CN1807321A - Highly energy-saving coating glass automatically adjusting light according to environment temperature and multi-layed assembled glass body - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a high-efficiency and energy-saving coated glass and its multi-layer assembled glass body which can automatically adjust light according to the ambient temperature. The coated glass includes a glass substrate and an energy-saving coating. The energy-saving coating is a multilayer film system composed of a thermochromic layer and an optical anti-reflection layer coated on the glass substrate. The thermochromic layer is a vanadium dioxide film , the optical anti-reflection layer is an organic or inorganic transparent film. Assembling multiple layers of coated glass in parallel and at intervals constitutes a multi-layer assembled glass body. On the premise of not reducing the indoor lighting, the present invention realizes high solar energy regulation efficiency and high heat ray reflection function, achieves the purpose of shading in summer and heat insulation and keeping warm in winter, and provides a solid foundation for the successful application of _VO2 intelligent energy-saving windows , so that it has the advantages of automatic dimming, simple structure, low cost, and durability. At the same time, proper selection of anti-reflection film materials can make it multi-functional such as ultraviolet absorption, self-cleaning, sterilization, and anti-fogging. It is energy-saving in buildings. has great application prospects.

Description

High-efficiency energy-saving coated glass and multi-layer glazing body with automatic dimming according to ambient temperature

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of building energy saving among high-efficiency energy-saving and consumption-reducing technologies, and in particular relates to a high-efficiency energy-saving coated glass and its multi-layer assembled glass body which can automatically adjust light according to the ambient temperature.

technical background

According to statistics, my country's building energy consumption has reached 30% of the total social energy consumption. With the expansion of my country's urbanization scale, the advancement of urban construction, and the improvement of people's living standards, building energy consumption will increase year by year. In 1996, my country's construction consumed 330 million tons of standard coal annually, accounting for 24% of the total energy consumption. By 2001, it had reached 376 million tons, accounting for 27.6% of the total consumption, with an annual growth rate of 5/1000. According to forecasts, my country's building energy consumption will climb to more than 35% in a relatively short period of time in the future. The current domestic energy shortage situation will face severe challenges. In recent years, frequent power cuts in South China and North China have sounded the alarm for us. At present, building energy conservation has become a major issue of common concern to all countries in the world, and it is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of the economy and society, especially the rapid growth of my country's economy.

The energy saving of windows is the first problem that must be considered in building energy saving. Among the four building enclosure components (doors and windows, walls, roof and ground), doors and windows have the worst thermal insulation performance, which is one of the main factors affecting the indoor thermal environment and building energy saving. In terms of components, the energy consumption of doors and windows is about 4 times that of the wall, 5 times that of the roof, and more than 20 times that of the ground, accounting for more than 50% of the energy consumption of the building envelope.

Western developed countries have carried out building energy conservation work since the 1970s, and have achieved outstanding results so far. The energy-saving technology of windows has also made considerable progress, and energy-saving windows are showing a multi-functional and high-tech development trend. People's functional requirements for doors and windows range from simple light transmission, wind protection, and rain protection to energy saving, comfort, and flexible adjustment of lighting, etc., and technically from the use of ordinary flat glass to the use of hollow heat insulation technology (hollow glass) and various High-performance thermal insulation film technology (heat reflective glass, etc.). At present, developed countries have begun to develop the next generation of "intelligent" energy-saving glass windows, referred to as smart windows, which can change the amount of sunlight penetrating into the room according to environmental conditions or people's will to achieve maximum energy saving .

As far as the current general situation is concerned, energy-saving windows have not been popularized and applied in my country. One is that my country’s building energy conservation work started relatively late, the corresponding laws and regulations are not yet complete, and the awareness of energy conservation among the people is not strong enough; the other is that my country’s energy-saving window technology is not perfect enough, the cost is high, and the market is difficult to accept. However, based on the experience of developed countries and regions, the application of energy-saving windows is an important part of building energy conservation, and will be widely adopted sooner or later. According to preliminary statistics from the National Windows and Doors Rating Council (NFRC), energy-efficient windows can save 30% of heating and cooling costs in one year of use. At present, in Europe and the United States, more than 90% of the buildings use insulating glass, and 40% of the glass in residential buildings has begun to use Low-E insulating glass.

However, in reality, people's demand for sunlight radiation varies with climate and seasons, and even at different times of the same day. When the weather is hot, we hope that as little sunlight radiation as possible enters the room, that is, the windows are required to have a high shading coefficient; when the weather turns cold, we hope that as much sunlight radiation enters the room as possible, and the shading coefficient of the windows is required to be as low as possible ( high transmission). Of course, the use of mechanical sunshade systems can achieve the goal. But if we start from the glass itself, so that the optical properties of the glass can be adjusted, and can change with the change of solar radiation at different times, it should be a more advanced and reasonable method. This is the so-called intelligent energy-saving window, or smart window for short. . Intelligent features will be an important symbol of the next generation of energy-saving windows. The emergence of smart windows marks people's further deepening and advancement of building energy conservation.

Smart windows can be implemented in a variety of ways. These smart windows mainly rely on the film deposited on the window glass, and the optical properties of the film are changed under the excitation of some physical factors (such as light, electricity or heat), so as to realize the regulation of solar radiation. The change of the optical properties of the film is called discoloration. The discoloration mechanism can be divided into electrochromic (electrically sensitive), thermochromic (heat sensitive), gasochromic (gas sensitive) and photochromic (light sensitive) and so on. Smart windows based on these discoloration mechanisms can adjust sunlight to varying degrees, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, electrochromism can continuously change from high transmittance to low transmittance, and the switching efficiency is high, but the manufacturing process is complex and requires power supply voltage, and the system cost is high. Currently, it is only used in small-scale high-end automotive glass. ; Photochromism can simply change the optical properties (such as sunglasses) through light, but it is not applicable to the production process of float glass at present. If the organic plastic layer plays the role of color change, the durability of the material is another problem; Color-changing energy-saving windows are a hot spot in current research. This kind of energy-saving windows can change color through hydrogen-argon gas mixture. The biggest advantage is that it can be combined with solar hydrogen production technology. On the other hand, the high gas The tightness requirements greatly limit its application; for thermochromism, several products have been developed on the market, such as inks, pigments, safety equipment, temperature indicators, etc. In terms of smart windows, some companies have developed The thermosensitive polymer has certain effect, but the durability of the polymer is still a difficult problem to be overcome.

Vanadium dioxide (VO ₂ ) is a typical thermochromic phase change material with a bulk phase transition temperature of 68°C. Below this temperature, it is semiconducting and moderately transparent; when it is higher than 68°C, it is metallic and highly reflective to infrared. Importantly, its phase transition temperature can be lowered to near room temperature by doping with high-valence metals. The research on applying vanadium dioxide to energy-saving windows has already begun as early as the early 1970s, but there are two main difficulties in technology development: low visible transmittance (less than 30%, film thickness 50nm ) and low solar regulation rate (about 12%, film thickness 50nm). Low visible transmittance is the biggest obstacle to the application of VO ₂ . The most feasible method is to use optical anti-reflection film. However _, people found that the anti-reflection film (such as SiO ₂ ) deposited on VO ₂ will lose its thermochromic properties due to the "locking effect" of interface molecules. Therefore, no finished product has come out so far. After searching the published patent documents, no relevant content was found.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency and energy-saving coated glass that can automatically adjust light according to the ambient temperature by using the principle of optical anti-reflection technology.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a multi-layer glazing body using the above-mentioned high-efficiency energy-saving coated glass that automatically adjusts light according to the ambient temperature.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: the present invention coats a multilayer film system composed of a thermochromic layer and an optical anti-reflection layer on a glass substrate. The thermochromic layer can be vanadium dioxide (VO ₂ ) thin film with stoichiometric content or non-stoichiometric content, or vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) doped with metal elements or non-metal elements or added with other compounds. ₂ ) Film. The organic or inorganic transparent thin film of the optical anti-reflection layer has a refractive index between 1.0 and 3.0.

The phase transition temperature of bulk VO ₂ is about 68°C. To get practical application, the phase transition temperature must be lowered to around room temperature (such as 28°C). Experiments have confirmed that the phase transition temperature of VO ₂ is related to the form, stoichiometric content, production method and process of VO ₂ . For VO ₂ film, due to the effect of substrate tension, its phase transition temperature is generally lower than 68°C; if it deviates from the standard stoichiometric content, that is, VO _2-x (0<x<0.9), its phase transition temperature will also decrease; by Various processes such as annealing in a low-oxygen atmosphere or in an N ₂ atmosphere, or through plasma bombardment, etc., can also further reduce the phase transition temperature of the VO ₂ film. In addition, the phase transition temperature of _VO2 can also be changed by doping. Doping metal elements such as W, Cr, Mo, Co, Nb, Mn, Fe, Ti, Ag, etc., or doping non-metal elements such as F, N, H, etc. or adding other compounds can effectively reduce the phase transition temperature of _VO2 down to around room temperature.

VO ₂ has strong absorption in the visible light region. If the film is too thick, the transparency will be poor; if it is too thin, the transparency will be good, but the optical switching performance before and after the phase transition will be greatly weakened. For the thickness of the VO ₂ film within the range of 30nm to 150nm, the technical solution of the present invention can make both the transparency and optical switching performance of the VO ₂ coated glass (details will be described later). For the convenience of comparison, in most of the following examples and embodiments, we only analyze and illustrate with a film thickness of 50nm as a representative.

The optical anti-reflection layer can be a single layer, or a multi-layer film system composed of two or more organic or inorganic transparent films. In the case of a single-layer anti-reflection film, the vanadium dioxide (VO ₂ ) film of the thermochromic layer may be located above or below the anti-reflection film. In the case of a multilayer antireflection film, the vanadium dioxide (VO ₂ ) thin film of the thermochromic layer may be located at the bottom layer of the antireflection film or sandwiched between the multilayer antireflection films. The effect of multi-layer anti-reflection film is better than that of single-layer anti-reflection film. For a vanadium dioxide (VO ₂ ) film with a thickness of 50 nm, the visible transmittance is about 32% and the reflectance is about 40% without antireflection. If a single-layer anti-reflection film is used, the transmittance can be increased to about 49%, and the reflectance can be reduced to below 20%. rate dropped below 10%.

VO ₂ has a large complex refractive index in the visible light region (380-760nm), whether it is a semiconductor phase or a metal phase, $\widetilde{\mathrm{no}}=\mathrm{no}+\mathrm{ik}\&ap;3.1+i0.5$ A large real part n of the complex refractive index indicates that the material has high reflection in this wave band, and a large imaginary part (extinction coefficient) k indicates strong absorption in this wave band. On the one hand, high reflection will cause so-called light pollution, and at the same time greatly reduce the transmittance of light in this wavelength band. Obviously, the application of anti-reflection film can effectively suppress the reflection of light and enhance the transmission of light.

The large refractive index of VO ₂ in the visible light region provides a large space for the selection of its anti-reflection coating. In terms of optical principles, as long as the refractive index of the anti-reflection coating is smaller than the real refractive index n of _VO2 , there will be a certain anti-reflection effect. According to experience, almost all materials that are transparent in the visible light region have a refractive index below 3.0, so they can all be used as anti-reflection coating materials for VO ₂ . Typical membrane materials include, but are not limited to:

ZnS, Nb ₂ O ₅ n=2.35 (λ=550nm, the same below)

TiO ₂ , TeO ₂ n=2.22.7

ZrO ₂ , HfO ₂ , Ta ₂ O ₅ , CeO ₂ n=2.2

Si ₃ N ₄ , Sc ₂ O ₃ , ZnO, WO ₃ , SiO n=2.0

SnO ₂ , In ₂ O ₃ , ITO, Y ₂ O ₃ , Al ₂ O ₃ , MgO, SiO _x N _y n = 1.7-1.9

SiO ₂ , MgF ₂ , CaF ₂ n=1.3-1.6

However, in order to obtain the maximum anti-reflection effect, the optimal refractive index and thickness of the anti-reflection film must be determined through optical optimization calculations based on the thickness of the _VO2 film. The specific method is to use the refractive index and thickness of the anti-reflection film as Variables, and determine their range of change, use the conversion matrix calculation method to obtain the relationship between the refractive index (x-axis), the thickness of the anti-reflection film (y-axis) and the visible transmittance (z-axis) of the anti-reflective coating (Three-dimensional stereogram or two-dimensional configuration map), the x value and y value corresponding to the maximum visible transmittance (z value) are the best refractive index and thickness of the anti-reflection film.

The coated glass can be made multi-functional by proper material selection of the anti-reflection film. For example, any anti-reflection film layer of the coated glass is an organic or inorganic transparent conductive film, which can enhance the thermal insulation performance of the coated glass. Optically, the heat insulation performance of windows can be obtained or strengthened by utilizing the heat rays (middle and far infrared rays) reflection characteristics of transparent conductive films. In general, semiconducting metal oxides doped in stoichiometric or deviating stoichiometric amounts have heat reflective capabilities. Typical materials include but are not limited to: doped SnO ₂ , doped In ₂ O ₃ , or a mixture of both, ZnO doped with Al or B, metals (such as alkali metals, Cu, Ag, Au etc.) doped WO ₃ or non-chemical content of tungsten oxide (WO _3-x ), etc. are suitable for use in the practice of the present invention.

If the transparent conductive film is located on the outermost surface of the coated glass (in contact with the air), the coated glass also has functions such as anti-static and electromagnetic shielding.

If the anti-reflection coating on the outermost layer of the coated glass is TiO ₂ (including metal-doped, non-metal-doped or surface-modified), the energy-saving coated glass has the function of photocatalyst, that is, it has self-cleaning, disinfection Sterilization, anti-fog and other functions.

If the optical cut-off wavelength of any anti-reflection coating layer in the coated glass is above 400nm, the coated glass has the function of absorbing ultraviolet light, and the above-mentioned various metal semiconductor oxides all have this function.

The reflection color of VO ₂ film is relatively monotonous, usually khaki. Appropriate anti-reflection coating design can make the coated glass appear sky blue, grass green, golden yellow or brown, etc., which can provide multiple options for the reflection color of the coated glass.

The application of the anti-reflection film can not only effectively improve the visible transmittance of the energy-saving coated glass and realize the multi-function of the energy-saving glass, but also an effective way to improve the energy-saving effect of the coated glass. Let's make a specific description below.

For the current solar control glass (Solar Control Glass) and low-emissivity glass (Low-E) glass (Low-E) on the market, they have fixed optical properties and are suitable for hotter and colder climates respectively. Solar thermals are regulated in real time, i.e. they have zero solar regulation efficiency. Thermochromic material VO ₂ can change its optical properties with the change of external temperature. In winter, it is in a semiconductor state and is moderately transparent from visible to infrared, allowing most of the solar radiation (including visible light and infrared) to enter the room. The performance is close to Low-E glass; in summer, it is in a metallic state (assuming that the phase transition temperature of VO ₂ has dropped to around room temperature through doping), the visible region remains transparent, the infrared region is highly reflective, and the infrared part of solar radiation is blocked Outdoors, performance is close to that of sun-controlled glass. It is the thermochromic phase change characteristic of VO ₂ that makes this energy-saving coated glass have solar energy regulation efficiency (or sunlight regulation rate), so that the overall performance is obviously better than the current energy-saving glass with fixed optical properties on the market. . The solar regulation rate reflects the energy-saving effect of the coated glass to a certain extent.

The insolation modulation rate, ρ, is defined as the absolute amount of solar transmittance (T) change after the coating changes from a semiconducting state (S) to a metallic state (M) under standard solar irradiation (such as AM1.5) Relative to the transmittance when _VO2 is in the semiconductor state before the phase transition, that is, ρ=|T(S)-T(M)|/T(S). In the absence of anti-reflection coating, ρ ≈ 14% for VO _thin films with a thickness of 50 nm. Although increasing the thickness of the VO ₂ film can greatly increase ρ, the visible transmittance of the film is also significantly reduced. For example, when the thickness of _VO2 is 100nm, ρ≈60%, but the visible transmittance drops from 32% at 50nm to below 20%. Therefore, the application of single-layer _VO2 thin films is very limited if there is no anti-reflection effect of anti-reflection coating.

However, for the _VO2 energy-saving coated glass in the present invention, the anti-reflection effect of the anti-reflection film is only a necessary condition for the successful application of the invention. In terms of energy-saving effect, the solar regulation rate must be fully considered, which is where the value of VO ₂ energy-saving coated glass lies. For visible anti-reflection, the considered wavelength range is determined by the visual function of the human eye, between 380-760nm, while for insolation adjustment rate, the considered wavelength range must cover the entire solar radiation distribution, that is, 380-2500nm. Due to the difference in the wavelength range of action, the antireflection layer with the greatest anti-reflection effect does not necessarily enhance the solar regulation rate of the coated glass; on the contrary, in most cases, the solar regulation rate will become lower. Still taking the previous _VO2 film with a thickness of 50nm as an example, in the case of no anti-reflection layer, single-layer anti-reflection layer and interlayer double-layer anti-reflection layer, the visible transmittance is 32%, 49% and 58%, respectively. The insolation adjustment rates are 14%, 15% and 6.5%, respectively. It can be seen that the effectiveness of the anti-reflection coating on the coated glass must take into account both the visual anti-reflection and the solar adjustment rate. In fact, the absolute amount of sunlight entering the room (solar transmittance) must also be taken into account. Therefore, to make the present invention get the best use effect, all these elements should be taken into consideration during practical application.

All thin film coatings of the present invention are produced by magnetron sputtering.

The multi-layer assembled glass body of the present invention can be formed by assembling multiple layers of the above-mentioned high-efficiency energy-saving coated glass that automatically adjusts light according to the ambient temperature in parallel and spaced apart.

On the premise of not reducing indoor lighting, the present invention realizes visible light anti-reflection through optical optimization design, and at the same time realizes high solar energy regulation efficiency and high heat ray reflection function, achieves sunshade in summer, heat insulation and warmth in winter, and maximizes the use of sunlight purpose of light. Therefore, the present invention provides a solid foundation for the successful application of _VO2 intelligent energy-saving windows. This energy-saving window has the advantages of automatic dimming, simple structure, low cost, and durability. Energy-saving windows are multi-functional, so that they have functions such as ultraviolet absorption, self-cleaning, sterilization, and anti-fogging, and have great application prospects in building energy conservation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the working effect diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the film layer structure of the embodiment 1-4 of the present invention when the single-layer film is anti-reflection;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the layer structure of the embodiment 5 of the present invention when the multilayer film is antireflection, and the vanadium dioxide film of the thermochromic layer is located at the bottom of the optical antireflection multilayer film system;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the film layer structure of the embodiment 6-7 of the present invention when the multilayer film is antireflection, and the vanadium dioxide film of the thermochromic layer is located between the optical antireflection multilayer film system;

Fig. 5 is under the situation of single-layer anti-reflection of the present invention, the configuration diagram of the relationship between the refractive index and the thickness of the anti-reflection film and the integrated visible transmittance of the coated glass, VO The thickness of _the film is 50nm;

Fig. 6 is the transmission spectrum under three different film layer configuration structures of Examples 1, 5, and 7 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The content of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and any technical solutions that are equivalent to the content of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of this patent.

Fig. 1 is an illustration of the working effect of the present invention. In winter, it is a high-permeability type with high thermal insulation performance, which can allow solar heat radiation to enter the room as much as possible, thereby reducing the energy consumption of indoor heating. In summer, it is a sunshade type with high heat insulation characteristics, which can prevent outdoor heat radiation from entering the room, highly reflect the infrared part of sunlight, and only allow visible light to enter, so as to reduce indoor cooling without affecting indoor lighting. purpose of energy consumption.

Table 1 lists examples of seven different AR film configurations of the present invention.

Table 1: Effects of different AR coating configurations in the present invention Film layer configuration (the far right is glass) Film thickness (nm) Visible transmittance ^* (%) Additional features Attached picture Example 1 SiO ₂ /VO ₂ 30/50 37 figure 2 2 SiO ₂ /VO ₂ 60/50 42 3 ITO/VO ₂ 60/50 47 Thermal insulation 4 TiO ₂ /VO ₂ 60/50 49 photocatalyst 5 SiO ₂ /TiO ₂ /VO ₂ 30/60/50 53 image 3 6 TiO ₂ /VO ₂ /TiO ₂ 30/50/30 58 photocatalyst Figure 4 7 TiO ₂ /VO ₂ /ITO 30/50/30 44 Photocatalyst and thermal insulation

^* Visible transmittance refers to the visible integral transmittance under the weight of human eye viewing angle function;

The visible transmittance of VO ₂ film is about 32% without anti-reflection;

Determination of _VO2 thin films in the semiconducting phase (S). But in fact, the difference between the transmittances of the semiconductor phase (S) and the metal phase (M) is less than 5%.

The energy-saving coated glass of the above embodiments all include a thermochromic layer and an optical anti-reflection layer coated on the glass substrate 1 . The thermochromic layer is a vanadium dioxide film 2 with a stoichiometric content or deviates from the stoichiometric content, or a vanadium dioxide film 2 doped with metal elements or non-metal elements or added with other compounds. The optical anti-reflection layer is an organic or inorganic transparent film as an anti-reflection film, and its refractive index is generally between 1.0 and 3.0, including the first anti-reflection layer 3 and the second anti-reflection layer 4 .

There are many ways of optical anti-reflection, including single-layer film anti-reflection and multi-layer film anti-reflection. When the single-layer antireflection film is used, the antireflection film can be located above or below the thermochromic vanadium dioxide layer, as in Examples 2, 3, and 4 (see Figure 2). During two or more layers of anti-reflection, the anti-reflection multilayer film system can be coated on the vanadium dioxide of the thermochromic layer, as in embodiment 5 (as shown in Figure 3); or the vanadium dioxide layer is sandwiched between the anti-reflection In the middle of the reflective film, such as the position of any film layer in Embodiment 6, 7 (shown in FIG. 4 ) or the anti-reflective multilayer film system.

In the seven relatively simple application examples of anti-reflection coatings listed in Table 1, it should be emphasized that for the same film configuration structure, changing the thickness or refractive index of any anti-reflection coating will produce different effects . Figure 2 is the simplest application of anti-reflection film, a single-layer anti-reflection film coated on top of the VO ₂ thermochromic layer. For VO ₂ with a thickness of 50nm, if the thickness and refractive index of the anti-reflection coating are changed at the same time, through optical calculations, we can obtain a three-dimensional formula related to the refractive index of the anti-reflection coating, the thickness of the anti-reflection coating, and the visible transmittance of the coated glass. The bitmap of the relationship is shown in Figure 5. The shaded part of the figure indicates the optimal refractive index and thickness of the anti-reflection coating. But in fact, if the anti-reflection film is completely transparent (no absorption), the optimal refractive index and thickness of the anti-reflection film are not unique, but appear periodically with the increase of the thickness of the anti-reflection film. In addition, if the thickness of _VO2 has changed, the calculated results will be completely different from those in Figure 5. Vanadium dioxide thin film thickness of the present invention is 30nm-150nm, but for the sake of convenience of comparison, in above-mentioned embodiment 1-7, _VO The thickness of (vanadium dioxide thin film) is 50nm. Embodiment 1-4 in table 1 It shows that the same anti-reflection film (with the same refractive index) will produce different results if the thickness is different; the same anti-reflection film thickness but different film materials will also produce different results.

For multilayer antireflection, the situation is more complicated. Example 5 provides a typical film layer configuration for double-layer film anti-reflection, as shown in FIG. 3 . The change of the refractive index n of the film layer can be expressed as <n_2/n_1/n_0>, where n_2 represents the outermost film layer, n_1 represents the next layer, and n_0 represents the target film layer for anti-reflection, here is VO ₂ Thermochrome. The relationship between them is usually n_2<n_1<n_0, which can produce better anti-reflection effect, as shown in the results in Table 1.

Examples 6 and 7 are another typical film layer configuration for double-layer anti-reflection, that is, a sandwich-like structure, as shown in FIG. 4 . The target film layer to be anti-reflection is sandwiched between two layers of anti-reflection film, and the change of the refractive index n of the film layer can be expressed as <n_2/n_0/n_1>, and the relationship is n_2=n_1>n_0 or n_2=n_1<n_0. In this film structure, the best case requires n_2=n_1. A slight deviation may make a more noticeable difference. As shown in the results of Examples 6 and 7 in Table 1.

Figure 6 compares the transmittance spectra under three different film layer configurations in Examples 1, 5, and 7.

The additional functions produced by the different materials of the anti-reflection film are also listed in Table 1.

In the present invention, the concept of visible transmittance refers to integral visible transmittance (T _lum ). The integral visible transmittance T _lum is defined as

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; lum</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Integral;</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&phi;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; lum</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; d\&lambda;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; /</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Integral;</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&phi;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; lum</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; d\&lambda;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>$

Among them, T(λ) represents the spectral transmittance, φ _lum (λ) represents the standard visual function, the visible function is a bell-shaped distribution function in the wavelength range of 380-760nm, and the highest point is at 555nm, which is the most sensitive human eye wavelength. Outside the wavelength range of 380-760nm, φ _lum (λ)≡0. The function value of φ _lum (λ) refers to the standard promulgated by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

In the calculations in Fig. 5, the optical constants of the high-temperature and low-temperature phases of VO _thin films come from our recent test results using a spectroscopic ellipsometer. For specific calculations, we use the transfer matrix method to deal with the multilayer film system in a coherent way, while the glass substrate is dealt with in an incoherent way because its thickness is much larger than the wavelength [B.Harbecke: Appl.Phys.B 39( 1986) 165].

The manufacturing process of the thin film coating is as follows: All the thin film coatings are made by magnetron sputtering. The magnetron sputtering system consists of a sample mounting chamber and a main sputtering chamber (45 cm in diameter). The main sputtering chamber is connected with a molecular diffusion pump, and the vacuum degree is 2.0×10 ^-6 Pa. The sputtering chamber has three target positions for three different 2-inch diameter targets. Each target position is inclined upward at an angle of 30°, and can be co-sputtered in a confocal manner or independently sputtered with three targets. The sample stage can be heated to over 600°C and can rotate continuously during the sputtering process. For the production of the anti-reflection film, we all use the corresponding ceramic target material to carry out non-reactive sputtering in high-purity (99.9995%) Ar gas. Ar gas was injected into the sputtering chamber at a flow rate of 30 sccm through a gas flow meter and the working pressure of the sputtering chamber was kept at 0.6 Pa. For the fabrication of _VO2 thin film, we use tungsten-doped metal vanadium target (W: 1.3at%, target purity 99.9%) to react in the mixed gas of Ar gas (flow rate 30sccm) and _O2 gas (flow rate 2.1sccm) permanent deposition, the deposition temperature is 500°C.

Assembling the multilayer high-efficiency energy-saving coated glass of Examples 1-7 in parallel and at intervals constitutes a multilayer assembled glass body of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. one kind with envrionment temperature highly energy-saving coating glass with an automatic light meter, comprises glass matrix and energy-saving coating, it is characterized in that:

Described energy-saving coating is the assembly of thin films of being made up of thermochromic layer and optics antireflection layer that is coated on the glass matrix; Described thermochromic layer is a vanadium dioxide film, and described optics antireflection layer is the organic or inorganic transparent film.

2. according to claim 1 with envrionment temperature highly energy-saving coating glass with an automatic light meter, it is characterized in that: the vanadium dioxide film tool stoichiometry content (VO of described thermochromic layer ₂) or nonstoichiometry content, i.e. VO _2-x(0＜x＜0.9).

3. according to claim 1 and 2 with envrionment temperature highly energy-saving coating glass with an automatic light meter, it is characterized in that: the vanadium dioxide film of described thermochromic layer is doped with metallic element or non-metallic element.

4. according to claim 1 and 2 with envrionment temperature highly energy-saving coating glass with an automatic light meter, it is characterized in that: the vanadium dioxide film thickness of described thermochromic layer is 30nm-150nm.

5. according to claim 1 with envrionment temperature highly energy-saving coating glass with an automatic light meter, it is characterized in that: the specific refractory power of described antireflection layer is between 1.0～3.0.

6. according to claim 1 or 5 with envrionment temperature highly energy-saving coating glass with an automatic light meter, it is characterized in that: the film material of described antireflection layer be following one or more: ZnS, Nb ₂O ₅, TiO ₂, TeO ₂, ZrO ₂, HfO ₂, Ta ₂O ₅, CeO ₂, Si ₃N ₄, SnO ₂, In ₂O ₃, ITO, Y ₂O ₃, Al ₂O ₃, MgO, Sc ₂O ₃, ZnO, WO ₃, SiO, SiO _xN _y, SiO ₂, MgF ₂, CaF ₂

7. according to claim 1 or 5 with envrionment temperature highly energy-saving coating glass with an automatic light meter, it is characterized in that: contain adulterated metal oxide semiconductor in the described antireflective tunic material.

8. according to claim 1 or 5 with envrionment temperature highly energy-saving coating glass with an automatic light meter, it is characterized in that: the unitary film system that described optics antireflection layer is made up of individual layer organic or inorganic transparent film, the vanadium dioxide film of described thermochromic layer can be positioned at the optics antireflection layer the individual layer antireflective film above or below.

9. according to claim 1 or 5 with envrionment temperature highly energy-saving coating glass with an automatic light meter, it is characterized in that: the assembly of thin films that described optics antireflection layer is made up of two-layer or two-layer above organic or inorganic transparent film, the vanadium dioxide film of described thermochromic layer is sandwiched in the arbitrary rete position between the optics antireflective assembly of thin films.

10. use the multilayer glazing body with envrionment temperature highly energy-saving coating glass with an automatic light meter as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that forming by the assembling of multilayer parallel interval with envrionment temperature highly energy-saving coating glass with an automatic light meter.

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