CN1885074A - High-performance compact planar lightwave circuit device based on photon crystal - Google Patents
High-performance compact planar lightwave circuit device based on photon crystal Download PDFInfo
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- CN1885074A CN1885074A CN 200610088238 CN200610088238A CN1885074A CN 1885074 A CN1885074 A CN 1885074A CN 200610088238 CN200610088238 CN 200610088238 CN 200610088238 A CN200610088238 A CN 200610088238A CN 1885074 A CN1885074 A CN 1885074A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于光子晶体的高性能紧凑型平面光波光路器件，包括输入通道、光子晶体与脊波导耦合模块、脊波导通道、功能模块和输出通道，所述光子晶体与脊波导耦合模块的接口处设有能提高光子晶体波导与脊波导的耦合效率的开口和周期缓变的一维光子晶体，输入光波沿周期缓变的一维光子晶体进入开口，转向后与设置在脊波导通道上的功能模块连接；所述功能模块由二维光子晶体功能光路、光子晶体与脊波导耦合模块和脊波导通道构成，在二维光子晶体功能光路的侧面设有控制部件。本发明利用缓变周期耦合谐振腔加非线性缓变作为光子晶体与脊波导的耦合接口，提高了脊波导至光子晶体波导的耦合效率。The invention discloses a high-performance compact planar light wave optical circuit device based on photonic crystals, including an input channel, a photonic crystal and ridge waveguide coupling module, a ridge waveguide channel, a functional module and an output channel, and the photonic crystal and ridge waveguide coupling module The interface of the interface is provided with an opening that can improve the coupling efficiency between the photonic crystal waveguide and the ridge waveguide and a one-dimensional photonic crystal that gradually changes in period. The functional modules on the board are connected; the functional modules are composed of two-dimensional photonic crystal functional optical path, photonic crystal and ridge waveguide coupling module and ridge waveguide channel, and control components are arranged on the side of the two-dimensional photonic crystal functional optical path. The invention utilizes a slowly variable periodic coupling resonant cavity plus a nonlinear slow change as the coupling interface between the photonic crystal and the ridge waveguide, thereby improving the coupling efficiency from the ridge waveguide to the photonic crystal waveguide.
Description
One, technical field
The invention belongs to the integrated opto-electronic technical field, relate to a kind of novel passive integrated optical device, specifically a kind of high-performance compact planar lightwave circuit device based on photonic crystal.
Two, background technology
Photonic crystal has been obtained huge development.Owing to have the characteristic of control light path on wavelength magnitude, make and realize that compact planar lightwave circuit device (PLC) becomes possibility.Although the constraint fully of light wave can only realize that up to the present, the three-D photon crystal manufacture craft does not break through as yet by three-dimensional photon crystal structure.And 2 D photon crystal is made relatively easily, can planar retrain light wave; Because refringence is higher, wherein the loss of guided wave mould is extremely low simultaneously.Therefore, therefrom, short-term realizes point of view of application, the 2D-PC waveguide is the feasible program that constitutes PLCs at present.If but can not will couple light in the 2D-PC waveguide efficiently, its practical application will be very restricted.Therefore, one of gordian technique of utilizing photonic crystal realization optical integrated device and making it practicability is the effective coupling that realizes photonic crystal slab guide and ridge waveguide.So far existing multiple raising photon crystal wave-guide is to the scheme of ridge waveguide coupling efficiency.Mainly contain: interfere resonance coupling, the coupling of J type, taper coupling etc.The resonant mode smaller bandwidth of interfering the resonance coupling model can't make full use of the bandwidth of photon crystal wave-guide; The ridge waveguide direction of structural requirement incident of J type and outgoing must change 90 ° and could be coupled with photon crystal wave-guide; The taper coupling is the coupling scheme of the most often using at present, but does not consider the mode switch problem.Adopt the gradual coupled resonator of distance can between ridge waveguide and photon crystal wave-guide, carry out mode switch effectively.Though solved the coupling efficiency that the mode switch problem can not improve photon crystal wave-guide and ridge waveguide but directly use this structure.
Three, summary of the invention
The present invention will solve be photonic crystal and ridge waveguide coupling and with photonic crystal and ridge waveguide applied in any combination in the problem of PLC, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of high-performance compact planar lightwave circuit device based on photonic crystal, this planar lightwave circuit device can improve coupling efficiency, makes photonic crystal have purposes widely in the PLC device.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of high-performance compact planar lightwave circuit device based on photonic crystal, comprise input channel, photonic crystal and ridge waveguide coupling module, the ridge waveguide passage, functional module and output channel, input channel is connected with the light wave input end, output channel is connected with light signal output end, it is characterized in that: the interface of described photonic crystal and ridge waveguide coupling module is provided with the opening and the gradual 1-D photon crystal of cycle of the coupling efficiency that can improve photon crystal wave-guide and ridge waveguide, the input light wave enters opening along gradual 1-D photon crystal of cycle, and the functional module on turning to the back and being arranged on the ridge waveguide passage is connected; Described functional module is made of 2 D photon crystal function light path, photonic crystal and ridge waveguide coupling module and ridge waveguide passage, is provided with control assembly in the side of 2 D photon crystal function light path.Described control assembly is can realize the control signal of functions such as transmission line cut-out, commutation is introduced parts.
Among the present invention, described opening boundary shape is linearity or nonlinear Distribution, and the shape of opening is by function f (z)=(W
1+ W
2)/4+[(W
1-W
2)/4] * cos (π z/l), determine; In the formula, W
1Be the size of photon crystal wave-guide coupling porch opening, W
2Be the openings of sizes of photon crystal wave-guide coupling with the photon crystal wave-guide interface, f (z) is a photon crystal wave-guide coupling interface shape function, for generalized case, if a is the cycle, and then desirable W
1=4a, W
2=2a.
The present invention can design and form the sub-crystal right-angled bend of efficiency light device, and at this moment, described photonic crystal and ridge waveguide coupling module are provided with mutually perpendicular two openings.The present invention can also be designed to other types of devices that the user needs, and at this moment, functional module is the device of selecting according to user's requirement.
In order to improve through the later photon crystal wave-guide of mode switch and the coupling efficiency of ridge waveguide, can consider the photon crystal wave-guide that adopts the border gradual, better realize propagating into the transformation of low-refraction propagation from high index of refraction.The present invention adopts linear and efficient coupling is realized on non-linear (longitudinal cosine type) border.Adopt linear barrier's condition and the gradual coupler waveguide of distance to realize the photon crystal wave-guide of coupling and the right-angled bend device of ridge waveguide coupling, this is the elementary cell that constitutes that photonic crystal and ridge waveguide make up.On this basis, can utilize photon crystal coupled border and right-angle turning device with ridge waveguide component part photonic crystal, the high-performance compact planar lightwave circuit device of part ridge waveguide.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention has realized the efficient coupling of photon crystal wave-guide and ridge waveguide, utilizes the gentle photonic crystal border that becomes of the gradual coupling resonance cavity waveguide of distance can obtain higher coupling efficiency.Employing cosine design, behind the gradual coupling resonance cavity waveguide of service range in the frequency spectrum of broad its coupling efficiency surpass 95%.90 degree turning problems of light wave have been solved simultaneously effectively.Effectively constituted the part photonic crystal, the high-performance compact planar lightwave circuit device of part ridge waveguide.
The present invention can effectively bring into play characteristics separately with coupling unit, turn round unit and controllable type photonic crystal elements combination in any, forms all kinds of compact planar lightwave circuit function elements; And be convenient to add physical quantitys such as external electricity, sound, heat.Use the plane manufacture craft simultaneously, be convenient to integratedly, can be coupled with optical fiber easily.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a coupling border synoptic diagram among the present invention.
Fig. 3 is several gradual mode transmission spectrum contrasts.
Fig. 4 (a) is a photon crystal wave-guide right-angled bend functional block diagram.
Fig. 4 (b) is the transfer efficiency figure that is coupled to ridge waveguide after the realization right-angled bend once more.
Fig. 5 is a photonic crystal directional coupler design drawing.
Fig. 6 is a photonic crystal directional coupler transmission spectrogram, wherein, (a) divides attitude transmission spectrogram for intersection attitude, (c) for merit for straight-through attitude, (b).
Fig. 7 is based on the structural drawing of the compact M-Z interferometer on coupling border.
Fig. 8 utilizes controllable type photonic crystal elements and photonic crystal right-angle turning unit, constitutes light buffer structure figure.
Five, embodiment
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention, by input channel 1, and photonic crystal and ridge waveguide coupling module 2, ridge waveguide passage 3, functional module 4, output channel 5 is formed.Light field enters photonic crystal and ridge waveguide coupling module 2 from input channel 1 input, is coupled as realizing the right-angle turning function in the photonic crystal through photonic crystal and ridge waveguide coupling module 2, has effectively reduced the length of ridge waveguide right-angle turning.The interface of photonic crystal and ridge waveguide coupling module 2 is provided with the opening 6 and the gradual 1-D photon crystal 7 of cycle of the coupling efficiency that can improve photon crystal wave-guide and ridge waveguide, the input light wave enters opening 6 along gradual 1-D photon crystal 7 of cycle, and the functional module 4 on turning to the back and being arranged on ridge waveguide passage 3 is connected; Opening 6 and cycle, gradual 1-D photon crystal 7 can improve the coupling efficiency of photon crystal wave-guide and ridge waveguide.Described functional module 4 is made of 2 D photon crystal function light path, photonic crystal and ridge waveguide coupling module 2 and ridge waveguide passage 3, is provided with control assembly 8 in the side of 2 D photon crystal function light path.Described control assembly 8 is can realize the control signal of functions such as transmission line cut-out, commutation is introduced parts.
Fig. 2 has provided the concrete structure synoptic diagram of photonic crystal and ridge waveguide coupling.F among the figure (z)=(W
1+ W
2)/4+[(W
1-W
2)/4] * cos (π z/l), W
1Be the size of photon crystal wave-guide coupling interface opening, W
2Be the openings of sizes at photon crystal wave-guide coupling interface and photon crystal wave-guide place, f (z) is a photon crystal wave-guide coupling interface shape function.For generalized case, if a is the cycle, then desirable W
1=4a, W
2=2a.Gradual successively 0.1 cycle of the distance of coupling resonance cavity waveguide.Change to 1 cycle from initial at a distance of (cylindrical center's distance) 0.4 cycle, this moment, distance no longer changed; The exit variable in distance is opposite.It is gradual that every place adopts 7 medium pillars to carry out altogether, adds that on the both sides of coupling resonance cavity waveguide photonic crystal just can constitute the coupling of medium ridge waveguide and photon crystal wave-guide.In order to improve through the later photon crystal wave-guide of mode switch and the coupling efficiency of ridge waveguide, can consider the photon crystal wave-guide that adopts the border gradual, better realize propagating into the transformation of low-refraction propagation from high index of refraction.The present invention considers to adopt non-linear (longitudinal cosine type) border to realize efficient coupling.
Fig. 3 has provided several gradual mode transmission spectrum contrasts, has proved and has adopted coupling of the present invention border can obtain efficient coupling input and output.Fig. 4 (a) is a photon crystal wave-guide right-angled bend functional module.Fig. 4 (b) has provided and imported the transfer efficiency figure that is coupled to ridge waveguide after photonic crystal right-angled bend device is realized turning once more from ridge waveguide.The scanning electron microscope vertical view of chip.
Fig. 5 is first example of the present invention.Adopt the design of figure one block diagram, finished from the design of ridge waveguide, photonic crystal mixing compact high performance directional coupler.Utilize and linear gradually can utilize the turning unit that incident light is coupled among the PCW-DC after the ridge waveguide width of broad can being narrowed down to gradually 0.4a.After PCW-DC is coupled, output in the optical fiber by turning unit and ridge waveguide once more.Thereby can realize straight-through attitude, intersection attitude and merit branch attitude between the optical fiber.Concrete structure as shown in Figure 5.At 1.55 μ m places, the P-PCW of core claps the long 48a of being among this PCW-DC, is approximately 20 μ m.This shows that the length of directional coupler greatly reduces, very help the making of compact photon device.This device PCW-DC different length has determined different couple states, and Fig. 6 has provided the transmission spectrum under three kinds of states (straight-through attitude, intersection attitude, 3dB merit branch attitude).
Fig. 7 is second example of the present invention.Utilize photon crystal coupled border can realize compact M-Z interferometer.Utilize photonic crystal can effectively realize the right-angled bend of light wave, make and effectively reduced M-Z two arms 5-10 micron at interval the M-Z interferometer and be changed to the length that two arm places need from input, output ridge waveguide.
Fig. 8 utilizes controllable type photonic crystal elements and photonic crystal right-angle turning unit, constitutes the light buffer structure.Light signal is from photonic crystal directional coupler P1 incident, enter into photonic crystal directional coupler P1 port, select suitable voltage according to wavelength, make directional coupler be in the intersection attitude, light signal is from the P3 outgoing like this, when right-angle turning device 1 does not power up, 1 is right-angle turning, signal is incident to the 1b outgoing from 1a, this moment, signal entered into 2 backs from P2 incident, have only half bat long because directional coupler is intersection attitude and P1 road, signal can only be from the P3 outgoing, and so light will enclose (P3 → 1 → 2 → P2 → P3) advance along this; When powering up on 1,1c will form path, and 1b is obstructed, and signal, continues to advance along ridge waveguide to the 1c outgoing from 1a incident.This has just constituted the light time-delay mechanism.
Claims (5)
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104536235A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-22 | 欧阳征标 | Photonic crystal all-optical multi-step delay self or transformation logic gate |
| CN104536238A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-22 | 欧阳征标 | Photonic crystal all-optical multi-step delay or transformation logic gate |
| CN104536237A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-22 | 欧阳征标 | Photonic crystal all-optical anti-interference self-locking triggering switch |
| CN104536234A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-22 | 欧阳征标 | High-contrast photonic crystal or, nor and xor logic gate |
| CN105277489A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-01-27 | 英飞凌科技股份有限公司 | Sensing systems and methods using a coupling structure |
| CN109709641A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-05-03 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of multimode cross structure based on periodic dielectric waveguide and its design method |
-
2006
- 2006-07-05 CN CN 200610088238 patent/CN1885074A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105277489A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-01-27 | 英飞凌科技股份有限公司 | Sensing systems and methods using a coupling structure |
| US10345227B2 (en) | 2014-07-23 | 2019-07-09 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Sensing systems and methods using a coupling structure |
| CN104536235A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-22 | 欧阳征标 | Photonic crystal all-optical multi-step delay self or transformation logic gate |
| CN104536238A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-22 | 欧阳征标 | Photonic crystal all-optical multi-step delay or transformation logic gate |
| CN104536237A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-22 | 欧阳征标 | Photonic crystal all-optical anti-interference self-locking triggering switch |
| CN104536234A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-22 | 欧阳征标 | High-contrast photonic crystal or, nor and xor logic gate |
| CN104536234B (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-11-14 | 欧阳征标 | High-contrast photonic crystal OR, NOT, XOR logic gates |
| CN109709641A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-05-03 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of multimode cross structure based on periodic dielectric waveguide and its design method |
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