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CN1879116B - 无接触ic系统和移动终端 - Google Patents

无接触ic系统和移动终端 Download PDF

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CN1879116B
CN1879116B CN2004800327696A CN200480032769A CN1879116B CN 1879116 B CN1879116 B CN 1879116B CN 2004800327696 A CN2004800327696 A CN 2004800327696A CN 200480032769 A CN200480032769 A CN 200480032769A CN 1879116 B CN1879116 B CN 1879116B
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supply
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CN1879116A (zh
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万羽修
福崎惠
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Sharp Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract

无接触IC系统1被安装在移动电话100的外壳之内并且它包括：天线线圈11；IC模块12，用于经由由天线线圈11接收的无线电波来接收功率和通信信息；中央算术处理单元13，用于控制整个系统和控制对IC模块12的驱动电源供给；稳压器14，用于提供驱动电源给IC模块12；电压检测电路15，用于检测经由天线线圈11提供的功率；电池16；总线17；和开关18。中央算术处理单元13根据对经由天线线圈11提供的功率的检测的结果和IC模块12的通信状态来控制对IC模块12的驱动电源供给。

Description

无接触IC系统和移动终端
技术领域
本发明涉及一种无接触IC系统和一种移动终端，用于通过使用作为介质的电磁波来发射和接收数据。特别地，本发明涉及一种无接触IC系统，其中无接触IC模块被安装在诸如移动电话之类的终端中。
背景技术
最近，包含IC模块的IC卡正快速地变得通用，因为IC卡相比于磁卡能够获得更高的安全性。特别地，经由无线电波通过电磁感应等进行数据传输的无接触IC卡具有的优点是能够在有很多灰尘的环境中以高的可靠性工作，因为它的IC模块不暴露于外界。
无接触IC卡通过经由天线线圈中的电磁感应将由IC读卡器/写卡器发射的无线电波用作功率供给来工作。无接触IC卡因为经由作为介质的无线电波来提供功率供给，所以不总是提供有稳定的电功率。为了确保稳定的电源，已经提议了配备有诸如二次电池、电容器或电池之类的外部电源的无接触IC卡或无接触IC系统。
关于为无接触IC卡提供电源，日本专利公开(KoKai)No.2000-90220A公开了一种包括二次电池或电容器以及通过接收经由天线线圈提供的电功率来对二次电池或电容器进行充电的充电电路的无接触IC卡。同样地，日本专利公开(KoKai)No.2003-36427A公开了一种能够在经由天线线圈提供的电功率和诸如电池之类的外部电源之间无缝切换的半导体集成电路。
然而，这种常规的无接触IC卡在以下方面中是有问题的。
为了在微弱的或不稳定的无线电波环境中稳定地操作配备有对二次电池或电容器进行充电的充电系统的无接触IC系统，二次电池或电容器需要已被充电。尽管可以总是利用来自诸如电池之类的外部电源的恒定电功率供给来稳定地操作该系统，但是这将导致这种电池的功耗的增加。在所提出的能够在经由天线线圈提供的电功率和从诸如电池之类的外部电源提供的电功率之间无缝切换的半导体集成电路中，没有公开用于实现诸如移动电话之类的移动终端中的无接触IC系统的电源控制的特定方法。
发明内容
考虑到这样的问题，得出本发明，本发明的一个目的是提供即使当经由无线电波通过电磁感应的功率供给微弱或不稳定时也能够进行稳定通信的无接触IC系统和移动终端。
本发明的IC卡系统包括天线线圈、IC模块和电池。它是一个无接触IC系统，用于经由由天线线圈接收的无线电波来接收电功率和通信信息。本发明的IC卡系统的特征在于它包括：电功率检测装置，用于检测经由天线线圈提供的电功率；以及控制装置，用于基于来自电功率检测装置的检测结果来控制IC模块的驱动电源供给。
本发明的IC卡系统包括天线线圈、IC模块和电池。它是一个无接触IC系统，用于经由由天线线圈接收的无线电波来接收电功率和通信信息。本发明的IC卡系统的特征在于它包括：开关，用于提供电力给IC模块；以及控制装置，用于根据开关的状态的变化控制IC模块的驱动电源供给。
更加优选地，系统还包括：通信状态检测装置，用于检测IC模块的通信状态，控制装置基于来自通信状态检测装置的检测结果来控制IC模块的驱动电源供给。
系统还可以包括开关，用于提供电力给IC模块，并且控制装置可以根据该开关的状态的变化来控制IC模块的驱动电源供给。
同样，系统可以包括：由天线线圈和IC模块组成的接口；中央算术处理单元，用于基于来自接口的信息执行各种控制，其中中央算术处理单元控制控制装置的驱动电源供给。
优选地，电池配备有稳压器，用于提供预定驱动电源给IC模块。
在一个更加优选的实施方式中，IC模块利用作为介质的电磁波来接收来自IC读卡器/写卡器的电功率和通信信息。
根据本发明的移动终端包括根据上述第1至第4技术方面中任意一项的无接触IC系统。
附图说明
图1A示出移动终端的正视图，根据本发明第一实施方式的无接触IC系统被应用于该移动终端。
图1B示出使用无接触IC系统的移动终端的后视图。
图2是示出无接触IC系统的结构的框图。
图3是示出无接触IC系统的电源控制操作的控制时序图。
图4是示出根据本发明第二实施方式的无接触IC系统的电源控制操作的控制时序图。
具体实施方式
将参考附图更加详细地描述本发明。
第一实施方式
图1A是使用根据本发明第一实施方式的无接触IC系统的移动终端的正视图；图1B示出该移动终端的后视图。这是一个实例，其中本发明应用于安装有无接触IC模块的通信终端、例如移动电话。
在图1A和图1B中，数字100表示移动电话(移动终端)，数字1表示置于移动电话100中的无接触IC系统。
常规的无接触IC卡不具有诸如二次电池或电池之类的外部电源，而是将经由天线线圈通过电磁感应的电功率用作IC模块的驱动电源。相反地，本发明的无接触IC系统1将从移动电话100的电池提供的电功率用作驱动电源，并且通过电磁感应的电功率主要被用于在控制对IC模块的电源供给时作出判定。
图2是示出无接触IC系统1的结构的框图。
在图2中，数字1表示无接触IC系统，数字2表示IC读卡器/写卡器。
无接触IC系统1包括：天线线圈11；IC模块12，用于经由由天线线圈11接收的无线电波来接收电功率和通信信息；中央算术处理单元13(控制装置和通信状态检测装置)，用于控制整个系统和对IC模块12的驱动电源供给；与电池16连接的稳压器14，用于提供预定驱动电源给IC模块12；电压检测电路15(功率检测装置)，用于检测经由天线线圈11提供的电功率；由二次电池等组成的电池16；总线17；以及开关18。IC模块12由控制电路21、电源电路22和通信电路23组成。
中央算术处理单元13由微计算机组成，该微计算机包括CPU、用于存储由CPU执行的程序或数据的ROM、RAM、EEPROM(电可擦除可编程ROM)等。中央算术处理单元13根据对经由天线线圈11提供的电功率的检测的结果以及IC模块12的通信状态来控制对IC模块12的驱动电源供给。中央算术处理单元13可以被构造为用于执行无接触IC系统1中的各种控制的系统的专用中央算术处理单元。可替换地，控制单元可以由移动电话中的CPU等组成并且可以兼作无接触IC系统的用以运行驱动电源控制程序的单元。另外，可替换地，电子电路可以被使用，在该电子电路中使用定时器、而不使用处理器等来执行时序控制。
开关18由诸如按钮之类的物理开关和/或使用移动电话100上的菜单或可选配置的软件开关组成。
在无接触IC系统1中，IC模块12、中央算术处理单元13、稳压器14、电压检测电路15和开关18经由总线17连接。
天线线圈11和IC模块12形成接口(I/F)，其中中央算术处理单元13从该接口接收信息执行各种控制和驱动电源控制，这将稍后描述。
下面描述如上所述构造的无接触IC系统的操作。首先，描述在无接触IC系统1和IC读卡器/写卡器2之间执行的电功率检测操作。
当由IC读卡器/写卡器2发射的无线电波经由天线线圈11到达IC模块12时，由于天线线圈11中的电磁感应，IC模块12中的电磁感应电压增加。电压检测电路15检测到由于电磁感应电压的增加而引起的电压变化，然后将该电压变化经由总线17传送到中央算术处理单元13。电压检测电路15构成检测装置，用于检测由电磁感应产生的电功率。
同样，由IC读卡器/写卡器2发射的无线电波经由天线线圈11到达IC模块12。当这个波包含通信波时，IC模块12经由天线线圈11与IC读卡器/写卡器2进行通信。由IC模块12检测到的通信开始或结束信号经由总线17被传送到中央算术处理单元13。以此方式，IC模块12的通信状态被检测到。
中央算术处理单元13根据检测结果经由总线17控制稳压器14并且开始或停止对IC模块12的驱动电源供给。中央算术处理单元13构成用于控制对IC模块12的驱动电源供给的装置。
图3是示出非接触IC系统1中的电源控制操作的控制时序图。
当天线线圈11检测到微弱的电功率载波时，立刻在天线线圈11中出现电磁感应。由电磁感应产生的交流电在IC模块12中的电源电路22中被整流并且作为电磁感应电压输出到电压检测电路15。电压检测电路15检测电压变化并且通知给中央算术处理单元13。然后，中央算术处理单元13启动定时器准备提供电源给IC模块12(步骤201)。此后，中央算术处理单元13控制稳压器14以便开始将电源提供给IC模块12(步骤202)。
IC模块12在接收到电源之后开始与IC读卡器/写卡器2通信，并且通知中央算术处理单元13通信开始。中央算术处理单元13刚一接收到关于通信开始的通知就使定时器中的设定时间复位(步骤203)。刚一完成与IC读卡器/写卡器2的通信，IC模块12就通知中央算术处理单元13通信结束。于是中央算术处理单元13刚一接收到通信结束的通知，就使定时器中的设定时间复位(步骤204)。
当定时器到时时，中央算术处理单元13停止定时器(步骤205)。响应于该定时器到时，中央算术处理单元13控制稳压器14以便终止对IC模块12的电源供给(步骤206)。该定时器被用于处理电源供给的终止、电功率载波的误差的检测、通信异常的检测以及在终止通信之后立即恢复通信。定时器可以被这样设置，在不再检测到电功率之后的某一时间或立即自动地终止功率供给。
在步骤201之后，如果在预定时间之后没有来自IC模块12的通信开始的通知，则在假定在电功率载波中检测到误差的情况下执行步骤205，由此终止对IC模块12的电源供给。同样，在步骤203之后，如果在预定时间之后没有来自IC模块12的通信结束的通知，则在假定通信异常的情况下执行步骤205，由此终止对IC模块12的电源供给。
在步骤204之后，考虑到恢复通信的可能性，在预定时间内监控通信状态。在预定时间内忽略电压变化的检测以便在步骤206中终止对IC模块12的电源供给之后电压检测电路15将不会检测电压变化。在步骤201、203、204中设置的定时器中的设定时间各自被合适地设置。
如上所述，本发明的无接触IC系统1被安装在移动电话100的外壳内并且包括：天线线圈11；IC模块12，用于经由由天线线圈11接收的电波接收电功率和通信信息；中央算术处理单元13，用于控制整个系统和对IC模块12的驱动电源供给；稳压器14，用于提供驱动电源给IC模块12；电压检测电路15，用于检测经由天线线圈11提供的电功率；电池16；总线17；以及开关18。因为中央算术处理单元13根据对经由天线线圈11提供的电功率的检测的结果和IC模块12的通信状态来控制对IC模块12的驱动电源供给，所以即使当经由无线电波通过电磁感应的功率供给微弱或不稳定时，也能够实现稳定通信。
在恒定地提供电功率给IC模块的常规无接触IC系统中，即使当不进行通信时也消耗电池功率。然而，根据本发明的无接触IC系统，因为中央算术处理单元13监控通过天线线圈11中的电磁感应产生的电功率和IC模块12的通信，所以对IC模块12的功率供给可被限制于通信周期。因此，能够使电池功率消耗最小化。
另外，即使由于例如离开IC读卡器/写卡器2的距离，由无线电波提供的电功率供给微弱或不稳定时，也能够实现稳定通信，因为有来自电池16的稳定的功率供给。同样，相比于常规无接触IC卡，可以增加离开IC读卡器/写卡器2的通信距离。
第二实施方式
图4示出根据本发明第二实施方式的无接触IC系统中的电源控制操作的控制时序图。针对与图3中相同的控制时序所执行的步骤用相同的附图标记来表示，并且省略重叠部分的说明。本实施方式的无接触IC系统的硬件结构与图2中所示的硬件结构相同。
在第一实施方式中，电压检测电路15中电压变化的检测被描述为对执行步骤201的触发。而在第二实施方式中，如图4中所示，开关18的状态的变化被检测出来作为这种触发。
也就是，中央算术处理单元13监控开关18的变化。刚一检测到变化，中央算术处理单元13就在步骤201中启动定时器准备提供电源给IC模块12。此后，中央算术处理单元13控制稳压器14并且开始提供电源给IC模块12(步骤202)。用于电源供给控制的随后操作与第一实施方式的那些操作相同。
根据第二实施方式，因为无接触IC系统的用户能够事先知道与IC读卡器/写卡器2的通信，所以他或她在开始通信之前能够改变开关18的状态。由此可以在无线电波接收之前提供电源给IC模块。因此，在无线电波接收之后能够立即开始通信，由此能够缩短通信时间。
尽管上述实施方式示出无接触IC系统被构建于移动电话100的外壳之内的例子，但是本发明可以应用于任何类型的移动终端，只要该移动终端包括无接触IC系统。除了诸如移动电话和PHS(个人手持电话系统)之类的移动通信终端之外，作为无接触IC系统10的终端的电子设备的例子还包括诸如膝上型个人计算机和PDA(个人数字助理)之类的移动信息终端。
尽管这些实施方式示出无接触IC系统1被安装在终端的外壳之内的例子，但是该系统也可以作为无接触IC系统功能被合并到终端设备等中。可替换地，该系统可以被构造为无接触IC卡以便电池和/或控制对IC模块的驱动电源供给的功能取决于终端设备。在这种情况下，将与IC模块共享终端设备的电池，并且终端设备的控制单元将执行IC模块驱动电源控制功能。在任何情况下，因为无接触IC系统被安装在移动终端设备上，所以能够与移动终端设备共享电池、中央算术处理单元等。因此，本发明可以容易地在不用增加元件的数量的情况下以低成本实现。
尽管所述实施方式涉及术语“无接触IC系统”，但是这仅仅是为了说明性的目的，并且可以使用诸如“电源设备”或“电源控制设备”之类的其他术语。另外，无接触IC系统可以是以无接触IC卡的形式，例如East Japan Railway Company的EO卡。
另外，无接触IC系统所包括的IC模块的类型或数目、电压检测电路、稳压器等等以及设置定时器或使定时器复位的方式并不限于在上述实施方式中所述的那些。
工业适用性
如上面特别描述的，根据本发明，功率供给可被限于通信周期，所以电池功耗可被最小化。同样，即使当经由无线电波通过电磁感应的功率供给微弱或不稳定时，也能够实现稳定通信。

Claims (10)

1.一种无接触IC系统，
包括天线线圈、
经由所述天线线圈进行通信的IC模块和
为所述IC模块提供电源的电池，
其中，所述无接触IC系统经由由所述天线线圈接收的电波来接收电功率载波和通信信息，天线线圈基于所述电功率载波产生电磁感应，
所述无接触IC系统还包括：
电功率检测装置，通过所述电磁感应检测电功率载波；以及
控制装置，
基于所述电功率检测装置对电功率载波的检测结果来控制开始从所述电池向所述IC模块的电功率的供给，接着开始通信；以及
当所述电功率检测装置检测不到所述电功率载波时，在从所述电池向所述IC模块的电功率的供给中进行控制以停止所述电功率的供给。
2.根据权利要求1的无接触IC系统，包括通信状态检测装置，用于检测所述IC模块的通信状态，其中所述控制装置基于所述通信状态检测装置对通信开始信号的检测来控制从所述电池到所述IC模块的电源供给被持续保持。
3.根据权利要求1或2的无接触IC系统，包括通信状态检测装置，用于检测所述IC模块的通信状态，其中当所述通信状态检测装置检测到通信结束信号时，所述控制装置控制从所述电池到所述IC模块的持续电源供给的维持。
4.根据权利要求1的无接触IC系统，包括：
包括所述天线线圈和所述IC模块的接口；以及
中央算术处理单元，用于根据来自所述接口的信息执行各种控制，
其中所述中央算术处理单元控制对所述控制装置的驱动电源供给。
5.根据权利要求1的无接触IC系统，其中所述电池配备有稳压器，该稳压器用于提供预定驱动电源给所述IC模块。
6.根据权利要求1的无接触IC系统，其中所述IC模块利用作为介质的电磁波来接收来自IC读卡器/写卡器的电功率和通信信息。 
7.根据权利要求1的无接触IC系统，其中当在对所述电功率载波的检测之后不再检测到电功率载波时，所述控制装置停止对所述IC模块提供电功率。
8.一种无接触IC系统，
包括天线线圈、
经由所述天线线圈进行通信的IC模块和
为所述IC模块提供电源的电池，
其中，所述无接触IC系统经由由所述天线线圈接收的电波来接收电功率载波和通信信息，天线线圈基于所述电功率载波产生电磁感应，
所述无接触IC系统还包括：
电功率检测装置，通过所述电磁感应检测电功率载波；以及
控制装置，基于所述电功率检测装置对电功率载波的检测结果来控制开始从所述电池向所述IC模块的电功率的供给，接着开始通信，
所述控制装置，
当所述电功率检测装置检测到所述电功率载波时，进行从所述电池向所述IC模块的驱动电源的供给；
当所述电功率检测装置检测不到所述电功率载波时，不进行从所述电池向所述IC模块的驱动电源的供给。
9.一种无接触IC系统，
包括天线线圈和经由所述天线线圈进行通信的IC模块，
其中，所述无接触IC系统经由由所述天线线圈接收的电波来接收电功率载波和通信信息，天线线圈基于所述电功率载波产生电磁感应，
所述无接触IC系统还包括：
电功率检测装置，通过所述电磁感应检测电功率载波；以及
控制装置，
响应所述电功率检测装置对电功率载波的检测来控制开始从系统外部到所述IC模块的电功率的供给，接着开始通信；以及
当所述电功率检测装置检测不到所述电功率载波时，在从所述系统外部向所述IC模块的电功率的供给中进行控制以停止所述电功率的供给。
10.一种包括根据权利要求1-9中任一项的无接触IC系统的移 动终端。 
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CN1879116A (zh) 2006-12-13
KR100939870B1 (ko) 2010-01-29
JPWO2005027034A1 (ja) 2007-11-08
EP1667056A1 (en) 2006-06-07
EP1667056B1 (en) 2012-02-01
WO2005027034A1 (ja) 2005-03-24
KR100965323B1 (ko) 2010-06-22
US20070057073A1 (en) 2007-03-15
KR20080109944A (ko) 2008-12-17
CN102222250A (zh) 2011-10-19
KR20060060035A (ko) 2006-06-02
EP1667056A4 (en) 2008-08-20

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