连接区域(34)连接于所述握持区域。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的预热火花塞主体(8)，其特征在于，它是钢制的。
6.预热火花塞(2)，其具有一压力传感器(14)，其特征在于，它具有一根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的主体(8)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的预热火花塞(2)，其特征在于，所述压力传感器(14)基本上位于在所述握持区域(28)高度处的主体(8)的一座腔中。
8.内燃机(4)，尤其是狄塞尔类型的发动机，其特征在于，它具有一根据权利要求6或7所述的预热火花塞(2)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的发动机，其特征在于，它具有一发动机缸体和一汽缸盖(6)，在它们的内部限定至少一燃烧室；至少一螺孔开在所述汽缸盖(6)上；并且，所述螺孔接纳一预热火花塞主体(8)的螺纹(16)，该主体(8)的握持区域(28)布置在所述汽缸盖(6)的外部。
CNB2005800131350A 2004-04-27 2005-04-19 具有压力传感器的预热火花塞主体 Expired - Fee Related CN100545515C (zh)

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US7765974B2 (en) 2010-08-03
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KR101218081B1 (ko) 2013-01-03
CN100545515C (zh) 2009-09-30

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