CN1942543A - Aqueous effect coating composition - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to aqueous coating compositions for effect coatings, comprising at least one binder, a modified ketone/aldehyde resin, effect pigments and, if desired, auxiliaries and additives.

Description

Aqueous effect coating composition

technical field

The invention relates to an aqueous coating composition for effect coatings consisting of at least one binder, a modified ketone/aldehyde resin, an effect pigment, and optionally auxiliaries and additives.

The coating composition is used as effect varnishes and effect coatings, for example metallic, interference or pearlescent (pearlescent) effect coating materials, for coating objects such as those made of metal and plastics, the coating being very Formaldehyde free. The coating composition is suitable for all typical application methods currently employed in metal coating and plastic coating as well as in the printing ink industry, such as spray application, including electrostatic spray application, and printing with various printing techniques. The coating composition is notable for a particularly high initial dry rate, but also for excellent optical properties.

Background technique

Objects made of metal and plastic are typically provided with an organic coating (see Rmpp Lexikon, Lacke und Druckfarben, ed. Protecting the material (eg, protecting the article from ageing, weathering effects, mechanical damage, soiling, etc.). On the other hand, the organic coating assumes a decorative function. The decorative aspect is taking on an increasing importance for modern utility and consumer products. Consequently, in recent years, the number of articles painted with effect coatings, such as metallic and/or pearlescent effect coatings, has been increasing. In addition to traditional applications such as automobiles, relatively low-value utility and consumer products are increasingly being coated with such coatings. Examples are casings for mobile phones or notebooks. Furthermore, in printing inks, effect pigments are increasingly being used, for example, in advertising brochures.

Coatings containing metallic, interference and/or pearlescent effect pigments for, among many other applications, automotive finishes and industrial coatings as topcoat material, see edited by Rmpp Lexikon, Lacke und Druckfarben, Dr. Ulrich Zorll , Georg ThiemeVerlag, Stuttgart, 1998. They are processed as one-coat or two-coat systems and, taking into account the effect pigments they contain, are distinguished by a more or less pronounced metallic or pearlescent effect. The orientation of the effect pigments is crucial for the achievement of the shade or shade optimum and/or the desired geometric metachromatic. This is influenced by the application technique (eg dry/wet spraying) and the fixation of the pigment during and/or after evaporation of the volatile components.

After the coating has been applied, rapid dry-out is desirable in order to ensure rapid further processing and to prevent defects such as contamination caused by, for example, dust and dirt. In particular, for effect coatings it is necessary to prevent misorientation of the effect pigments during evaporation of the volatile constituents. For this purpose, therefore, additives which have an influence on rheology are often added to waterborne coatings.

Hard resins based on ketones and aldehydes are known to increase the hardness of coatings. Water-dispersible condensation products of ketones and aldehydes or derivatives thereof and reaction products which may contain such products are described in EP 0617 103 A1, EP 0838485, EP 0838486 (DE 19643704), DE 25 42090, DE-A 31 44 673 and DE-A 3406474 (EP 0154835).

DE-A 25 42 090 describes water-soluble compounds which carry sulfonic acid groups and - deviating from the process according to the invention - are obtainable in a joint condensation reaction from cycloalkanones, formaldehyde and alkali metal bisulfites.

DE-A 31 44 673 describes water-soluble condensation products also obtained from the joint reaction of ketones, aldehydes, and compounds capable of introducing acid groups. Examples of the latter are sulfites and amidosulfonates, glycines, and phosphites.

DE-A 25 42 090 and DE-A 31 44 673 lead to products containing electrolytes (e.g. Na ions). However, one of the effects of such resins is to impair the water resistance of the coating system.

EP 0 617 103 A1 describes polyisocyanates (a) and dihydroxy compounds ( b) response (see lines 17-21 of p.3). The polyurethane thus obtained is further reacted with a compound (c) which, in addition to the NCO-reactive groups, also contains groups which can be converted into ionic groups, and if desired with a diol with a molecular weight of 60-500 which does not carry further functional groups or Polyol (d) reaction (see lines 5-15 of p.4). This reaction product is then reacted with a condensation resin and transferred to the aqueous phase.

DE 3406474 (EP 0154835) describes aqueous dispersions of ketone resins or ketone/aldehyde resins using organic protective colloids. The disadvantage of protective colloids remaining in the subsequent coating and possibly detrimentally affecting some properties such as resistance to water and moisture prevents their use in high value coating compositions.

EP 0838485 describes esterification products. Ester groups are known to undergo hydrolysis, causing polymer degradation and detrimentally affecting storage stability. Furthermore, freely accessible acid groups may also cause reactions and/or incompatibility with pigments.

EP 0838486 describes aqueous resin dispersions obtainable by reaction or partial reaction of the following components:

I. Ketone resins, ketone/aldehyde resins, urea/aldehyde resins or hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing hydroxyl groups, and

II. At least one hydrophilically modified isocyanate and/or polyisocyanate having at least one free NCO group obtainable by reacting at least one isocyanate and/or polyisocyanate with compounds which, in addition to containing hydrophilic groups In addition to the group or the potential hydrophilic group, there is at least one functional group capable of reacting with the isocyanate group, having an active hydrogen in the Zerewitinoff test, and also having at least one hydrophilic group and/or a potential hydrophilic group,

and the subsequent combination of the neutralized resin and water.

Contents of the invention

It was an object of the present invention to find aqueous coating compositions for effect coatings and effect printing inks, with the intention that the coatings should be very largely free of formaldehyde. The coating composition should have a high initial drying rate and should have a particularly positive influence on the development of this effect.

The object on which the invention is based is surprisingly achieved by the use of a specific coating composition described in more detail below.

The invention provides a water-based coating composition for an article effect coating, which essentially comprises

A) 20% to 94.5% by weight of at least one aqueous base material, and

B) 5% to 79.5% by weight of a hydrophilized ketone/aldehyde resin and/or a hydrophilized hydrogenated ketone/aldehyde resin, and

C) 0.5% to 25% by weight of at least one effect pigment, and

D) 0wt% to 74.5wt% of at least one additive,

The sum of the weights of components A) to D) is 100wt%.

It has been found that the combination of coating compositions described below and consisting of components A) to D) meet all the required criteria.

Detailed ways

Component A)

The aqueous base material A) at the heart of the present invention is used in an amount of 20wt%-94.5wt%, preferably 30wt%-79.5wt%.

Preference is given to the use of aqueous binders selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyethers, polyesters, alkyds, cellulose ethers, cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol and derivatives, rubber, Maleate resins, phenol/urea resins, amino resins (such as melamine resins, benzoguanamine resins), epoxy acrylates, epoxy resins, silicates, and alkali metal silicates (such as water glass) and/or silicone resins. The aqueous binder may be cross-linked and/or self-cross-linked, air-dried (physically dried) and/or oxidatively cured.

ingredient B)

Ingredient B) at the heart of the present invention is used in an amount of 5wt% to 79.5wt%, preferably 10wt% to 60wt%.

Suitability as component B) is provided by aqueous resin dispersions obtainable by reaction or partial reaction of the following components:

I. Ketone/aldehyde resins or hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing hydroxyl groups, and

II. At least one hydrophilically modified isocyanate and/or polyisocyanate having at least one free NCO group obtainable by reacting at least one isocyanate and/or polyisocyanate with compounds which, in addition to containing hydrophilic groups In addition to the group or the potential hydrophilic group, there is at least one functional group that can react with the isocyanate group,

After the reaction the resin - neutralized if necessary - is combined with water.

Ketones suitable for the preparation of ketone/aldehyde resins (component I) include all ketones, especially acetone, acetophenone, methyl ethyl ketone, heptan-2-one, pentan-3-one, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclodeca Dialkylones, 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethylcyclopentanones, cycloheptanones and cyclooctanones, cyclohexanones and all of which have one or more of them containing a total of 1 to 8 carbon atoms Alkyl mixtures of alkyl-substituted cyclohexanones, alone or in mixtures. Possible examples of alkyl-substituted cyclohexanone include 4-tert-amylcyclohexanone, 2-sec-butylcyclohexanone, 2-tert-butylcyclohexanone, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone, 2-methylcyclohexanone, and 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanone.

Ketones with further functional groups such as amino and/or acid groups are also possible in principle, although less preferred.

In general, however, all ketones reported in the literature as suitable for ketone resin and ketone/aldehyde resin synthesis can be used; in general, all C-H-acidic ketones. Preference is given to the bases of acetophenone, cyclohexanone, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone, and heptanone, alone or in mixture.

As aldehyde components of ketone/aldehyde resins (component I), suitable in principle are unbranched or branched aldehydes, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde and/or isobutyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, and Two (alk) aldehydes. In general, all aldehydes reported in the literature to be suitable for ketone/aldehyde resin synthesis can be used. However, preference is given to using formaldehyde alone or in admixture.

The required formaldehyde is typically used as an aqueous or alcoholic (eg methanol or butanol) solution at a concentration of about 20% to 40% by weight. Other forms of use of formaldehyde, including uses such as paraformaldehyde or trioxane, are likewise possible. Aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde can likewise be present in mixtures with formaldehyde.

Particularly good starting compounds for the ketone/aldehyde resin of component I are acetophenone, cyclohexanone, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone, and heptanone, either alone or Mixed form, and formaldehyde.

Resins derived from ketones and aldehydes can also be hydrogenated with hydrogen at pressures up to 300 bar in the presence of suitable catalysts. During this hydrogenation, some of the carbonyl groups of the ketone/aldehyde resin are converted to secondary hydroxyl groups. In the case of resins derived from aldehydes and ketones which, in addition to carbonyl moieties, have further hydrogenatable functions, such as aromatic structures, these further structures can also be converted by appropriate hydrogenation. In the case of such aromatic structures, cycloaliphatic structures are obtained.

A possibly necessary hydrophilic modification is achieved, for example, by reacting resin I with component II, the latter consisting of at least one hydrophilically modified isocyanate and/or polyisocyanate having at least one free NCO group, by making at least An isocyanate and/or polyisocyanate obtained by reacting a compound which, in addition to a hydrophilic or potentially hydrophilic group—that is, a group which becomes hydrophilic only after neutralization—has at least one pair Isocyanate groups are reactive groups such as hydroxyl or amino groups. Examples of such compounds for hydrophilic modification of (poly)isocyanates are amino acids, hydroxysulfonic acids, sulfamic acids, and hydroxycarboxylic acids. Preference is given to the use of di(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid or derivatives thereof. The hydrophilic modification can also be carried out with nonionic groups (for example with polyethers) or with already neutralized compounds.

Hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as especially di(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, are particularly preferred due to the fact that they show a strong hydrophilic effect when neutralized with volatile bases such as amines etc., however, such The effect disappears rapidly after evaporation of the volatile base. Thus, the coating does not lose its protective function due to, for example, exposure to moisture, since any initial swelling does not occur.

Di(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid is also particularly preferred due to its ability to carry out the (potential) hydrophilic modification of two hydrophobic polyisocyanates via its two hydroxyl groups.

Polyisocyanates suitable for preparing component II are preferably difunctional to tetrafunctional polyisocyanates. Examples thereof are cyclohexane diisocyanate, methyl cyclohexane diisocyanate, ethyl cyclohexane diisocyanate, propyl cyclohexane diisocyanate, methyl diethylcyclohexane diisocyanate, benzene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, Isocyanates, bis(isocyanatophenyl)methane, propane diisocyanate, butane diisocyanate, pentane diisocyanate, hexane diisocyanate such as hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or 1,5-diisocyanate Heptane-2-methylpentane (MPDI), heptane diisocyanate, octane diisocyanate, nonane diisocyanate such as 1,6-diisocyanato-2,4,4-trimethylhexane or 1 , 6-diisocyanato-2,2,4-trimethylhexane (TMDI), nonane triisocyanate such as 4-isocyanatomethyloctane-1,8-diisocyanate (TIN), Decane diisocyanate and triisocyanate, undecane diisocyanate and triisocyanate, dodecane diisocyanate and triisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (H ₁₂ MDI), isocyanatomethylmethylcyclohexyl isocyanate, 2,5(2,6)-bis(isocyanatomethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (NBDI), 1, 3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane (1,3-H ₆ -XDI) or 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane (1,4-H ₆ -XDI ), alone or in mixtures thereof.

Another preferred class of polyisocyanates are compounds having more than 2 isocyanate groups per molecule, prepared by dimerization or trimerization, allophanation, biuretization and/or polyurethaneization of simple diisocyanates, Examples are the reaction products of these simple diisocyanates such as IPDI, HDI and/or H ₁₂ MDI etc. Examples include trimerized triisocyanates such as IPDI, HDI, and H ₁₂ MDI .

Particular preference is given to _{hydrophilically} modified polyisocyanates ( II).

Component B) is prepared in the melt or as a solution in a suitable organic solvent which, if desired, can be separated off by distillation after preparation.

In the case of reacting in solution, the preferred solid content is 30wt% to 95wt%, more preferably 60wt% to 80wt%.

Suitable auxiliary solvents used are low-boiling inert solvents which do not form a miscibility gap with water at least to a wide extent, have a boiling point below 100°C at atmospheric pressure and can thus be easily separated off by distillation when desired , reduced to a residual level lower than 2 wt%, especially lower than 0.5 wt%, based on the final dispersion or aqueous solution, and reused. Examples of suitable such solvents include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and tetrahydrofuran. Also suitable in principle are higher-boiling solvents such as n-butylene glycol, di-n-butylene glycol, and N-methylpyrrolidone etc., which then remain in the dispersion.

In particular, however, the advantage of component B) is the fact that it is possible to completely eliminate organic solvents in the final aqueous resin dispersion and still obtain a stable high solids dispersion.

The reaction of I and II can preferably be carried out to such a point: the residual NCO content (measured according to DIN53185) is lower than 1% NCO; it is particularly preferred to reach such a point: the residual NCO content of the product generated from I and II is between 0.1 % ~ 0.5% NCO range. According to the current state of the art, NCO functions which remain unreacted in the reactions of I and II can be used for chain extension reactions by adding polyamines or water etc., or, when desired, can be used for NCO groups by adding Functional compounds (eg monoalcohols, monoamines) to initiate chain termination.

In the case of latent hydrophilic groups, suitable neutralizing agents may be added to the products of the invention to give water dilutable, water dispersible or water soluble products.

The latent hydrophilic groups of the resins prepared according to the present invention can be neutralized using organic and/or inorganic bases such as organic amines or ammonia. Preference is given to the use of primary, secondary and/or tertiary amines, such as ethylamine, propylamine, dimethylamine, dibutylamine, cyclohexylamine, benzylamine, morpholine, piperidine, and triethanolamine. In the case of anionic latent groups, special preference is given to volatile tertiary amines, especially dimethylethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, 2-dimethylamino-2-methyl-2-propanol, triethyl amine, tripropylamine, and tributylamine. Cationic potentially ionic groups can be neutralized using organic and/or inorganic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, and the like.

The degree of neutralization is preferably 50% to 130% of the neutralization amount required for stoichiometric neutralization.

Either the neutralized hydrophilic resin or resin solution is introduced into the water, or the water is added thereto, preferably with agitation. Before the addition of water, the reaction product of I and II can if desired be combined with further resins which have not been hydrophilically modified or with other constituents, which are then dispersed together. As a result of this measure, a technically advantageous high solids content of above 45% by weight in the dispersion can be achieved. In principle, the solid fraction is in the range of 20 wt% to 70 wt%, preferably 25 wt% to 60 wt%.

After dispersion, the organic auxiliary solvent can be removed, preferably under reduced pressure, and, if desired, reworked.

Component B) can be used as a binder component, as well as a dispersion resin for component C).

ingredient C)

Component C) at the heart of the present invention is used in an amount of 0.5wt%-25wt%, preferably 2wt%-20wt%. Of suitability as component C) are, for example, metallic effect pigments such as aluminum, copper, copper/zinc, and zinc pigments, oxidized bronzes, iron oxide-alumina pigments, interference pigments, and pearlescent effect pigments such as metallic Oxide-mica pigments, bismuth oxychloride, basic lead carbonate, pearlescent powder or micronized titanium dioxide, leaf graphite, leaf iron oxide, multilayer effect pigments containing PVD films or produced by CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) , and liquid crystal (polymer) pigments.

For a review see Römpp Lexikon, Lacke und Druckfarben, eds. Dr. Ulrich Zorll, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1998, see also BASF-Handbuch Lackiertechnik, ArturGoldschmidt, Hans-Joachim Streitberger, Vincentz-Verlag, Hanover, 2002.

ingredient D)

Component D) is used in an amount of 0-74.5 wt%, preferably 5 wt%-60 wt%.

Suitable constituents D) are auxiliaries and additives such as inhibitors, organic solvents, surface-active substances, oxygen scavengers and/or radical scavengers, catalysts, light stabilizers, color brighteners, photosensitizers and photoinitiators additives, additives affecting rheological properties such as thixotropic and/or thickeners, flow control agents, anti-skinning agents, defoamers, plasticizers, antistatic agents, lubricants, wetting agents, dispersants, Preservatives include fungicides and/or biocides and the like, thermoplastic additives, colorants such as dyes and pigments, matting agents, flame retardants, internal release agents, fillers, isocyanate curing agents and/or blowing agents.

Preparation of coating composition from components A) to D)

The coating composition is prepared by intensively mixing the ingredients at a temperature of 20-80°C (Lehrbuch der Lack-technologie, Th.Brock, M.Groteklaes, P.Mischke, V.Zorll, Vincentz Verlag, Hanover, 1998 , p. 229ff). Ingredients not in liquid form, when desired, are brought into solution in a suitable solvent or in water prior to mixing and the remaining ingredients are then added with stirring. In the case of pigments and/or fillers, etc., dispersion is performed. Nevertheless, effect pigments are not dispersed but only introduced with stirring.

The formaldehyde content of the coating composition is lower than 100 ppm, preferably lower than 50 ppm, more preferably lower than 10 ppm.

The claimed aqueous coating composition is suitable for coating and/or printing objects made of any of a wide variety of materials such as metal, plastic, wood, paper, inorganic substances such as concrete, stone or ceramics and the like. They have a high initial drying rate and excellent effect development.

The dried, cured and/or crosslinked film has good adhesion properties to the base coat; moreover, the intercoat adhesion to the overlying coating is positively affected.

The claimed aqueous coating compositions flow defect-free on the substrates used and are free from surface defects such as smearing and wetting defects.

The claimed aqueous paint composition has a solid content of 10% to 80%, preferably 20% to 60%.

The coating compositions according to the invention are used as one-coat coatings or as basecoat materials for multicoat paint systems, but also as printing inks.

The following examples are intended to further illustrate the invention without limiting its scope of application.

Example

Preparation of component B)

1. Preparation of Adducts

A mixture of 134 g of bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, 380 g of acetone and 6 g of a 10% by weight solution of dibutyltin dilaurate in acetone was mixed with 444 g of isophorone diisocyanate under stirring at such a rate that the exothermic reaction remained Can be managed with ease. The mixture was heated to 60° C. and maintained at this temperature until the NCO value was 9.2%.

After cooling to room temperature, the solution was mixed with 2300 g of 55 wt % strength hydrogenated acetophenone/formaldehyde resin (Kunstharz SK, purchased from Degussa AG) acetone solution and 12 g of 10 wt % concentration DBTL acetone solution under stirring, and the mixture was heated to about reflux temperature of 60°C. It was stirred further at this temperature until the NCO value of the solution fell below 0.1% NCO.

2. Transfer to the aqueous phase

Alternative A:

The solution of the hydrophilic modified resin prepared in 1) was neutralized by adding 89 g of dimethylaminoethanol under stirring at room temperature, and then the solution was dispersed by adding 4200 g of demineralized water and stirring. The co-solvent, acetone, together with a proportion of water, were removed under reduced pressure to give a storage stable, fine, light milky resin dispersion with a solids content of about 33% by weight.

Alternative B:

1) The solution prepared in 1) was mixed with 3300g 55wt% concentration hydrogenated acetophenone/formaldehyde resin (Kunstharz SK, purchased from Degussa AG) acetone solution under stirring, and the product was neutralized with 89g dimethylaminoethanol under stirring at room temperature, The solution was dispersed by introducing 4400 g of fully demineralized water with stirring. The auxiliary solvent, acetone, together with a proportion of water, is removed under reduced pressure to give a storage-stable, whitish dispersion with a solids content of about 50% by weight.

Dispersion properties

storage stability

A storage stability investigation regarding changes in pH, viscosity, and visual appearance was performed on dispersions A and B of section 2). performance A B pH initial 8.9 8.8 6 months later 8.9 8.8 Viscosity at 23°C ^* initial 375-714mPa·s 69-138mPa·s 6 months later 335-563mPa·s 67-135mPa·s Exterior After precipitation light cream White 6 months later light cream White

^* Rotational viscometer; D: 100 to 900s ^-1

Coating Composition Examples: base ingredient Mass/g Item 1 Dynapol HW 112-56(Degussa) 257.0 Cymel 327 (Cytech) 11.0 The ingredients were combined in the order described under agitation (600rpm)

Compare CM I metal paste composition Mass/g Mass/g Item 2 Component B from the examples - 132.0 Base material from item 1 93 - DI water 23.0 - Hydroxal 8154(Eckhart-Werke) 50.0 50.0 The ingredients are combined in the order described under stirring, and the material is stirred for another 24 hours

Compare CM I thinning ingredients Mass/g Mass/g Item 3 Base material from item 1 80.0 80.0 DI water 11.2 16.0 Butanediol 2.0 2.0 N-Methylpyrrolidone 2.0 2.0 Tego 7447, 10% aqueous solution (Tego) 3.0 3.0 Metal paste from item 2 30.0 36.4 The ingredients are combined in the order stated with stirring

DI water = fully deionized (softened) water

CM = paint

Item 2 was added slowly with continuous stirring until item 3. Viscosity increased slightly. After combining, the mass was stirred for an additional 15 minutes. The viscosity is adjusted to 30-40s with DI water (Ford Cup 4, 23°C).

The formaldehyde content of the paint is less than 1ppm.

The paint was sprayed onto the aluminum Bonder board with a dry film thickness of about 14-17 μm, and flash evaporated at room temperature for 8 minutes. A standard commercial one-component PU clearcoat was then applied followed by curing at 140°C for 25 minutes.

The coating of the embodiment is superior to the coating of the comparative example, and has significantly excellent effect pigment orientation and excellent geometric condition metachromatic effect.

Claims (36)

1. Aqueous coating composition for effect coating of articles, comprising essentially A) 20% to 94.5% by weight of at least one aqueous base material, and B) 5% to 79.5% by weight of a hydrophilized ketone/aldehyde resin and/or a hydrophilized hydrogenated ketone/aldehyde resin, and C) 0.5% to 25% by weight of at least one effect pigment, and D) 0wt% to 74.5wt% of at least one additive, The sum of the weights of components A) to D) is 100wt%. 2. The water-based paint composition claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid content of the paint composition is 10wt% to 80wt%, preferably 20wt% to 60wt%, and the formaldehyde content of the paint composition is lower than 100ppm, more Preferably less than 50ppm, more preferably less than 10ppm, and the organic solvent content is less than 20wt%, preferably less than 10wt%, more preferably less than 2wt%. 3. The water-based paint composition claimed in claims 1 and 2, wherein a water-based binder selected from the following group is used as component A): polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyether, polyester, alkyd resin, fiber Vegan ethers, cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol and derivatives, rubber, maleate resins, phenol/urea resins, amino resins (such as melamine resins, benzoguanamine resins), epoxy acrylates, epoxy resins , silicates, and alkali metal silicates (such as water glass) and/or silicone resins, alone or in mixtures thereof. 4. The water-based coating composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preferred water-based binder as component A) is crosslinked and/or self-crosslinked, air-dried (physically dried) and/or oxidatively cured. 5. The aqueous coating composition claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein, as component B), an aqueous resin dispersion obtainable by reaction or partial reaction of the following components is used: I. Ketone/aldehyde resins or hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing hydroxyl groups, and II. At least one hydrophilically modified isocyanate and/or polyisocyanate having at least one free NCO group obtainable by reacting at least one isocyanate and/or polyisocyanate with compounds which, in addition to containing hydrophilic groups In addition to the group or the potential hydrophilic group, there is at least one functional group that can react with the isocyanate group, After the reaction the resin - neutralized if necessary - is combined with water. 6. The aqueous coating composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein a resin comprising a C—H acidic ketone is used as component I for the preparation of component B). 7. The waterborne coating composition claimed in claim 6, wherein, use the following C-H acidic ketone selected from: acetone, acetophenone, methyl ethyl ketone, heptan-2-one, pentan-3-one, methyl isobutyl ketone , cyclopentanone, cyclododecanone, mixtures of 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethylcyclopentanone, mixtures of cycloheptanone and cyclooctanone, cyclohexanone and all have a or a mixture of a plurality of alkyl-substituted cyclohexanones containing a total of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, either alone or as a mixture. 8. The waterborne coating composition claimed in claim 7, wherein, use following as alkyl-substituted cyclohexanone: 4-tert-amylcyclohexanone, 2-sec-butylcyclohexanone, 2-tert-butylcyclohexanone , 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone, 2-methylcyclohexanone, and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone, alone or in mixtures thereof. 9. The aqueous coating composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein an aldehyde-comprising resin is used as component I for the preparation of component B). 10. The water-based coating composition claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the following aldehyde components are used as the component I for the preparation of component B): formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde and/or isobutyraldehyde, amylaldehyde Aldehydes, or dodecanal, alone or in mixtures thereof. 11. The water-based coating composition claimed in any one of the above claims, wherein, use acetophenone, cyclohexanone, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone, heptane As component I, hydrogenation products of resins made from ketones, alone or in mixtures thereof, and formaldehyde. 12. The waterborne coating composition claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein, component B) component II is to use tertiary aminoalcohol, aminocarboxylic acid, hydroxysulfonic acid, sulfamic acid and/or hydroxycarboxylic acid Prepared. 13. An aqueous coating composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein component II of component B) is prepared using di(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid. 14. An aqueous coating composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein component II of component B) has been neutralized prior to reaction with component I. 15. An aqueous coating composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein II of component B) is prepared using a difunctional to tetrafunctional polyisocyanate. 16. The aqueous coating composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein polyisocyanates having aromatic, aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic attached isocyanate groups or mixtures of these are used to prepare II of component B) . 17. The water-based coating composition claimed by any one of the above claims, wherein 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane ( isophorone diisocyanate; IPDI), trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI), 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (HDI), bis(4-isocyanatohexyl)methane ( H ₁₂ MDI), alone or in mixtures thereof. 18. An aqueous coating composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein II of component B) is prepared using a polyisocyanate having a biuret, uretdione or isocyanurate structure. 19. An aqueous coating composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein II of component B) is prepared using polyisocyanates obtained from the reaction of polyols and/or amines with monomeric isocyanates. 20. The water-based coating composition claimed in any one of the above claims, wherein, using di(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid and isophorone diisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,6 - Diisocyanatohexane and/or bis(4-isocyanatohexyl)methane in a molar ratio of 1:2 to prepare II of component B). 21. An aqueous coating composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reaction of I and II of component B) and subsequent dispersion is carried out in bulk (without solvent) or in the presence of an auxiliary solvent. 22. Aqueous coating composition as claimed in the preceding claims, wherein the auxiliary solvent used has a boiling point below 100°C at 1013 hPa. 23. Aqueous coating composition as claimed in the preceding claims, wherein the auxiliary solvent used is acetone and/or methyl ethyl ketone and/or tetrahydrofuran. 24. An aqueous coating composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein component B) is neutralized with an organic or inorganic base. 25. The aqueous coating composition claimed in the preceding claims, wherein neutralization is the use of dimethylethanolamine and/or diethylethanolamine and/or 2-dimethylamino-2-methyl-1-propane Alcohol is done. 26. An aqueous coating composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein neutralization is carried out using 50% to 130% of the neutralization amount required for stoichiometric neutralization. 27. An aqueous coating composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein one or more water-insoluble or water-dilutable ingredients are added prior to the addition of water. 28. The aqueous coating composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein effect pigments are used as component C). 29. The aqueous coating composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein effect pigments selected from the group of metallic, pearlescent and/or interference effect pigments are used as component C). 30. Aqueous coating composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein pigments of aluminium, copper, copper/zinc, and zinc, oxidized bronze, iron oxide-alumina pigments, metal oxide-mica are used Pigments, metal oxide-alumina pigments, metal oxide-silica pigments, metal oxide-iron oxide pigments, bismuth oxychloride, basic lead carbonate, pearlescent powder or micronized titanium dioxide, leaf graphite, leaf oxide Iron, multilayer effect pigments comprising PVD films or produced by CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), and liquid-crystalline (polymer) pigments as component C). 31. An aqueous coating composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein auxiliaries and additives are used as component D). 32. Aqueous coating composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein as component D) adjuvants and additives selected from the following group, alone or in admixture, are used: inhibitors, organic solvents, surface-active substances , oxygen scavengers and/or free radical scavengers, catalysts, light stabilizers, color brighteners, photosensitizers and photoinitiators, additives affecting rheological properties such as thixotropes and/or thickeners, flow control agents, anti-skinning agents, defoamers, antistatic agents, plasticizers, lubricants, wetting agents, dispersants, preservatives including fungicides and/or biocides etc., thermoplastic additives, colorants such as dyes and Pigments, matting agents, flame retardants, internal release agents, fillers, isocyanate curing agents and/or blowing agents. 33. A method for preparing an aqueous coating composition, the composition essentially comprising A) 20% to 94.5% by weight of at least one aqueous base material, and B) 5% to 79.5% by weight of a hydrophilized ketone/aldehyde resin and/or a hydrophilized hydrogenated ketone/aldehyde resin, and C) 0.5% to 25% by weight of at least one effect pigment, and D) 0wt% to 74.5wt% of at least one additive, The sum of the weight quantities of components A)～D) is 100wt%, The method involves stirring and/or dispersing the ingredients at a temperature of +20 to +80°C for thorough mixing. 34. Use of an aqueous coating composition as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims for coating or printing objects. 35. Use of an aqueous coating composition as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, as a one-coat coating or as a primer for a multi-coat coating system, or as a printing ink. 36. Use of an aqueous coating composition as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims for coating or printing objects made of metal, plastic, wood, paper, glass and/or inorganic substrates. 37. A coated article made of metal, plastic, wood, paper, glass and/or inorganic substrates, produced and/or reinforced with a coating composition as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims .