[background technology]
On-line coating film of float glass is realized on floatation glass production line.
According to functional classification, glass on-line coating technology can be divided into sunlight control plated film and low-emission coated two classes.Sunlight control plated film is the heat reflection plated film again, generally be to plate one or more layers as metal or films nonmetal or that its compound is formed such as chromium, titanium or stainless steels at glass surface, make product become to enrich color, visible light there is suitable transmitance, near infrared ray there is higher reflectivity, ultraviolet ray there is very low transmitance, has improved the sunshade performance greatly.The low-emission coated Low-E plated film that cries again, the Low-E coated glass has higher transmittance to visible light; To infrared rays, particularly the mid and far infrared line has very high reflectivity, has good heat insulating function.The Low-E coated glass, be specially adapted to cold northern area, winter solar can thermal radiation sees through increases incity heat energy in the glass inlet chamber, and that the far infrared rays that indoor heating installation, household electrical appliances, human body etc. send is intercepted reflected back is indoor, has reduced the heating installation energy consumption effectively.
And according to the raw-material state difference of used plated film, the on-line coating technology can be divided into gaseous state coating technique, liquid coating technique and solid-state coating technique.
The gaseous state coating technique comprises low-emission coated and sunlight control plated film, mainly comprises low-emission coated.Wherein online low-emission coated, be online low-E plated film again, rete technology glass ribbon surface deposition multi-layer doping or unadulterated metal oxide or metallic compound of the heat that refer on the float glass process production line, promptly moves.Wherein gasiform sunlight is controlled plated film, and mainly referring to the gaseous silane is the coated glass of the metallic diaphragm of main raw material.
Liquid coating technique comprises sunlight control plated film and low-emission coated, mainly comprises sunlight control plated film, and rete mainly is made up of metal oxide.As high temperature pyrolytic cracking (HTP) of the prior art, liquid ejecting method etc.
Solid-state coating technique is mainly sunlight control plated film, and rete mainly is made up of metal oxide, as powder injection process etc.
The defective of existing sunlight control coating technique: utilization rate of raw materials is not high, sedimentation effect is low, over-burden for exhaust system, extraction hood cleans or purge cycles is short etc.
Chinese patent discloses a kind of film coating method and equipment of making sheet glass for No. 90100637.8, its disclosed method and apparatus is applicable to and carries out online Low-E plated film on floatation glass production line, this patent provides a controlled atmosphere cell at the tin bath outlet place, be full of nitrogen in the controlled atmosphere cell and controlled atmosphere cell space directly is connected with the molten tin bath space, to guarantee that this coating process is in the atmosphere of anaerobic in fact, in the controlled atmosphere cell, arrange 1-2 platform gas on-line coating equipment.Can prevent from like this in the controlled atmosphere cell, to form undesirable oxide compound, improve the on-line coating sedimentation effect.But in this patent, controlled atmosphere cell space directly is connected with the molten tin bath space, and then the atmosphere in the controlled atmosphere cell is identical with atmosphere in the molten tin bath space, all is reducing atmosphere, and this patent application be applicable to low-emission coated, i.e. Low-E plated film.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of on-line coating film of float glass method and apparatus, be applicable at floatation glass production line tin bath outlet place, online production is liquid or solid-state, as pulverous coated glass, be specially adapted to sunlight controlling coated glass, and be the sunlight controlling coated glass that contains metal oxide in the rete.
For realizing above-mentioned first purpose, the invention provides a kind of method of online coating flat glass, this method comprises: be full of protective gas for the interior tin liquor face superjacent air space of the molten tin bath that contains certain tin liquor; Effusive melten glass liquid flows in the molten tin bath from melting furnaces; Melten glass liquid floats over the tin liquor surface and travels forward, and cooling forms glass ribbon gradually; After glass ribbon leaves molten tin bath, enter the atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle, in the atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle, at the glass ribbon at least one tunic layer of surface deposition that makes progress; Glass ribbon behind the plated film carries out cooling, annealing progressively; cut, descend sheet, packing again; and before glass ribbon begins plated film; give aerating oxygen in the atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle; make the atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle keep certain oxidizing gas atmosphere; the protective gas that is fed in the oxidizing gas that is fed and the molten tin bath is different, the gaseous species difference, and role is also different.
Be to hold in the palm on a series of transition rollers when glass ribbon leaves tin bath outlet, and the traction of process transition roller.
The position of described atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle and molten tin bath is relatively independent.
Keep the internal pressure in described atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle to be higher than the pressure of outside atmosphere, to be lower than the pressure of superjacent air space in the molten tin bath simultaneously.
Described at least one tunic layer is applied by at least one film coating apparatus, and this film coating apparatus is to the upper surface of described glass ribbon supply coating raw material, and with the plated film waste emptying of rete upstream and downstream.
For realizing above-mentioned second purpose, the invention provides a kind of equipment of online coating flat glass, comprising: one contains the molten tin bath of soldering tin, and described molten tin bath comprises inlet and outlet; In groove, send into the device of melten glass liquid at described molten tin bath inlet end, and make melten glass advance to the device of described tin bath outlet end along the tin liquor surface; Be installed in the tin bath outlet a plurality of transition rollers adjacent with the tin bath outlet end; In one of the position outside the tin bath outlet, on the transition roller airtight atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle; Film coating apparatus and the gas barrier in described atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle, installed; Also comprise a plurality of check aprons between molten tin bath and atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle, described molten tin bath and atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle are separate airtight.
The advantage of the method and apparatus of online coating flat glass of the present invention is: 1) be in the atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle at tin bath outlet place independent, be not connected with molten tin bath, being full of in the atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle has the oxidizing gas atmosphere, to replace original atmosphere (as air etc.), so just can make the oxidizing reaction of coating film area more complete, improved sedimentation effect, also improve raw-material utilization ratio, reduced production cost; 2) the present invention is applicable to different plated film types, particularly produces liquid and solid-state sunlight controlling coated glass; 3) keep the pressure of the oxidizing gas in the atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle certain, so neither can impact, also can not make the reducing atmosphere in the molten tin bath that coating film area is caused disadvantageous effect molten tin bath atmosphere; 3) oxidizing atmosphere in the atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle helps the crystalline growth of oxide compound in the rete, thereby has improved the tack of rete on the sheet glass of heat; 4) raising of sedimentation effect and utilization rate of raw materials, make conversely the plated film waste that produces in the plated film production process particularly the amount of solid waste will reduce, prolonged the cleaning of gas barrier or the cycle of purging.
[embodiment]
In the production process of float glass, the glass metal of heat or glass ribbon flow through successively melting furnaces, chute, molten tin bath, transition roller and annealing furnace arrive the operations such as cutting, time sheet and packing of cold junction again, just can obtain finished product.
As shown in Figure 1, show the flow through structure of molten tin bath of the glass metal of heat or glass ribbon.Frit drops at the kiln hood place of melting furnaces, and for designs simplification, the structure of melting furnaces is not shown in the drawings.Through stages such as fusion, homogenizing, clarifications, fused glass metal 1 flow to chute 2, and chute 2 plays the effect that connects melting furnaces and molten tin bath.Glass metal 1 flows into the flow of molten tin bath and regulates by regulating flashboard 3 from chute 2, glass metal 1 flows on the surface of tin liquor 19 in the molten tin bath by flashboard slit 4, the size in flashboard slit 4 has determined the size of glass metal 1 flow, with the moulding of glass ribbon confidential relation is arranged.This molten tin bath comprises inlet headwall 6 ', at the bottom of the pond 20 and the outlet headwall 13 ', the both sides side wall of molten tin bath is not shown, roof construction 12 is to be supported in the top of molten tin bath and to make the top of tin liquor 19 become the molten tin bath space 21 of qualification, play sealing and heat insulation effect, roof construction 12 comprises a front wall 6 and a back wall 13 of downward extension, front wall 6 extends downward the surface near tin liquor 19, thereby the inlet of molten tin bath is limited to certain height, the extension 5 of roof construction 12 extends to regulates flashboard 3 places, makes molten tin bath become an airtight space.
Flow into the molten tin bath from chute 2 effusive glass metals 1, in the tiling of the surface of tin liquor 19, expansion, form the glass ribbon 18 of uniformly required thickness under the effect of mechanical force (not shown), tin liquor 19 also continues to promote glass ribbon 18 and advances.Through whole molten tin bath, the temperature of glass ribbon 18 reduces gradually, approximately drop to 620 degree from 1150 degree, temperature plays crucial effects in the moulding process of glass ribbon 18, in order to keep spatial temperature in the molten tin bath, a plurality of well heaters 7 and refrigerating unit (not shown) are installed also in the molten tin bath.
In addition; because tin liquor 19 is very easy in the oxidation of airborne oxygen institute; so whole molten tin bath space 21 keeps sealing as far as possible; and a plurality ofly be in charge of 8,10,11 and feed protective gas by on the roof construction 12 of molten tin bath, inserting; and make whole molten tin bath space 21 keep a kind of reducing atmosphere; being in charge of 8,10,11 is connected with outside house steward 9; the protective gas that is fed is generally the mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen; the volume percent of nitrogen is approximately 94-99%, and the volume percent of hydrogen is 1-5%.
The back wall 13 of roof construction 12 and the outlet headwall 13 of molten tin bath ' upper surface between define the outlet 22 of glass ribbon 18 that on tin liquor 19, forms heat.Take off roll that band drives or transition roller 17 are installed in outside the outlet 22.When transition roller 17 is installed, make a little higher than outlet headwall 13 of its upper surface ' upper face, thereby hot glass ribbon 18 is lifted when molten tin bath comes out slightly so that arrive on the transition rollers 17 from exporting 22 tractions along horizontal direction.Because the glass ribbon 18 enough sclerosis in outlet 22 positions, thus contact and unlikely damage with transition roller 17, but still can from tin liquor 19 surfaces glass ribbon be mentioned as shown in Figure 1.
Glass ribbon from export 22 come out after, at once, enter atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 16 then through check apron 14, check apron 14 upper ends are fixed on the crown wall 23, and keep nature sagging, this crown wall 23 is simultaneously as the crown wall in atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 23.Check apron 14 mainly is made of resistant to elevated temperatures glasscloth, and the total quantity of check apron 14 is the 3-4 road, and its effect is exactly in order farthest to keep the sealing in molten tin bath space 21, to keep molten tin bath spatial reducing atmosphere.One enclosing wall 15 is set between check apron 14 and atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 16, this enclosing wall while is as the front wall 15 in atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 16, further play the effect of isolating atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 16 and molten tin bath space 21, making atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 16 is the independently space of a sealing with respect to molten tin bath.
See also Fig. 2, indicate first embodiment of the structure in atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 16, glass ribbon 18 is through after the check apron 14, under the support of transition roller 17, enter atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 16, it is made of front wall 15, back wall 24, crown wall 23, in addition, atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 11 also should comprise bottom construction (figure do not show), by above-mentioned member match constitute atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 16 and transition roller 17 and the glass ribbon 18 that passes through be fully enclosed in.Feed protective gas by conduit 26 in atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 16, for example oxygen makes atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 16 keep certain oxidizing atmosphere, like this, could form desired metal oxide plated film.Prior art is to be open in filming equipment and coating film area in the atmosphere fully, perhaps coating film area is communicated with molten tin bath, make coating film area and molten tin bath zone be all reducing atmosphere, will cause raw material availability not high, problems such as plated film reaction is abundant inadequately, and over-burden for exhaust system, extraction hood cleans or purge cycles is short.
During use, atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 16 will remain on the internal pressure higher slightly than external pressure, but preferably will be lower than the pressure of the reducing atmosphere in molten tin bath space 21, like this, just can not produce any adverse influence to molten tin bath.Give atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 16 aerating oxygens, realize by conduit 26.Conduit 26 feeds from front wall 15 among Fig. 2, and certainly, conduit 26 also can feed from crown wall 23, also can feed from front wall 15 and crown wall 23 simultaneously, as long as guarantee the uniform distribution of the oxygen in the atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 16.
Film coating apparatus 27, spray gun 28 and gas barrier 29 also are installed in atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 16.Spray gun 28 tilts to place, is limited on the film coating apparatus 27, and can be reciprocating.Spray gun 28 links to each other with coating raw material 31 by conduit 30, and coating raw material 31 is contained in the container 32.Spray gun 28 also is connected with an atomization gas conduit (not shown), under the drive of atomization gas, by spray gun 28 coating raw material 31 is plated to hot glass ribbon 18 surfaces, coating raw material 31 is in the glass ribbon 18 surperficial pyroreactions of heat, under oxidizing atmosphere, very easy generation layer of metal oxide membranous layer.
The by product that the coating raw material that does not react, plated film reaction are generated is referred to as the plated film waste.Two gas barrier 29 that link to each other with outside blower fan by being positioned at the downstream are discharged the plated film waste, are connected in the retrieving arrangement after the discharge to recycle.
Also be provided with heating unit 33 in the atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 16, can keep the required temperature range of coating raw material 31 reactions by heating unit 33.
See also Fig. 3, be second embodiment in atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 16, the difference of itself and Fig. 2 is: spray gun 28 does not tilt, and is straight down; Two gas barrier 29 are not the downstream positions that all is positioned at film coating apparatus 27, but a upstream that is positioned at film coating apparatus 27, one is positioned at its downstream.Can reach the effect that the plated film waste is thoroughly got rid of like this.
The glass ribbon 18 of heat through atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle 16 after, move to annealing furnace 35 and carry out progressively cooling, annealing, cut again, operations such as sheet, packing down, promptly can be made into final coated glass product.
Method of the present invention is applicable to online liquid or solid-state coated glass, is specially adapted to the production of sunlight controlling coated glass.This method can be used to make multi-purpose coated glass.
No. the 90100637.8th, the present invention and Chinese patent are disclosed a kind ofly makes the film coating method of sheet glass and the identical point of equipment is: the atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle of a sealing all is set, and keeps certain atmosphere in the atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle of sealing.Difference comprises: the atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle and the molten tin bath that 1) seal among the present invention are relatively independent, separate, and the atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle that seals in the contrast patent are communicated with molten tin bath; 2) atmosphere in atmosphere in the atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle that seals among the present invention and the molten tin bath is distinct, in the atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle of sealing is oxidizing atmosphere, in the molten tin bath is reducing atmosphere, and molten tin bath atmosphere is if in coating film area, can cause the quality of rete and have a strong impact on, cause the reaction of Coating Materials incomplete, and the tack difference of film material and glass etc., and the atmosphere in the atmosphere watch-keeping cubicle of the sealing of contrast patent is the same with the atmosphere of molten tin bath, is reducing atmosphere; 3) the present invention is fit to different plated film types, mainly is applicable to sunlight control plated film; And that the contrast patent is applicable to is low-emission coated, i.e. Low-E plated film.
Our described specific embodiment is illustrative; rather than be used for qualification to scope of the present invention; those of ordinary skill in the art are in the modification and the variation of the equivalence of doing according to spirit of the present invention, all should be encompassed in the scope that claim of the present invention protects.