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CN1878685B - 电车控制装置 - Google Patents

电车控制装置 Download PDF

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CN1878685B
CN1878685B CN2005800012065A CN200580001206A CN1878685B CN 1878685 B CN1878685 B CN 1878685B CN 2005800012065 A CN2005800012065 A CN 2005800012065A CN 200580001206 A CN200580001206 A CN 200580001206A CN 1878685 B CN1878685 B CN 1878685B
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potential end
voltage sensor
intermediate potential
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voltage
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CN1878685A (zh
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永塚吉生
松本武郎
河本祥一
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Nexgen Control Systems LLC
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
    • B60L9/16—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using AC induction motors
    • B60L9/18—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using AC induction motors fed from DC supply lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
    • B60L9/16—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using AC induction motors
    • B60L9/18—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using AC induction motors fed from DC supply lines
    • B60L9/22—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using AC induction motors fed from DC supply lines polyphase motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/12—Induction machines

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  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
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  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
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  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

在对感应电动机进行驱动的电车控制装置中，使直流电压的检测精度提高。包括具有最大电位端A及中间电位端B及最小电位端C、在最大电位端A与中间电位端B之间的上位侧电容器6、以及在中间电位端B与最小电位端C之间的下位侧电容器7的直流电源装置。另外，包括具有在最大电位端A与最小电位端C之间的电阻器8及晶闸管9的过电压抑制单元。再有，包括和在中间电位端B与最小电位端C之间的下位电压传感器10、电阻器8与晶闸管9的连接点、在与中间电位端B之间的上位电压传感器11、以及最大电位端A及中间电位端B及最小电位端C连接、并对感应电动机供给交流功率的三电平逆变器3，利用下位电压传感器10及上位电压传感器11的检测电压，控制三电平逆变器3。

Description

电车控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及对电车的感应电动机进行驱动控制的电车控制装置。
背景技术
以往的具有三电平(PWM)变换器的功率变换装置，在与三电平变换器的直流侧连接的两个滤波器电容器中具备检测各自电压的两个直流电压检测器。然后，根据两个直流电压检测器检测的滤波器电容器的电压，对三电平变换器进行PWM控制(例如参照专利文献1)。
但是，若由于负载的急剧变动等原因，滤波器电容器两端电压高于通常值，则将对三电平变换器的半导体元件加上异常电压。
另外，为了防止上述那样的问题，有一种方法是与两个滤波器电容器并联连接由过电压抑制用电阻器及晶闸管构成的过电压抑制电路。它的动作原理是这样的，若滤波器电容器的两端电压高于规定值，则过电压检测器检测该过电压，使晶闸管触发导通，从而通过电压抑制用电阻器，将滤波器电容器短路，放出滤波器电容器中储存的能量，在规定时间后，断开三电平变换器的电源侧的交流开关，切断续流(例如参照专利文献2)。
但是，在该方法中，在交流开关由于故障等不能进行正常的断开动作时，为了不导致过电压抑制用电阻器的加热烧坏，而必须要检测过电压抑制用电阻器的电流的电流检测器，将使装置过大。
因此，为了解决上述那样的问题，在具有三电平(PWM)逆变器的电车控制装置中，有一种方法是，与晶闸管并联连接第1电压传感器，检测中间直流全电压，同时对晶闸管的误触发导通进行检测。这里，与三电平逆变器的端子的负极侧连接的滤波器电容器并联连接第2电压传感器，检测滤波器电容器的端电压即下半部电压。然后，使用由第1及第2电压传感器检测的电压值来控制三电平逆变器的脉冲宽度，使得中间直流电压的上半部电压与下半部电压的值相等(例如参照专利文献3)。
在这种情况下，与三电平逆变器的正极侧连接的滤波器电容器的端电压即 上半部电压是从与晶闸管并联连接的第1电压传感器检测出的全电压减去与三电平逆变器的端子的负极侧连接的滤波器电容器并联连接的第2电压传感器检测的下半部电压而得到的值。但是，在第1电压传感器的分辨率低于第2电压传感器的分辨率时，根据该两台电压传感器检测的电压计算的上半部电压的精度低于直接检测的下半部电压，其结果控制精度也降低。因此，为了利用该电压检测方式进行控制，则必须使电压传感器的分辨率按照低的分辨率。另外，对于三电平变换器也可以说是同样的。
专利文献1：特开平11-113263号公报
专利文献2：特开平7-154974号公报
专利文献3：特开平8-33102号公报
在以往的电车控制装置中，为了防止对三电平逆变器及三电平变换器的半导体元件加上异常电压，设置了过电压抑制电路。但是，若设置过电压抑制电路，则必须要检测过电压抑制用电阻器的电流的电流检测器。另外，为了不使用电流检测器，有一种方法是，与晶闸管并联连接第1电压传感器，检测中间直流全电压，同时进行晶闸管误触发导通的检测。但是，这种方法中的问题是，必须使电压传感器的分辨率按照低的分辨率。
发明内容
本发明有关的电车控制装置，是利用从架空线供给的功率来驱动感应电动机的电车控制装置，包括：具有最大电位端及中间电位端及最小电位端、并具有连接在最大电位端与中间电位端之间的上位侧电容器及连接在中间电位端与最小电位端之间的下位侧电容器的直流电源装置；具有电阻器及晶闸管、并连接在最大电位端与最小电位端之间的过电压抑制单元；在中间电位端与最小电位端之间串联连接的下位电压传感器；在电阻器和晶闸管的连接点与中间电位端之间连接的上位电压传感器；以及与最大电位端及中间电位端及最小电位端连接、并对感应电动机供应交流功率的三电平逆变器，利用下位电压传感器及上位电压传感器检测的电压，控制三电平逆变器。
根据本发明，则能够使检测直流电压的上位电压及下位电压的两个电压传感器的分辨率相同，使电压检测精度提高，同时能够进行高精度的控制。
附图说明
图1所示为本发明实施形态1有关的电车控制装置的电路构成图(实施例1)。
图2所示为本发明实施形态2有关的电车控制装置的电路构成图(实施例2)。
具体实施方式
本发明正为了解决上述那样的问题而提出的，目的在于提供使直流电压的检测精度提高的电车控制装置。
实施例1
图1所示为本发明实施形态1的电车控制装置的电路构成图。在图1中，从架空线1利用受电弓2集电的直流功率输入到具有最大电位端A及中间电位端B及最小电位端C的三电平逆变器3，变换为交流功率，来驱动感应电动机4。另外，与三电平逆变器3并联连接将端子间的直流电压进行两分压的滤波器电容器电路5。滤波器电容器电路5由串联连接的上位滤波器电容器6(上位侧电容器)及下位滤波器电容器7(下位侧电容器)构成。上位滤波器电容器6连接在三电平逆变器3的最大电位端A与中间电位端B之间，下位滤波器电容器7连接在三电平逆变器3的中间电位端B与最小电位端C之间。
这里，在图1的构成中，由于从架空线得到直流功率，因此仅仅由串联连接的上位滤波器电容器6及下位滤波器电容器7，构成直流电源装置。在从架空线得到交流功率时，直流电源装置具有变换器。
另外，在三电平逆变器3的端子侧，在最大电位端A与最小电位端C之间连接具有串联连接的电阻器8及晶闸管9的过电压抑制单元。该单元连接成：使得电阻器8位于三电平逆变器3的端子的正极侧，晶闸管9位于三电平逆变器3的负极侧。通过这样，过电压抑制单元与滤波器电容器电路5并联连接。这里，三电平逆变器3的构成及动作与以往装置相同。
下位电压传感器10连接在三电平逆变器3的端子的中间电位端B与最小电位端C之间。另外，上位电位传感器11连接在电阻器8和晶闸管9的连接点与上位滤波器电容器6和下位滤波器电容器7的连接点之间。这里，下位电压传感器10和上位电压传感器11的连接点与三电平逆变器3的中间电位端B连接。
在这样的电车控制装置的电压检测方式中，由于电阻器8与下位电压传感 器10及上位电压传感器11的内阻相比是足够小，因此从架空线1供给的直流电压在电阻器8上的电压降实际上可以看作为0，可以说全电压施加在晶闸管9上。因而，可以将下位电压传感器10及上位电压传感器11检测的电压值之和，看作为近似于图1的电路中所施加的全电压。
另外，由于下位电压传感器10和上位电压传感器11的连接点设置在三电平逆变器3的中间电位端B。因此下半部电压施加在下位电压传感器10上，上半部电压施加在上位电压传感器11上。该上半部电压与上位滤波器电容器6的端子间电压近似相等。
在因晶闸管9的故障或误触发导通而晶闸管9处于短路状态时，由于滤波器电容器电路5中储存的电荷产生放电，因此上位电压传感器11检测的上半部电压降低，所以通过监视上位电压传感器11检测的上半部电压，能够检测晶闸管9的故障或误触发导通。
为了将这样串联连接的两台电压传感器与晶闸管9并联连接来检测直流全电压并且检测半电压，将与晶闸管9并联连接的两台电压传感器的连接点与上位滤波器电容器6和下位滤波器电容器7的连接点进行连接，从而能够使两台电压传感器的分辨率相等。
再有，不需要另外设置晶闸管9的误触发导通用的电流传感器，能够使装置小型化。
实施例2
图2所示为本发明实施形态2的电车控制装置的电路构成图。在图2中，从架空线1供给的交流功率通过变压器12输入到三电平变换器13，将从最大电位端及中间电位端及最小电位端输出的直流功率，输入到逆变器14。其它构成与实施形态1的构成相同。
在三电平变换器13中，为了将这样串联连接的两台电压传感器与晶闸管9并联连接来检测直流全电压并且检测半电压，将与晶闸管9并联连接的两台电压传感器的连接点与上位滤波器电容器6和下位滤波器电容器7的连接点进行连接，从而与实施形态1的三电平逆变器3中使用的情况相同，能够使电压传感器的分辨率相同。再有，不需要设置晶闸管9的误触发导通用的传感器，能够使装置小型化。

Claims (2)

1.一种电车控制装置，利用从架空线供给的功率来驱动感应电动机，包括：
将所述功率进行变换后供给直流功率的、具有最大电位端、中间电位端及最小电位端、并具有连接在所述最大电位端与所述中间电位端之间的上位侧电容器及连接在所述中间电位端与所述最小电位端之间的下位侧电容器的直流电源装置；
具有电阻器及晶闸管、并连接在所述最大电位端与所述最小电位端之间的过电压抑制单元；以及
与所述最大电位端、所述中间电位端及所述最小电位端连接、并对感应电动机供给交流功率的三电平逆变器，其特征在于，还包括：
连接在所述中间电位端与所述最小电位端之间的下位电压传感器；以及
连接在所述电阻器和所述晶闸管的连接点与所述中间电位端之间的上位电压传感器，
利用所述下位电压传感器及所述上位电压传感器检测的电压，控制所述三电平逆变器。
2.一种电车控制装置，利用从架空线供给的功率来驱动感应电动机，该电车控制装置包括：
将架空线供给的交流功率变换为直流功率的、具有最大电位端、中间电位端及最小电位端的三电平变换器；
连接在所述最大电位端与所述中间电位端之间的上位侧电容器；
连接在所述中间电位端与所述最小电位端之间的下位侧电容器；以及
具有电阻器及晶闸管、并连接在所述最大电位端与所述最小电位端之间的过电压抑制单元，其特征在于，还包括：
连接在所述中间电位端与所述最小电位端之间的下位电压传感器；
连接在所述电阻器和所述晶闸管的连接点与所述中间电位端之间的上位电压传感器；以及
至少与所述最大电位端及所述最小电位端连接、并对感应电动机供给交流功率的逆变器；
利用所述下位电压传感器及所述上位电压传感器检测的电压，控制所述三电平变换器。
CN2005800012065A 2004-08-09 2005-04-01 电车控制装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1878685B (zh)

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PCT/JP2005/006503 WO2006016438A1 (ja) 2004-08-09 2005-04-01 電気車制御装置

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CA2563273C (en) 2009-09-01
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